小升初语法专题讲练第17讲：动词（二）

这是一份小升初语法专题讲练第17讲：动词（二），共13页。
小升初语法第17讲：动词（二）
知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）

常见的容易混淆的行为动词辨析：（掌握）
(1) look—see—watch—read“看”辨析
看
辨析
例句


watch
强调“专注地看，仔细观看，注视”,有欣赏的意味，动作要持续一段时间，常用于看电视、看球赛等，也可以用于看电影，
如：watch a movie
Do you watch TV at night? 
你晚上看电视吗？
Tom likes watching football match.
汤姆喜欢看足球比赛。
He doesn’t like watching a movie.
他不喜欢看电影。

see
强调“看”的结果，指人肉眼所能涉及的范围，表示看的结果，意为“看见、看到”。
How many birds can you see in the tree?
在树上你能看到多少只鸟？
I can see a big horse in the picture.
在图片中我看到一匹大马。
固定搭配: 看电影 see a film
I want to go to see a film. 我想去看电影。


read
指阅读一类的“看”，与纸张类有关，如：看书read a book, read some books；看报read newspaper；看杂志read magazine；看小说read novel等。
I like reading books in the bed.
我喜欢在床上看书。
My father reads newspaper every morning.
我爸爸每天早上看报纸。
Jim always reads novel on Sunday.
周天吉姆一直在看小说。


look
 指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；与at连用后加看的对象，表示看的动作。
Look! Tom is over there. 看！汤姆在那儿。
Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。
Look at this picture carefully.认真看这张图片。
look 看起来…
（做系动词，后接形容词作表语）
He looks very handsome. 他看起来很英俊。
You look good. 你看起来不错。
✮ 总结：
watch 观看，仔细地看（电视、球赛、比赛、电影、戏等）；
see 及物动词，强调“看”的结果，意为“看到，看见”；
read 看纸张类阅读物书（报纸，杂志，小说，地图等）；
look ①不及物动词，单独使用，用以引起对方的注意；
②强调看的动作，与at连用后加看的对象；
③看起来….（系动词+形容词）
ü 记忆口诀: watch 观看see 结果look 动作read 纸张
【例题】He often ________ newspaper on Saturday.
A. sees    B. reads   C. watches    D. looks
【解析】考题考查近义词的辨析，找关键词newspaper，理解句意：看报纸，newspaper属纸张类，口诀read纸张，often可以推断出是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数后动词加s。答案：B
【强化训练】
用look, look at, see, watch, read填空。
1. Kangkang's sister a book in her room.
2. Please the blackboard, boys and girls.
3. What other things can you on the table?
4. ! What are they doing under the tree?
5. My brother and I are TV.
6. Are they a football game?
7. It's good to all my friends again.
8. Let me have a .
9. Lucy and Lily are twins. They the same.
10. I want to the doctor.



(2) say—speak—talk—tell“说”辨析

说
辨析
例句


speak
“讲话、发言、演说”
l 作不及物动词vi.通常指说话的能力和方式，后面跟人做宾语要加介词to；
l 作及物动词vt.时后面跟各种语言。
Can you speak French? 
你会说法语吗？
Who will speak at the meeting? 
谁将在会上发言？
This is Mary. Who is speaking? May I speak to John, please? 
我是马丽，你是谁？我能和约翰讲话吗？
(此句常用于打电话用语中）


say
l “说话”及物动词vt. 着重强调说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。
l 也可与to连用，say (sth.) to sb.意为“对某人说...”。
He often says "hello"to me with a smile.
他常笑着向我问好。
I can say it in English.
我能用英语说它。
He says to me,"I like my hometown.
他对我说：我喜欢我的家乡。
He said he would come to join us. 
他说他回来加入我们。


tell
“讲述，告诉”及物动词vt. 后面常跟双宾语或复合宾语结构。


--What did your mother tell you just now?
刚才你妈妈告诉你什么了？
--She told me not to ride a bike quickly.
她告诉我不要快骑自行车。
Please tell me something about yourself.
请告诉我关于你自己的一些事情。

高频考点：
tell sb.sth.“告诉某人某事”
tell sb. (not) to do“告诉某人（不）做某事”；tell the truth说实话；
tell a story讲故事；
tell the difference 讲区别


talk
“谈话、闲谈”不及物动词vi.，后面跟人的时候用介词with/to 等, 后面跟事情要用到介词about , 强调两个人之间的谈话。

They are talking on the phone.
他们正在电话中交谈。
My mother is talking with/to my teacher.
我妈妈正在和我的老师谈话。
What are they talking about?
他们正在谈论什么？

高频考点：talk with/ to sb.“与某人谈话”；talk about sth./sb.“谈论某物/某事/某人”；talk with/ to sb. about sth./sb.“与某人谈论某物/某事/某人”；
✮ 总结：
speak ①作Vi.指说话的能力和方式；speak + to +人；
②作Vt. + 语言；
say ①作Vt. + 名词/代词/宾语从句；
②say (sth.) to sb.意为“对某人说...”。
tell tell sb.sth.“告诉某人某事”
tell sb. (not) to do“告诉某人（不）做某事”；
tell tell the truth说实话；
tell a story讲故事；
tell the difference 讲区别
talk with/ to sb.“与某人谈话”；
talk talk about sth./sb.“谈论某物/某事/某人”；
talk with/ to sb. about sth./sb.“与某人谈论某物/某事/某人”；

