05：【专题过关】阅读理解备考攻略 -2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

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阅读理解备考攻略

阅读理解解题技巧
阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。

1、词义猜测题技巧
此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：
1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.
3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．

2、细节题技巧
此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：
1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
2) Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
3) Which of the following is not mentioned?
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
6) From this passage we know that ________.
7) In the passage, the author states that ______.

3、推断题技巧
此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：
1) The author implied（suggested）that．．．
2) We can infer from the text that _______.
3) It can be inferred from the text that ______.
4) It may be concluded from the passage that．．．
5) Which of the following statements does the passage support？
6) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ___.

4、作者态度题技巧
此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：
1) What's the writer's/author's attitude to/towards ... ?
2) The author’s tone would be best described as _______ .
3) The attitude of ... to/towards ... is .

5、主旨大意题技巧
常见的标题型题干：
1)  The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.
2)  The text (passage) could be entitled   ______.
3)  What is the best title for the passage?
4) What’s the topic of the article?

实战演练
阅读理解(共10篇名校期中真题)
（2022秋·湖南怀化·高二统考期中）Cambridge Summer School
The Cambridge Scholars’ Programme helps intelligent high school students pursue their passions, prepare for university, explore Britain and Paris, build their confidence and have lots of fun making friends from around the world.
Choose Your Courses For 2023
Course Selections
Click to pick which week(s) you wish to attend. You can pick both. You can then select your course options?
One Week: Saturday, July 15th—Saturday, July 22nd. $2995
Two Week: Saturday, July 22nd—Sunday, August 6th. $5995
Paris: Sunday, August 6th—Friday, August 11th
Why should intelligent high school students apply for Cambridge summer school?
Our aim is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures. We help you achieve more through:
Outstanding Education
Learn from a wide variety of interesting subjects going beyond the school courses to help prepare you for university learning. Pick and mix from our diverse course list to pursue your passion or try out different subjects to find your favourite.
University Preparation
Live and study in a beautiful Cambridge college to help you prepare for the independence of university life. Practice making new friends, gain experience living away from home, and be inspired by our historic college setting.
Cultural Trips
Learn about British history and culture on our many trips—and optionally continue on to Paris. Visit castles, palaces, museums, cathedrals and more.
Enriching Activities
Quickly make new friends and create lifelong memories. Pick enriching afternoon activities and have fun in the evenings.
We let you pick and choose your courses from our wide selection, so that you can try a range of subjects according to your interests. Unlike many summer schools that save costs by hiring inexperienced students to teach, we only hire the best teaching staff. Our courses help to bridge the gap between school and university, teaching skills and pushing your academic horizons.
1．Who is the programme suitable for?
A．Kindergarten students. B．Elementary school students.
C．Undergraduates. D．Pre-college students.
2．Which is NOT the advantage of the school’s academics?
A．Low prices. B．Experienced tutors.
C．Preparation for college. D．Wide range and flexibility.
3．Where is this text most probably taken from?
A．A booklet. B．A website.
C．A film script. D．An academic article.
