Unit1 Science and Scientists【单元测试】（适合新高考卷区）-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists

 单元测试卷

第一部分　阅读(共两节， 满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

School Spirit is in the bag!

Now you can design your own Taft Tiger bags and backpacks.

What’s in your bag?

School books, homework, and gym clothes are just a few of the many items that successful students at Taft Middle School carry around every day. The right bag or backpack can help you get organized. Carry your school equipment with style and show your Tiger Pride with one of these strong SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO bags.

Which bag do you need?

Backpack: $20

●Made with strong materials and zippers

●Comfortable, padded shoulder straps(软垫肩带）

●Two large compartments for books and notebooks

●Small zippered bag for pens, pencils, calculators and more

Duffle bag: $15

●Perfect for holding gym clothes, shoes, and towels

●Large enough to hold up to three basketballs

●Removable shoulder straps and short handles

Tote bag: $10

●Ideal for light loads

●Use it to carry a sweater and snacks for a field trip

●Take it to the library to carry books and research materials

Satisfaction guaranteed

These bags are a great bargain and SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO guarantees their quality. If the bag has a defect(缺陷), simply return it within 30 days of receipt for an exchange of equal value or a full refund(退款).

How to order your bag

All orders must be placed in person and during the week of September 26-30 only.

●Visit the SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO representatives in the cafeteria September 26-30 to see samples of bags.

●Complete the order form. Be sure to write down your first-period teacher’s name on the form.

●Hand in your payment with the order form to the representatives.

The bags will be delivered to the school in three weeks. First-period teachers will give out the bags to students who placed orders.

1. Compared with Tote bags, Duffle bags ________.

A. are a little cheaper     B. have small bags for tiny items

C. can have their shoulder straps taken off  D. are suitable to be carried to the library

2. What do we know about the sale of the bags?

A. It is held by Taft Middle School.

B. It is aimed at Taft Middle School students.

C. It allows students to return bags without reasons.

D. It includes offering free gym clothes to students.

3. What is one requirement for students who order the bags?

A. Going to a given place to get the bags.

B. Giving payments to their first-period teachers.

C. Including the representatives’ names on the forms.

D. Placing the orders during the last days of September.

B

Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.

In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.

When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.

In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Noble Prize in 1911, this time for Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.

4．The author believes that women scientists________.

A．have more opportunities to become successful

B．can not get the highest honors in the world

C．go through difficulties to be successful

D．had better pay more attention to their families

5．Mary Anning was one of the first women to ________.

A．win the Noble Prize for Science after getting married

B．make achievements in the study of ancient earth

C．research animals and their bones

D．study the mystery of all kinds of plants

6．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska?

A．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.

B．She received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 on her own.

C．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.

D．She made many discoveries after she got married.

7．What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Ancient discoveries.  B．Women scientists.

B．Successful marriages.  D．Different prizes.

                                      C

Don’t always believe what scientists and other authorities tell you! Be skeptical! Think critically! That’s what I tell my students. Early in my career, I was a conventional science writer, easily impressed by scientists’ claims. But doubt gradually weakened my faith. Scientists and journalists, I realized, by continuously boasting scientific “advances”—from theories of cosmic (宇宙的) creation and the origin of life to the latest treatments for depression and cancer, made science seem more powerful and fast-moving than it really is. Now, I urge my students to doubt the claims of some scientists. This isn’t science anymore; I declare in class, it’s only science fiction with equations! To drive this point home, I assign articles by John Ioannidis, an epidemiologist who has exposed the weakness of most peer-reviewed research. In a 2005 study, he concluded that “most published research findings are false.”

So how do my students respond to my skeptical teaching? Some react with healthy pushback, especially to my suggestion that the era of really big scientific discoveries might be over. “On a scale from toddler knowledge to ultimate enlightenment, man’s understanding of the universe could be anywhere,” wrote a student named Matt. “How can a person say with certainty that everything is known or close to being known if it is incomparable to anything?”

Other students embrace skepticism to a degree that shocks me. Cecelia, a biomedical-engineering major, wrote: “I am skeptical of the methods used to collect data on climate change, the analysis of this data, and the predictions made based on this data.” Pondering (思索) the lesson that correlation does not equal causation, Steve questioned the foundations of scientific reasoning. “How do we know there is a cause for anything?” he asked.

