中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点15 现在完成时

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

【讲通练透】考点15 现在完成时

常见考法：

对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。

现在完成时基本结构：

主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）

过去分词变化规则如下：

1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：

（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。

work→worked→worked  visit→visited→visited

（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　

live→lived→lived

（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。

study→studied→studied   cry→cried→cried

（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。

stop→stopped→stopped   drop→dropped→dropped

2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。

cut→cut→cut     it→hit→hit

现在完成时用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

注意：for和since的用法。

①for + 时间段 译为：……时间

②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)

③since + 时间段 + ago

④since + 从句(过去时)

⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)

注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　

come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　  finish→be over 　　

open→be open 　　    die→be dead 　　   buy→have 　　

Fall ill→be ill 　　    Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　

Worry→be worried 　　   Catch a cold→have a cold

现在完成时连用的时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。

1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：

We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。

从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。

2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：

I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。

3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：

How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？

The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.

那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？

The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.

迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等

现在完成时与一般过去时区别

1. 侧重点不同

现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：

I have seen the film.

我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）

I saw the film three days ago.

三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）

Mr Green has bought a new computer.

格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）

Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.

格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）

2. 时间状语不同

现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：

She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。

He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。

一、单项选择

1．In recent months, every corner of our neighbourhood ________ greatly.

A．are changing B．has changed C．had changed D．will change

2．Mr. Brown _________ in Beijing for ten years. He enjoys his life here.

A．lived B．has lived C．lives D．is living

3．—The air here is much fresher than before.

—Exactly! We ________ a lot of trees in the past few years.

A．planted B．were planting C．will plant D．have planted

4．Donald went to the US a month ago, and we ________ from him so far.

A．don’t hear B．didn’t hear C．haven’t heard D．wouldn’t hear

5．Like all Greeks, she ________ the legend of Odysseus since childhood.

A．knows B．knew C．has known D．will know

6．—How long ________ you ________ the book?

—For two years.

A．have; bought B．have; kept C．did; buy

7．—I wonder if you ________ this novel?

—Not yet. I will finish it if I ________ ten more days.

A．have finished reading; will be given B．have finished reading; am given

C．finished reading; gave D．finished reading; was given

8．Not only Bill’s parents but also Bill _______ the movie Avengers: Endgame. They all like it.

A．has watched B．have watched C．watch D．watches

9．The movie Chosin Lake(长津湖) is so wonderful that I _________ it twice so far.

A．see B．have seen C．will see D．saw

10．Nancy ________ me a lot with my English since last year.

A．will help B．is helping C．has helped D．helped

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

11．I ________ (not finish) my work yet, so I can’t have a rest.

12．I have ____ (choose) Australia.

13．Tom and Linda have been ________ (marry) for ten years, and they’ve never quarreled.

14．He has been to Beijing ____ (two).

15．I ________ (not, see) you since last month.

16．Our country ________（change）a lot since the CPC was founded 100 years ago.

17．What a pity! The cat ____ (die) for a couple of hours.

18．His grandfather ______ (die) for nearly 10 years.

19．I have __________ (check) your answers, and only two of them are right.

20．Alice has never ____ (see) an adventure movie.

1. （2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink?

—No, thanks. I _____ some tea already.

A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink

2. （2021·广西玉林市·中考真题）—Hey! Kate, what about your last winter camp in Hainan?

—Oh! It _____ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months.

A．leaves B．is leaving C．has left D．will leave

3. （2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）It _____ 100 years since the Communist Party _____ .

A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded

C．has been; founded D．was; founded

4. （2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I _____ this bike for three years. I like it so much.

A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had

5. （2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Mum, where is David?

— He _____ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.

A．is going B．goes C．has gone D．was going

6. （2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）—Jack, how do you like the new movie Hi, Mom! directed（导演） by Jia Ling?

—Well, it’s really a funny movie. I _____ it for three times.

A．am watching B．will watch C．have watched

7. （2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) _____ in many other countries.

A．have arrived B．arrived C．will arrive D．had arrived

8. （2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it?

—On my 18th birthday. I _____ it for 6 years.

A．bought B．will have C．have had D．have bought

9. （2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why are you in such a hurry?

—Because the class _____ for 10 minutes.

A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins

10. （2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it?

— No, I didn’t. I think you _____ it!

A．lose B．will lose C．have lost D．are losing

11. （2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）China ______ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.

A．makes B．made C．has made D．is made

12. （2021·北京）Mr. Smith _____ Chinese for two years.  He’s much better at it now.

A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn

13. （2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it ________ to the world.

A．was known B．is known C．has been known D．knows

1．（2021·四川·成都市树德实验中学三模）In the past 70 years, China ________ historic changes and made great achievements.

A．had experienced B．experienced C．has experienced

2．（2021·河北路南·三模）Diana can’t go to the farm with her classmates because she ______ a bad cold.

A．will catch B．is catching C．is caught D．has caught

3．（2021·湖北硚口·模拟预测）—What good books did you read recently?

—I ________ Learn English Tell China’s Stories since last year, and now the third time.

A．had read B．have read C．am reading D．read

4．（2021·福建惠安·二模）—Mum, I want to watch the news on CCTV-1. Change the channel, please!

—What a pity! It __________ for a while.

A．has been over B．was over C．has finished

5．（2021·山东蒙阴·二模）Not only Bill’s parents but also Bill ______ stamps for two years. They’re all interested in it.

A．has collected B．collected C．will collect

6．（2021·河北路北·三模）—Look! My mother ________ a new dress for me.   

—Wow, it looks very nice on you.

A．will make B．has made C．is making D．makes

7．（2021·四川五通桥·二模）—It’s the second time I came to Chengdu. It _________ a lot.

—Yes, it’s more and more beautiful.

A．was changing B．has changed C．will change

8．（2021·四川沙湾·二模）— ________ Jim come back?

— Not yet. He ________ in Shanghai for over a week.

A．Does; is B．Did; was C．Has; has been

9．（2021·河北路南·二模）Our teacher is pleased that we _________ the work on time.

A．will finish B．finished C．are finishing D．have finished

10．（2021·辽宁大东·二模）We ______ to Max about the picnic already. He’ll bring some drinks.

A．speak B．spoke C．are speaking D．have spoken

11．（2021·山东历城·二模）—Jeff, how long have you _______?

—For two years. I have owned it since my twelfth birthday.

A．had the watch B．got the ring

C．borrowed the book D．bought the bag

12．（2021·四川沐川·二模）It's nice to see you again. We _________ each other since 2018.

A．didn't see B．don't see C．haven't seen

13．（2021·四川沐川·二模）Mr. White moved to Beijing in 2013. So far, he _________ here for 8 years.

A．lives B．lived C．has lived

14．（2021·四川峨眉山·二模）— The air here is much fresher than before.

— Exactly! We ________ a lot of tress in the past few years.

A．planted B．were planting C．have planted

15．（2021·黑龙江建华·二模）—Do you still play basketball?

—Oh, no. I          it for the last two years.

A．didn’t play B．hadn’t play C．haven’t play

16．（2021·湖北洪山·一模）—Where is Betty? I talked with her about Chinese study the other day.

—Don’t you know? She ________ to China to study further for the second time.

A．went B．has been C．has gone D．had gone

17．（2021·江苏通州·一模）—Nick, you seem in a low mood. What’s wrong?

—I ________ a bad cold for three days.

A．had B．caught C．have had D．have caught

18．（2021·江苏淮安·二模）—Helen, Is Ng Man Tat (吴孟达) your favourite film star?

—Yes. But it’s a pity that he ________ for several weeks.

A．died B．dies C．has died D．has been dead