【答案】1．D    2．A    3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是“剑桥学者项目”。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Cambridge Scholars’ Programme helps intelligent high school students pursue their passions, prepare for university, explore Britain and Paris, build their confidence and have lots of fun making friends from around the world.(剑桥学者项目帮助聪明的高中生追求自己的梦想，为上大学做准备，探索英国和巴黎，建立自信，并在结交来自世界各地的朋友中获得很多乐趣。)”可知，该项目适合为上大学做准备的高中生。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We let you pick and choose your courses from our wide selection, so that you can try a range of subjects according to your interests. (我们让你从我们广泛的选择中挑选你的课程，这样你就可以根据你的兴趣尝试一系列的科目。)”可知，在该活动中学生们课程的选择是广泛的；同时根据本段中“Unlike many summer schools that save costs by hiring inexperienced students to teach, we only hire the best teaching staff. (不像许多暑期学校通过雇佣没有经验的学生来教学来节省成本，我们只雇佣最好的教学人员。)”可知，该项目中的教学人员是有着丰富经验的老师；同时根据本段中“Our courses help to bridge the gap between school and university, teaching skills and pushing your academic horizons.(我们的课程有助于弥合学校和大学之间的差距，教授技能，并推动您的学术视野。)”可知，该项目的课程有助于弥合学校和大学之间的差距，即为大学做准备。故A选项“Low prices.(低廉的价格)”并未提及，即并非是该项目的优点。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“Choose Your Courses For 2023”部分中“Click to pick which week(s) you wish to attend. (请点击选择您希望参加的星期。)”可知，文章出自于网站。故选B。
（2022春·湖北黄冈·高二校考期中）It was time for Mr. Rocco to shut up the shop when I hurried into the flower shop. “Now, what is it you want? ” Mr. Rocco turned to me. “I want the most beautiful flower you have” I replied. “And just how much do you have to pay for this most beautiful flower? ” I held out a wet hand showing a quarter and dime. He nodded, and then showed me a plant on the counter. “I can give you this one for 35 cents, ” he said. “Aw, gee, ” I protested, “it looks like a weed (草)!” About 18 inches high, the plant was in a small pot covered with faded red paper. “Now trust me, boy-I promise that tomorrow morning when you get up, you will find your most beautiful flower,” said Mr. Rocco. I knew him to be a good honest man, so I agreed to take it.
It was almost midnight when I arrived home. Mum was seriously sick and using the front bedroom. I looked in to see if she was asleep, and then quietly tiptoed(踮起脚走) in and set the plant on the table beside her bed. I wanted her to be surprised when she woke on Mother’s Day.
The next morning, I dressed and hurried downstairs. The sun was shining through the kitchen window as I looked into Mum’s room and glanced over at the table where the plant was. My goodness! There were three big yellow trumpet(喇叭) shaped blooms. It was just like Mr. Rocco said -the most beautiful flower I ever saw! When I looked at Mum, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged me till it hurt. Then, remembering her contagious(传染性的) condition and that she wasn’t supposed to touch me, she quickly let me go.
My dear mum died the next night. The moment she hugged me turned out to be the most wonderful moment of my life. Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me.
4．The author didn’t like the plant at first sight because he thought ______.
A．it was too cheap to be a gift
B．the plant couldn’t bring out beautiful flowers
C．the plant was actually a weed
D．Mr. Rocco was reluctant to do the deal with him
5．What’s the mother’s reaction when she saw the flower?
A．She was in great shock at the flower.
B．She was deeply moved by the precious gift.
C．She took it for granted on Mother’s Day.
D．She praised the author for the beautiful flower.
6．When the mother hugged the author tightly, it showed that ______.
A．she appreciated what had been done for her
B．she liked being given gifts on holidays
C．she was aware of the arrival of Mother’s Day
D．she was happy about the growth of her children
7．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Low Price, High Value B．A Son and His Mother
C．Flower of Love D．A Special Mother’s Day
【答案】4．B    5．B    6．A    7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为患癌症的母亲准备母亲节礼物，于是到花店买了一盆不起眼的像杂草一样的花，第二天母亲看到了这盆盛开了的美丽的花，她觉得非常的感动，后来母亲去世了，作者和母亲之间的亲情永远留在作者的心中。
4．细节理解题。由第一段的“it looks like a weed (草)!About 18 inches high, the plant was in a small pot covered with faded red paper.（它看起来像盆杂草！这株大约18英寸高的植物放在一个小花盆里，上面覆盖着褪色的红纸。）”可知，作者起初不喜欢这盆花是因为它看起来很普通，不能开出美丽的花。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“When I looked at Mum, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged me till it hurt.（当我看着妈妈的时候，她微笑着，泪水顺着脸颊流下来。她伸出手让我靠近，然后把我拉近，紧紧地抱住我，直到我感到疼痛。）”可知，妈妈看到花时是非常的感动。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“When I looked at Mum, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged me till it hurt.（当我看着妈妈的时候，她微笑着，泪水顺着脸颊流下来。她伸出手让我靠近，然后把我拉近，紧紧地抱住我，直到我感到疼痛。）”可知，母亲感激为她所做的一切。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。文章开头是围绕作者买花开始，以及最后一段“Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me.（那盆漂亮的植物不仅显示了我有多爱她，而且我永远都知道她有多爱我。）”可知，文章围绕作者买花的事情和母亲收到花之后的表现来表达母亲和作者之间浓浓的亲情。所以短文的最佳的标题为“爱之花”。故选C项。