In a similar way, some students echoed the claim of radical (激进的) postmodernists that we can never really know anything for certain, and hence that almost all our current theories will probably be overturned. Just as Aristotle’s physics gave way to Newton’s, which in turn yielded to Einstein’s, so our current theories of physics will surely be replaced by completely different ones.

After one especially harsh paper, I responded, “Whoa!” Science, I lectured sternly, has established many facts about reality beyond a reasonable doubt, embodied by quantum mechanics, general relativity, the theory of evolution, the genetic code. This knowledge has yielded applications—from vaccines to computer chips—that have transformed our world in countless ways. It is precisely because science is such a powerful mode of knowledge, I said, that you must treat new pronouncements skeptically, carefully distinguishing the genuine from the false. But you shouldn’t be so skeptical that you deny the possibility of achieving any knowledge at all.

My students listened politely, but I could see the doubt in their eyes. We professors have a duty to teach our students to be skeptical. But we also have to accept that, if we do our jobs well, their skepticism may turn on us.

8. Why was the author’s faith in science weakened?

A. Because some essays from his peer scholars cast strong doubt on science.

B. Because scientists often presented an overly optimistic picture of science.

C. Because he was tired of reading too much science fiction with equations.

  D. Because an academic figure claimed that most published research findings were false.

9. Which of the following responses to the author’s skeptical teaching?

A. Some doubted his suggestion of the limitation of scientific discoveries.

B. Some questioned the way of data collecting and scientific reasoning.

  C. Some launched harsh criticism against the author’s advocacy of skepticism.

D. Some claimed there was no certainty for any established theory.

10. What did the author think of his students’ responses?

A. He considered them as a display of their creativity.

B. He viewed them a must in order to understand the spirit of science.

 C. He treated them as an extreme application of skepticism.

 D. He regarded them as a kind of respect paid by students to their teacher.

11. Which might be the best title for this article?

A. When Teaching Critical Thinking Backfires

B. Skepticism Makes Teaching More Fun

C. No Doubt, No Science

D. Students Turn Out Better Than Teacher as NOT one of the students

C

The sea is home to billions of plants and animals. Many live only near the sunlit surface. Oceanographers classify marine living beings by separating them into two main groups：plants and animals.

There are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water. The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters. Since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean，most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants.

The most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton(浮游生物)．These are usually single­celled，minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean. To grow，phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight.

Marine animals are divided into three groups：zooplankton，nekton，and benthos. Zooplankton are drifting animals and are usually small, however, they can grow to fairly large size. For example, the jellyfish and the Portuguese man­of­war are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推进) themselves effectively.

Nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean belong to this class. Common fishes，the octopus，whales，eels and squid are all examples of nekton.

The third type of sea animals spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom. This group of marine animals is called the benthos. Some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.

12．The text mainly tells us something about ________.

A．marine plants and marine animals

B．two types of sea plants

C．three kinds of sea animals

D．small and big animals in the ocean

13．Why can’t we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?

A．Because there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean.

B．Because the rooted plants can’t stand the coldness of the ocean.

C．Because there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water.

D．Because the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots.

14．One of the characteristics of zooplankton is that ________.

A．they are small and never grow to large size

B．some of the zooplankton can’t swim effectively

C．they can swim freely in deep water of the ocean

D．they need more sunlight than other animals in the ocean

15．According to the last paragraph，we can conclude that ________.

A．benthos live on the surface of the ocean water

B．some of the benthos can’t live without the ocean floor

C．benthos spend most of their time swimming in the ocean

D．benthos can move about in the middle of the sea water

第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Work From Home

As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to forego (摒弃) the morning commute and office pantry footfall, remote work has become an increasingly easy and breathlessly practical option for many who seek it.___1___.

___2___. It’s a culmination (巅峰) of what I’ve learned along the way.

Don’t sleep where you work. Whether it’s a rented office space or a den converted (转换) into a home office or a cabin in the woods for that matter, find a space away from your bedroom to work.