【强化训练】
( )1. --Who is talking your father in the room? --My uncle.
A. with
B. at
C. about
D. in
( )2. Teachers often tell us in the river after school.
A. don't swim
B. not swim
C. not to swim
D. to not swim
( )3. My sister can a little English.
A. say
B. speak
C. talk
D. tell
( )4. They're about the football match now.
A. talking
B. telling
C. speaking
D. saying
( )5. Excuse me. Can you me the way to the post office?
A. say
B. speak
C. talk
D. tell
( )6. Can you it clearly?
A. say
B. speak
C. talk
D. tell

(3) borrow—lend—keep“借”辨析
借
辨析
例句

borrow
对主语而言是“借入”，指从别人那里借东西，常与介词from连用
I borrowed some books from my teacher.
我从我的老师那里借了一些书。
lend
对主语而言是“借出”，指借东西给别人，常与介词to连用
I lent some money to Li Ming.
我借给李明一些钱。

keep
keep，指借阅或保留多长时间，常接“for+一段时间”，对时间提问用how long
How long may I keep the book?
这本书我可以借多久？
You may keep it for two weeks.
你可以借阅两个星期。

【强化训练】
( )1.--Hi, Bob! I’m going to the zoo tomorrow. Could I ______ your camera?
--Sorry, I ______ it to Peter this morning.
A. borrow; lent
B. borrow; borrowed
C. lend; lent
D. lend; borrowed
( )2.--Can you _______ me your bike?    
--With pleasure. But you mustn’t ____ it to others.
A. lend, borrow
B. borrow, lend
C. lend, lend
D. borrow, borrow
( )3.Jack          a pen to Jim last night.
A. lends
B. lent
C. borrowed
D. borrows
( )4.--Could you _____ me your bike, Tom ?
-- OK. And you can _____ it for a week.
A. lend; keep
B. borrow; lend
C. lend; borrow
D. borrow; keep
( )5.--Can I _____Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao!
--Sure, it’s very interesting, but you can only _____ it for two weeks.
A. borrow; lend
B. lend; borrow
C. borrow; keep
D. lend; keep
( )6.--Could you please ________ me your notebook, Grace?
--Certainly. Here you are.
A. borrow
B. to borrow
C. lend
D. to lend
( )7.--How long may I ___________ these books?
--For a week.
A. borrow
B. to borrow
C. keep
D. lend
( )8.Although you like the book, you may only ______ it for two weeks.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. lend
D. stay
( )9.Could I __________ your bike. Mine is broken.
A. lend
B. give
C. borrow
D. take

(4) bring—take“带”辨析

bring和take都可以用来表达物体从一个地方移动到另一个地方。但是，take和bring到底应该怎么区别呢？选择bring和take取决于说话者所处的位置。
带
用法说明
例句
bring
bring 意为“带来，取来”，指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来。也可说成“由远及近”
Eddie brings me some books. 埃迪给我带来了几本书。
take
take  意为“带走，取走”， 表示把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去。也可说成“由近及远”， 经常和介词to搭配。
Take him to the hospital now.把他现在带到医院去。
如图：

【试一试】
( )1. Please          the photos to our classroom. Let us have a look.
A. bring B. take C. to bring D. to take
( )2.--Tom, you shouldn't            your cat to school.
--Sorry, Mr.Green. I won't do that again. (2015甘肃嘉峪关六中期中)
A. take B. bring C. give D. get
( )3. Don't forget to            your umbrella.
A. take B. bring C. give D. get
( )4. I'll            you home.
A. take B. bring C. give D. to take
(5) hear—listen—sound“听”辨析
动词 “hear”，“listen”和“sound” 都可以描述 “听” 这个动作，但它们的用法却不同，所以不能互换使用。哪个词可以表达 “听音乐” 的 “听”？哪个词的意思是 “听到声音”，哪个词的意思是“听着、听起来”?
听
用法说明
例句
listen
l listen做及物动词时，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作。
l listen用作不及物动词,后面需要加上介词to才能接人或物作宾语。
Listen! Who's there?
听！谁在那？
You should listen to your parents.
你应该听你父母的话。
hear
l hear可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词,意为“听见、听到”,但不一定是有意识地，往往强调听的结果。
l hear 作为感官动词，表示无意识地“听见”，一般不用于进行时态。但如果它表示一种有意识的动作(如指“倾听”“听取”等)，则可用于进行时态，此时 hear 与 listen to 基本同义，有时可互换。
l 注：互换的场合多为宾语表示报告、演讲、讲课、音乐会等的名词。