（2022秋·广东广州·高二广州市协和中学校考期中）For many years, school children in the US have taken on “field trips” to cultural institutions such as museums of art. Educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills, but also to produce civilized young people who appreciate the art and culture. While there are parents who will take their children to cultural places in their free time, there are plenty of other children who will never have this kind of opportunity unless schools offer it. So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage.
However, the attitude towards field trips in recent years is changing, with the number of tours organized for school groups falling significantly in museums all around the country. The most obvious reason is the issue of finance. Because there are increasing demands on their funds, after all, computers and sports facilities aren’t cheap, schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the limited money they have. Faced with this dilemma, field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are seen by many as a luxury.
Additionally, the nature of these field days is also changing. Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning. This shift could have a basis in generational differences between teachers’ reasons for organizing days out of school. A recent survey conducted among 500 Arkansas teachers showed that older teachers were significantly more likely to take the primary purpose of a field trip as a learning experience than younger teachers, who view it as fun.
Some evidence shows the trend of fewer trips may have a negative effect on children’s development. A research led by Jay Greene at Arkansas University found that students who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge of art and the ability to think critically about art. They also display stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future. The researchers warn that if schools cut field trips or switch to less educational destinations, valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich children’s learning experiences are lost.
8．What is the initial purpose of field trips to cultural institutions?
A．To leach students useful skills in economics.
B．To make every student exposed to art and culture.
C．To educate students to preserve cultural heritage.
D．To encourage parents to take their children there.
9．Which factor most probably leads to the trend of fewer field trips?
A．The drop in school funds. B．Students’ demand for fun.
C．The dilemma of school finance. D．Teachers’ generational differences.
10．What does the underlined phrase “This shift” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The switch from old generations to young generations.
B．The switch from sporting events to cultural experiences.
C．The change from an opportunity to learn to a treat to entertain.
D．The change from educational destinations to luxurious attractions.
11．What can be inferred about field trips from the research by Jay Greene?
A．Students are rewarded with more cultural knowledge.
B．Amusement parks enrich children’s learning experiences.
C．Cutting field trips is critical to the future of the museum.
D．Field trips guarantee better future academic performance.
【答案】8．B    9．C    10．C    11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国的学生被带到艺术博物馆等文化机构进行“实地考察”给学生带来的好处及这些活动减少的原因。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage. (所以你可以说，带学生实地考察是一种让每个人都能平等获得文化遗产的手段)”可知，学校设置实地考察的最初目的就是为了让每个人都能平等地获得文化遗产。即让每一个学生都能接触到文化艺术。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The most obvious reason is the issue of finance. Because there are increasing demands on their funds, after all, computers and sports facilities aren’t cheap, schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the limited money they have.(最明显的原因是金融问题。因为对他们的资金的需求越来越大，毕竟，电脑和体育设施都不便宜，学校被迫做出一个艰难的选择，关于如何使用他们有限的钱)”可知，实地考察数量减少的原因就是财政问题，即：经费困难。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据所猜词前一句“Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning.(学校越来越多地把去游乐园或参加体育活动作为对待学生的方式，而不是学习文化的机会)”可知，学校让学生去游乐园或参加体育活动进行娱乐，而放弃学习文化的机会。由此可知，This shift指的是从一个学习的机会变成了一种娱乐 。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A research led by Jay Greene at Arkansas University found that students who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge of and the ability to think critically about art. They also display stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future.(Arkansas大学Jay Greene领导的一项研究发现，参观艺术博物馆的学生大大提高了他们对艺术的知识和批判性思考能力。他们也表现出更强的历史兴趣，更有可能在未来参观文化场所)”可知，Arkansas大学的Jay Greene的研究表明通过参观艺术博物馆可以培养学生们艺术的知识和批判性思考，同时还会养成对历史的兴趣。由此可推知，学生们所得到的回报就是更多的文化意识。故选A。