___3___. “Having a consistent schedule and being kind of strict about it is really useful for drawing outlines around your time so that you can keep things balanced for both work and play,” said Jacqui Cheng, editor in chief of Wirecutter, and someone who’s worked from home full time for over 12 years.

Plan against distractions.___4___You can explain to your family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid interrupting unless it’s important.

Trying to mix work and free time runs the danger of never quite powering down or shutting off.___5___. Besides, your friends and family miss out on the time you would spend with them if you worked in an office instead of at home. Make sure to enforce your boundaries.

A. Get into your groove.

B. Set boundaries if you’re working at home.

C. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee

D. I can comfortably and productively contribute a solid day’s work from almost anywhere.

E. And it can lead to burnout and depression from feeling like you’re always on and available.

F. There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee.

G. Close your work chat programs and emails and consider yourself “out for the day,” and “home now.”

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It all began when 1 moved to Dallas in the fourth grade. I  41   that I was behind in my reading at Saint Michael's School. Reading out loud, I had difficulty with half the   42  . My teacher, Mrs. Agnew, said my reading comprehension and ability to  43   words was at a lower level than other fourth graders. She suggested that I be tested for dyslexia (阅读障碍). The test made me feel uncomfortable, and I was  44  to answer the questions, in fear of facing the  45  

The test results showed that I had developmental dyslexia. At first I felt discouraged by this diagnosis (诊断),   46   eventually, I became determined to   47   my disability. I got tutors and speech therapy. I would read difficult books, hoping to  48   the confidence I had in myself.

I had finally overcome my leaning disability. But even though I had conquered (征服) one of the biggest   49   in my life, I still felt like something was missing.

The missing link was  50   when I walked down the halls of the hospital as a  51   , the same hospital where I had once sat, nervous and confused. Because I felt so lucky to have got so much help from this facility, I wanted to  52  by helping patients here.

One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me to read a book to her. I read the book very  53   so that she could understand the story. When I left, the girl thanked me for reading to her. Eight years ago I would have  54   to read a book to this little girl, but now I was  55 . I had overcome my disability and was helping others to overcome theirs.

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分)

阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he   1   (ask) why he was able to succeed, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with   2   mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling (溢出) the milk all over the floor—a sea of milk! I got   3   (frighten) and I didn't know what to do！” he said.

Instead of   4   (punish) him, his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while. Then she said, “You know, we failed in how to   5   (successful) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny   6   (hand) just now. Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle   7  water to see if you can discover a way to carry it.”

This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he   8   (know) he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes   9   were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment “doesn't work”， we usually learn something   10   (value) from it.

1．        　2.        　3.        　4.           5．       

6.        　7.        　8.         9．        　10.       

第三部分　写作(共两节， 满分40分)

第一节 应用文写作 （满分15分)

假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：

1. 表示欢迎；2. 介绍活动安排；3. 表达祝愿。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear exchange students from New Zealand,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I was born and grew up in a small seaside town. In my childhood, I often played on the beach with my elder sister, chasing（追逐）the waves and enjoying the seaside scenery.

One sunny summer afternoon, my sister and I were playing on a big rock quite a distance from the beach. We were so happy that we didn't notice the water rising. When we decided to go back, we were shocked to find that the rock had almost been covered by water and there was no way back to the shore. Meanwhile, the wind blew harder and harder. We got into a panic, waving and shouting crazily towards the shore. Suddenly, I slipped（滑）and fell into the sea. My sister stretched out her hand to catch hold of me. However, she could not stay still, and slid off the rock into the sea, too.

"Help! Help!" We cried. I could feel my body tingling（酸麻）as I tried to breathe for air. I attempted to swim back to the rock, but the water was too deep and the waves were too strong. What made things worse was that the rough water made it almost impossible for anyone to hear our cries. Tears mixed with the water as I struggled in the sea. My sister, although using all her strength, wasn't able to pull me in. Instead, she was being pushed apart from me by the big waves. The two of us, scared to death, kept crying.

注意：1. 续写词数应为120左右；

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

Paragraph 1:

Luckily, two boys playing on the beach happened to see us.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Fortunately the two boys managed to find a lifeguard.

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