He heard something and woke up.
他听到了什么并起床了。

I can hear the air conditioning.
我可以听到空调的声音。

I can hear my boss calling me.
我能听到我的老板在叫我。

sound
sound指“听起来“，强调听的效果，往往后面要搭配形容词，即“听起来怎么样”
Sounds good.听起来不错。
✮ 总结：
“hear” 描述的是 “可以听到” 的能力，表示声音进入耳朵是无意识的动作，与这个人的意愿无关;
“listen” 强调有意识的 “去听，注意听”，或 “倾听”，后常接介词 “to”;
“sound” 可以表达 “听起来”，强调听的效果。
【强化训练】
( )1. --Let's go to the museum this weekend. --______good.
A. hears
B. listens
C. Sounds
( )2. _______! My sister is singing now.
A. Hear
B. Listen
C. Sound
( )3. Sorry. I can't________you. Would you please say it again?
A. hear
B. listen
C. sound
( )4. I like _______to Jay Chou’s songs very much. How about you?
A. hearing
B. listening
C. sounding
( )5. --Can you_______what he is saying? --Sorry, I can't.
A. hear
B. listen
C. sound
( )6. They are_______to the teacher carefully (认真地).
A. hearing
B. listen
C. listening
( )7. Listen! Can you_______the bird’s singing?
A. hear
B. hears
C. to hear
( )8. Lucy_____the teacher carefully every day, but today she can’t____anything.
A. listens to, to hear
B. hears, listens to
C. listens to, hear
  
(6) put on—wear—dress “穿”辨析

穿
用法说明
例句
put on
穿上；戴上，强调动作，宾语可为服装、鞋、帽、眼镜等。
高频考点：put on是动词加副词结构，宾语是人称代词时，必须放在put和on之间；反义短语为take off脱下（动词加副词结构）。
It's cold outside. Put on your coat, please./Here is your coat. Put it on, please.
It's too hot. He takes off his coat.
wear
wear穿；戴v. 强调状态, 宾语可为服装、鞋、帽、眼镜等。能用于进行时态。
She wears a white skirt today.=
She is wearing a white skirt today.
今天他穿着一件白色的裙子。
dress
dress 给…穿衣服(n.衣服, 连衣裙)表示穿的动作或状态，宾语通常是人。
高频考点：
①dress sb./oneself意为“给某人/某人自己穿衣服”；②dress up (as)意为“装扮(成)”
③dress up like“装扮得像”
She dressed his daughter and went out.
He dressed up as a tiger. 他装扮成一只老虎。
Mulan dressed up like a boy.木兰女扮男装。
【强化训练】
( )1. When Tom was 3 years old, he could herself.
A. wear
B. put on
C. dress
( )2. Most children are uniforms（校服） at school. 
A. dressing up
B. putting on
C. wearing
( )3. After hearing the news, he his coat and went out. 
A. wears
B. dressed
C. put on

(7) spend—take—cost—pay “花费”辨析

花费
用法说明
例句
spend
“spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.”某人花费时间或金钱做.....（主语是人、时间、金钱）
He spends 5 hours doing homework.
他花五个小时做作业。
take
“It takes sb. +时间+to do sth.”做某事花掉某人多少钱
It takes me 15 minutes to get to school.
我上学要花15分钟。
cost
“sth. cost sb. +金钱”某物花掉某人多少钱（主语是物）
The computer cost me 6000 yuan.
这个电脑花了我6000元。
pay
“sb. pay(钱) for sth.”某人为某物付多少钱（主语是人）
I paid 6000 yuan for the computer.
解题技巧
1. spend后跟doing或on sth.  
2. take后面跟to do.
3. cost主语为物。
4. pay for 为固定短语


【强化训练】
(      )1. I spent 199yuan my coat.
A. on
B. in
C. to
D. buy
(      )2. I spent two hours basketball.
A. play
B. to play
C. played
D. playing
(     )3. It took me two hours basketball.
A. play
B. to play
C. played
D. playing
(     )4. --How much did you on this book?
            --20yuan.
A. spend
B. pay
C. take
D. cost
(      )5.--How much did you for this book?
           --20yuan.
A. spend
B. pay
C. take
D. cost
(      )6.--How much did the book you?
           --20yuan.
A. spend
B. pay
C. take
D. cost
















参考答案
一、实义动词
【辨析1】1. reads 2. look at 3. see 4. Look 5. watching 6. watching 7.see
8. look 9. look 10. see
【辨析2】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A
【辨析3】1-5ACBAC 6-9ACBC
【辨析4】1. A 2.B 3.A
1.解析： 根据句意， 请把照片带到我们教室来，我们看一看。
本题为祈使句，排除C,D, 由远及近，选bring,所以本题选A.
2.解析根据句意，school是目的地，所以应该是由远及近，选bring, 本题选B.
【辨析5】1-5 CBABA 6-8 CAC
【辨析6】CDD
【辨析7】1-5 ADBAB 6. D
解析：
1.前面是spent,故后面用介词on sth. 选A
2. 前面是spent, 故后面用ing形式。选D
3. 前面是took,故后面用 to play. 故选B
4. 后面有on, 故前面用spend. 选A
5. 后面有for, 故前面用pay. 选B
6. 主语是book,是物，故用cost. 选D