（2022秋·湖南·高二湖南师大附中校考期中）Disorders of the brain are a growing worry. Twelve mental—health conditions affect about 970 million people around the world according to the Global Burden of Disease Project: more than one in ten of the population. This figure could well be an underestimate. Neurological(神经学的)problems such as stroke, migraine (偏头痛),Parkinson’s and brain injury are collectively the leading global source of disability. Ageing populations with unhealthy ways of life are likely to make this problem much worse everywhere.
In an ideal world, science would be coming to the rescue. But the brain is a complex organ sometimes described as the most complex structure in the known universe. A private company spent an estimated $43 bn on research into therapies for Alzheimer’s disease between 1998 and 2017 and came up empty—handed. That big failure is perhaps the biggest reason why, in the 2010s, many drug firms abandoned or cut back on neuroscience(神经科学)research.
Happily, there are signs of a change. In our Technology Quarterly this week we report on a renaissance(复兴)in neuroscience, with many drug companies, some of them big ones, showing renewed interest in the field. This fresh energy is coming from a variety of techniques and ideas. More precise diagnosis and well—confirmed biomarkers which reveal the course of disease, are improving clinical trials. New kinds of treatment such as gene therapy, are expanding the range of diseases that can be tackled. Other advances are an increasing amount of data, which is proving critical to understanding the biological roots of neurological problems.
As hopes rise for tackling this final frontier of bio—medicine, it is worth remembering that the secrets to a healthy brain are not only going to come from a pill or psychotherapist’s treatments. The health of the brain is influenced by what goes on outside it such as nutrition, exercise, the abuse of alcohol, education, social connections and pollution. None of this should be surprising: The health of the brain is tied to the health and the well—being of the body that it sits in. Efforts to ensure better brain health are an investment that will keep bringing advantages to individuals, and to societies, for decades to come.
12．What does the writer suggest in both the first and last paragraphs to prevent brain diseases?
A．Less worry. B．More financial aid.
C．Magic medicine. D．Healthy lifestyles.
13．What contribute to the renewed interest in neuroscience research?
A．Profits and fame. B．Advances in technology.
C．Larger range of diseases. D．More clinical trials.
14．What is most likely to be the writer’s job?
A．A journal editor. B．A librarian.
C．A sponsor. D．A clinical doctor.
15．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Complex brain health. B．An epic research failure.
C．Renewed neuroscience research. D．Defeating brain disorders.

【答案】12．D    13．B    14．A    15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着科学技术的发展以及新的治疗手段的出现，人们重燃对神经科学领域研究的兴趣。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Ageing populations with unhealthy ways of life are likely to make this problem much worse everywhere.( 生活方式不健康的老龄化人口可能会使这一问题在各地变得更加严重。)” 以及后一段第二句 “The health of the brain is influenced by what goes on outside it such as nutrition, exercise, the abuse of alcohol, education, social connections and pollution.(大脑的健康受到外界因素的影响，如营养、锻炼、酗酒、教育、社会关系和污染。)”可知，健康的生活方式可以预防脑部疾病。故选 D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In our Technology Quarterly this week we report on a renaissance(复兴)in neuroscience, with many drug companies, some of them big ones, showing renewed interest in the field. This fresh energy is coming from a variety of techniques and ideas.(在本周的《科技季刊》中，我们报道了神经科学的复兴，许多制药公司，其中一些是大公司，对这一领域重新表现出兴趣。这种新鲜的能量来自于各种各样的技术和想法。)”可知，科技的进步有助于重新激发对神经科学研究的兴趣即科学技术的发展促使人们对神经科学领域重新表现出兴趣。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ In our Technology Quarterly this week we report on a renaissance(复兴)in neuroscience, with many drug companies, some of them big ones, showing renewed interest in the field. (在本周的《科技季刊》中，我们报道了神经科学的复兴，许多制药公司，其中一些是大公司，对这一领域重新表现出兴趣。)”可知，在本周的《科技季刊》中，作者的杂志报道了神经科学的复兴，许多制药公司，其中一些是大公司，对这一领域重新表现出兴趣。由此可知，作者的身份与该杂志有关系，同时作者对神经科学领域的研究做了较为客观的叙述。因此，作者的职业很可能是某期刊的编辑，负责文章的编辑和整理工作。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了随着科学技术的发展以及新的治疗手段的出现，人们重燃对神经科学领域研究的兴趣。故选C。

（2022秋·河北衡水·高二衡水市第二中学校考期中）Later this month, Tate Britain will host its first Van Gogh exhibition since 1947. Here we've rounded up 4 of his best paintings before the show.
Potato Eaters
Potato Eaters was Van Gogh's first major work and, despite a distinct lack of colour, it was one that he was most proud of. His aim was to represent the difficulties of country life, so the farmers are painted in earthy tones with rough faces and bony hands. He was more concerned with conveying his message than achieving technical perfection in this painting.
Irises
Van Gogh finished almost 142 pieces during his stay in the Saint Remy de Provence asylum (精神病院), where he was a voluntary patient from 1889 to 1890. This piece was started shortly after he arrived there. The hospital garden provided much inspiration for the artist during his stay there. Originally, the flowers in this work were painted purple but the red pigment (色素) faded over time and has now turned blue.
Cafe Terrace at Night
Despite being painted more than 130 years ago, this cafe still exists in France and has since been renamed the Cafe Van Gogh. This artwork marks the first time Van Gogh's famous post-impressionistic star-filled sky was seen in a piece, and it was painted on the ground, in person, rather than from memory. While the artwork doesn't bear his signature, it's widely known to be Van Gogh's, as he mentioned Cafe Terrace at Night in a number of his letters.
Wheat Field With Cypresses
This piece was inspired by the view from Van Gogh's asylum window and was finished on the spot. The work was the title of three paintings that offer an insight into his stay at the hospital.' Van Gogh was 80 pleased with the summer landscape that he made three copies there, one of the same size—which hangs in the National Gallery and two smaller copies which he planned to gift to his mother and sister.
16．Which painting did Vincent van Gogh take most pride in?
A．Irises. B．Potato Eaters.
C．Cafe Terrace at Night. D．Wheat Field With Cypresses.
17．What is the original color of the flowers in Irises?
A．Purple. B．Blue. C．Red. D．Yellow.
18．What do the last two paintings have in common?
A．They were the same in size. B．They had more than one copy.
C．They were signed by the artist, D．They were painted on the ground.

【答案】16．B    17．A    18．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了梵高的四幅代表作。
16．细节理解题。由Potato Eaters一节中的“Potato Eaters was Van Gogh's first major work and, despite a distinct lack of colour, it was one that he was most proud of.”（《吃土豆的人》是梵高的第一部主要作品，尽管明显缺乏色彩，但这是他最引以为豪的作品。），可知Potato Eaters是梵高自己感到最得意的作品。故选B项。
17．细节理解题。由Irises一节中的“Originally, the flowers in this work were painted purple but the red pigment (色素) faded over time and has now turned blue.”（最初，这幅作品中的花朵被涂成紫色，但随着时间的推移，红色素褪色，现在变成蓝色。），可知Irises中的花原来是紫色的，后来因为失去了红色素，而变成了色。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。由Cafe Terrace at Night一节中的“This artwork marks the first time Van Gogh's famous post-impressionistic star-filled sky was seen in a piece, and it was painted on the ground, in person, rather than from memory.”（这幅作品标志着梵高著名的后印象派星空第一次出现在一幅作品中，梵高亲自当场绘制了它，而不是从记忆中绘制的。）和Wheat Field With Cypresses一节中的“This piece was inspired by the view from Van Gogh's asylum window and was finished on the spot.”（这件作品的灵感来自梵高住的精神病院窗户的景色，并当场完成。），可知Cafe Terrace at Night和Wheat Field With Cypresses这两幅画都是现场写生的，on the ground/ on the spot（当场）。故选D项。

（2022秋·江苏南京·高二统考期中）Jason Allen, a video game designer in Pueblo, Colorado, spent about 80 hours working on his entry to the Colorado State Fair's digital arts competition. Judges awarded him first place, which came with a $300 prize.
Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images. He says he also made that clear to state fair officials when he dropped off his submission (提交) called Théátre D'péra Spatial.
Colorado's 150-year-old state fair is held each summer in Pueblo, a town about 185 kilometers south of Denver. The fair's submission guide lines do not directly mention AI-generated art, but they define (定义) digital arts as “artistic practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process.”
The competition's two judges say they were unaware that Allen had used AI to create his piece. But even if they had known, they still would've given him first place. They said they awarded the top prize based on the story Théátre D'péra Spatial tells, as well as the spirit it inspires.
Allen created Théátre D'péra Spatial by entering various words and phrased into Midjourney, which then produced more than 900 versions for him to choose from. He selected his three favorite, then continued adjusting them in Photo shop until he was satisfied. He boosted their resolution (分辨率) using a tool called Gigapixel and printed the works on canvas. He entered all three pieces into the competition, and one of them won.
Allen said he believes the criticism of his work originate from artist s' fear that technology will one day become so advanced that they'll be out of jobs.
In the meantime, as state fair spokesperson alga Robak says, it's bringing out “a broader conversation about how we decide what art is, and how we judge it appropriately.”
19．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in paragraph 2?
A．Taking a turn. B．Revealing the truth online.
C．Turning text descriptions into images. D．Applying an AI program to the creation.
20．Why did the two judges award alien first place?
A．He followed guide lines for AI-generated art.
B．They were unaware of the use of ad in his piece.
C．He is a pioneer of using digital technology in creation.
D．They are impressed with the ideas that his work presents.
21．What is paragraph mainly about?
A．How Allen created his works. B．What all technologies alien used.
C．Why Allen chose to employ Midjourney. D．Where the advantage of Allen's works lay.
22．According to the text, Allen's victory ___________
A．costs artists their jobs B．helps enhance AI technology
C．ensures fairness in arts competitions D．generates a discussion on defining art
【答案】19．D    20．D    21．A    22．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述Allen是如何使用人工智能创作自己的作品，并取得了胜利，引发如何定义艺术的讨论。
19．词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images.( 当艾伦在网上透露他是用Midjourney(一种可以将文字描述转化为图像的人工智能程序)创作出获奖作品时，他的胜利发生了转折。)”可知that指代上文提到的用人工智能创作作品的这件事，故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第四段“The competition's two judges say they were unaware that Allen had used AI to create his piece. But even if they had known, they still would've given him first place. They said they awarded the top prize based on the story Théátre D'péra Spatial tells, as well as the spirit it inspires. (比赛的评判员委表示，他们不知道Allen使用了人工智能来创作他的作品。但即使他们知道，他们还是会给他第一名。他们说，他们根据Théátre D'péra Spatial所讲述的故事以及它所激发的精神授予了最高奖项。)” 可知两个评判员对Allen的作品所呈现的思想印象深刻，故选D。
21．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Allen's victory took a turn when he revealed online that he'd created his prize-winning art using Midjourney, an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can turn text descriptions into images. He says he also made that clear to state fair officials when he dropped off his submission (提交) called Théátre D'péra Spatial. (当Allen在网上透露他是用Midjourney(一种可以将文字描述转化为图像的人工智能程序)创作出获奖作品时，他的胜利发生了转折。他说，当他递交名为Théátre D'péra Spatial的投稿时，他也向州博览会官员明确表示了这一点。)”可知文章主要讲述Allen是如何创作作品的。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the meantime, as state fair spokesperson alga Robak says, it's bringing out “a broader conversation about how we decide what art is, and how we judge it appropriately.” (与此同时，正如州博览会发言人阿尔加·罗巴克(alga Robak)所说，它引发了“关于我们如何决定什么是艺术，以及我们如何恰当地判断它的更广泛的对话。”)”可知Allen的胜利，产生对艺术定义的讨论，故选D。

（2022秋·广东·高二广东广雅中学校考期中）Awe is generally defined as the sense that you are in the presence of something larger and more consequential than yourself. According to a study called “awe walks”, people who took a fresh look at the world around them during brief, weekly walks felt more upbeat and hopeful in general than walkers who did not. Feeling a sense of awe also seems to up our overall feelings of gladness and improve health.
Previous studies have linked increased physical activity to greater happiness and reduced risks for anxiety, depression and other mental illnesses. But no studies had looked into whether mixing awe and activity might increase the benefits of or, on the other hand, reduce them. So, for the new study, scientists concentrated on people in their 60s, 70s and 80s, an age when some people can face risks for declining mental health.
The scientists asked 52 volunteers to add a weekly 15-minute walk to their normal schedules. All of them were physically healthy and psychologically well-adjusted, with little anxiety or depression. Then they were randomly divided into two groups. One, as a control group, was asked to start walking, preferably outside, but given few other requirements. The other group was not only asked to walk once a week, but also were instructed in how to cultivate awe as they walked. “Basically, we told them to try to go and walk somewhere new, since novelty helps to cultivate awe,” says Virginia Sturm, an associate professor who led the new study.
Both groups were asked to take a few selfies during their walks and upload them to a lab website and also complete a daily online assessment of their current mood. After eight weeks, the scientists compared the groups’ responses and photos. Not surprisingly, the awe walkers felt happier, less upset and more socially connected than the control group members.
The findings are subjective, though, since awe, like other emotions, is difficult to quantify, but Dr Sturm thinks awe walks could be a simple thing for small wonders without any downside.
23．What makes the new study different from the previous ones?
A．It concentrated on older people.
B．It found the solution to mental health.
C．It associated physical exercise with happiness.
D．It took both activity and awe into consideration.
24．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Only the control group practiced weekly walks
B．The volunteers were suffering mental diseases .
C．Some volunteers were given directions.
D．The volunteers were divided by age .
25．Why are the findings regarded subjective?
A．The number of volunteers is small.
B．The 15-minute walk is not enough.
C．The awe emotion is hard to measure.
D．No downside of awe walks is found.
26．What is the attitude of Dr Sturm to “awe walks”?
A．Reserved. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Critical.

【答案】23．D    24．C    25．C    26．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了将敬畏感和活动结合起来能增强人的幸福感，有利于精神健康。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But no studies had looked into whether mixing awe and activity might increase the benefits(但是没有研究调查过是否把敬畏感和运动结合起来会提高益处)”可知，新研究不同于之前的研究的地方在于把敬畏感和活动结合起来考虑，故选D项。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“The other group was not only asked to walk once a week, but also were instructed in how to cultivate awe as they walked.(另一组不仅被要求每周散步一次，而且被指导在散步的时候如何培养敬畏感)”可知，有一些志愿者被给予了指导，故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings are subjective, though, since awe, like other emotions, is difficult to quantify(然而这一发现是很主观的，因为敬畏感和其他的情绪一样是很难量化的)”可知，敬畏感难以测量，故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Sturm thinks awe walks could be a simple thing for small wonders without any downside.( Sturm先生认为有敬畏感的散步对于小奇迹来说可能是一件简单的事情，没有任何负面影响)”可以推理出，Sturm先生对于有敬畏感的散步持支持的态度，故选B项。

（2022秋·河北张家口·高二校联考期中）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as uncomfortable. Therefore, they attempt to fill every gap. People in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating, as traditional Chinese and Thai people do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people. For example, Russian, French and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients experience. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to help patients.
27．What can we learn about silence in conversations from Paragraph 1?
A．It varies with culture.
B．It is a sign of boredom.
C．It improves friendship.
D．It is used to show anger.
28．Which of the following groups might use silence to show agreement?
A．The Chinese. B．The Thais. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
29．What should nurses do about silence according to the text?
A．Break it as soon as possible.
B．Let it go as the patients please.
C．Use its value to help patients.
D．Explain its harm to their patients.
30．What is the best title for the text?
A．Usages of Silence
B．Different Meanings of Silence
C．Sounds and Silence
D．Silence Is Gold in Some Cultures

【答案】27．A    28．D    29．C    30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show uneasiness or worry.(沉默的含义因文化群体而异。当一个人无话可说时，沉默可能是深思熟虑的，也可能是空洞的。谈话中的沉默也可能表示不安或担心。)”可知，从第一段中我们可以了解到对话中的沉默因文化而异。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“For example, Russian, French and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement about the topic under discussion.(例如，俄罗斯人、法国人和西班牙人可能会用沉默来表示对正在讨论的话题的一致意见。)”可知，俄罗斯人用沉默来表示同意。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to help patients.(懂得沉默的治愈价值的护士可以用这种理解来帮助病人。)”可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种价值来帮助病人。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.(沉默的含义因文化群体而异。)”可知， 本文主要讲的是沉默的含义因文化群体而异，所以短文的最佳标题是B选项“Different Meanings of Silence(沉默的不同含义)”。故选B。

（2022秋·广东·高二广东广雅中学校考期中）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒 作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅 度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an important problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31．How does the author feels about Johnson’s concerns?
A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful D．Excited.
32．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
33．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
34．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Quantum Computing A Solution to all Challenges?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?

【答案】31．A    32．C    33．A    34．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“量子计算真的会像它宣传的那样成功吗？”展开论述，并展示了计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒的观点。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson (但是我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，作者相信约翰逊，所以对约翰逊的担忧会持支持的态度，故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第五段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm ‘by a very large margin ( 幅 度 )’ to building a ‘useful’ quantum computer, one that ‘solves an important problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.’ He adds, ‘People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.’(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都在很大程度上接近于制造出有用的量子计算机，它解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题。他还补充说道：“人们自然不会相信我的观点，但是我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法”)”可推知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来自于他对PyQuantum的信心，故选C项。
33．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但是约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别……被炒作，或许是因为量子代表了一些你可能不理解的很酷的东西)”可推出，量子计算因量子代表了很酷的东西，所以容易被人炒作，划线词的含义应为“容易……的”，与形容词open“(容易)受……的”意思相近。故选A项。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor. (量子计算机最近一直萦绕在我的脑海里。一位朋友一直在给我发文章，讨论量子计算机如何帮助解决我们人类面临的一些最大挑战。我还和两位量子计算专家交流过。其中一位是计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊，我认为他是一个帮助保持该领域诚实的人。另一位是物理学家菲利普·泰勒。)”、第二段中“This is the sort of hype ( 炒 作 ) that annoys Johnson.(这种炒作让约翰逊很恼火。)”和第五段中“Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.(泰勒和约翰逊一样担心炒作，但他说这些担忧并不适用于PyQuantum。)”可推知，作者通过计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒的交流，探讨了量子计算是否是炒作，探讨了它成功的可能。所以D项“Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?(量子计算会像它宣传的那样成功吗？)”是文章主题的最佳概括，适合作为标题，故选D项。

（2022秋·福建福州·高二福建省福州外国语学校校考期中）For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?
Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.
To develop responsible, self-disciplined (自律) kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone joins in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.
This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.
“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline and responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.
35．According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ________.
A．they may lose interest in their work B．they may appear to be well-behaved
C．they may change to another person D．the results will be worse than usual
36．The underlined part “the carrot” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A．rewards B．aims C．apologies D．doubts
37．According to the passage, Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should ________.
A．never pay attention to the way their children do things
B．show their children how to behave by example
C．never punish their children
D．help their children establish good values
38．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Do you often reward your children?
B．Should parents reward their children?
C．When should parents reward their children?
D．What can parents reward their children with?

【答案】35．B    36．A    37．D    38．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了父母该如何奖励孩子的话题。并提出了父母应该帮助孩子设立正确的价值观。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward.”（当受到惩罚的威胁时，孩子们通常会变得更加尽职尽责，当得到有价值的奖励时，孩子们会更加努力学习。）可知，当孩子们受到惩罚的威胁时，他们可能表现得很乖。故选B项。
36．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility.”（当我们给孩子奖励时，我们减少了责任感。）以及划线单词句中“We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance…”（我们还创造了一些孩子，他们可能暂时表现得符合某种标准……他们不太可能继续表现下去。）可知，根据上文提到的rewards以及上下文句意关系可知，当给孩子奖励时，他们暂时表现得符合某种标准，但是当不给奖励时，他们不太可能继续表现下去，故可猜测，划线单词the carrot指的是“奖励”。故选A项。
37．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time.”（《奖赏的惩罚》一书的作者阿尔菲·科恩说：“奖惩可以在一段时间内改变行为，但它们无法改变做出这种行为的人。”“良好的价值观必须由内而外培养。”父母可以帮助他们的孩子培养一种共同的责任感和纪律感，这种责任感和纪律感会伴随孩子一生。）可知，阿尔菲·科恩同意父母应该帮助他们的孩子建立良好的价值观。故选D项。
38．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?”（多年来，关于奖励孩子的问题一直存在争论。这有用吗？有效吗？）和最后一句“So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.”（所以，把那些闪亮的奖励留给自己，让你的孩子自己去寻找。）可知，这篇文章作者最终探讨的是家长是否该给孩子奖励。故文章最好的标题是“父母应该奖励孩子吗？”。故选B项。