Unit 8 Green Living Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots—2022-2023学年高一英语北师版（2019）必修第三册同步课时训练

Unit 8 Green Living Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots—2022-2023学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册同步课时训练

一、填空

1.I can't leave such an important matter _____(finish).

2.Why bother _____(go) abroad, when there are so many nice places here at home?

3.Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green _____(shoot) started to appear.

4.Try to stop the children from _____(fight).

5.You must remember that prices _____(various) from store to store and from time to time.

6.You'd better keep a _____(balance) diet for the benefit of your health.

7.Most of our goods _____(transport) by sea.

8.Building an idea of a ______ (share) future will take a long time.

9.Ray was getting very bored and ______ (bother) about the idea that he might lost his job.

10.Don't leave the tap _______ (run) while you wash the vegetables.

二、七选五

In the animal kingdom, parents adopt babies that aren't their own, and even other species. Why do they do it?

For foster(领养) parents, there are huge costs, with no promise of passing on genes. ①________, because it seems to be wholly altruistic(利他主义的). But this makes it especially confusing in animals, who do not have the cultural influences we do.

One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is AnoNuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. ②_______

From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It's a crowed beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year were separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently.

The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly, some adult seals were likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing, all the foster parents were female. ③______ Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why might this be? One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on.

Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation(排卵). ④_______

Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. ⑤_______ the motivation towards care may be so great that they redirect their attention onto other unrelated little animals.

A. Considering the absence of their own young

B. Scientists have long been interested in adoption

C. Once a year, it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth

D. Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family

E. That's unsurprising, for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse

F. In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season

G. Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger

三、阅读理解

Social distancing is not a new concept in the natural world, where infectious diseases are commonplace. Through specialized senses animals can detect certain diseases and change their behavior to avoid getting ill.

In 1966, while studying chimps(猩猩) in a Tanzanian national park, zoologist Jane Goodall observed a chimp named McGregor who had caught a highly infectious virus. His fellow chimps attacked him and threw him out of the group. In one instance, McGregor approached chimps in a tree. He reached out a hand in greeting, but the others moved away without a backward glance.

"For a full two minutes, old McGregor sat motionless, staring after them," Goodall notes in her 1971 book In the Shadow of Man. "It's really not that different to how some societies react today to such a tragedy."

Not all animals are so aggressive toward their sick neighbors. Sometimes it's as simple as avoiding those who may infect you.

When Kiesecker, a lead scientist in America, studied American bullfrog in the late 1990s, he found that bullfrogs could not only detect a deadly smell of infection in other bullfrogs, but healthy members actively avoided those that were sick. Bullfrogs rely on chemicals signals to determine who is sick or not.

Caribbean lobsters(龙虾) also avoid diseased members of their community, well before they become infectious. It takes about eight weeks for lobsters infected with the deadly virus to become dangerous to others. Normally social animals, lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection — once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals.

"Overall, it's important to note that, unlike us, animals don't realize if they stay home, they might actually reduce the infection rate," Kiesecker explains. "As humans, we have that ability. It's a big difference."

1.Why did other chimps attack McGregor?

A. He was a loner.  B. He got seriously ill.

C. He may cause the group ill. D. He hurt other chimps first.

2.How did Goodall feel when seeing McGregor's result?

A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Sympathetic.

3.How long will the healthy Caribbean lobsters stay with the diseased ones?

A. About a month.  B. About eight weeks.

C. About four days.  D. Fewer than four weeks.

4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Social Distancing in Nature

B. Carrying out Social Distancing

C. Puzzling Social Distancing in Chimps

D. Social Distancing between Human and Animals

答案以及解析

一、填空

1.答案：unfinished

2.答案：to go

3.答案：shoots

4.答案：fighting

5.答案：vary

6.答案：balanced

7.答案：were transported

8.答案：shared

9.答案：bothered

10.答案：running

二、七选五

答案：①-⑤ BCEFA

解析：这是一篇说明文。介绍了自然界中动物王国中的父母会收养不是自己的婴儿，甚至是其他物种的婴儿，科学家们对这一现象很感兴趣。

①根据上一句"For foster(领养) parents, there are huge costs, with no promise of passing on genes.(对于养父母来说，需付出巨大的成本，而且没有传递基因的希望)"可知，人们会觉得奇怪，动物父母收养别人的孩子，自己没有任何获益，与空后部分"because it seems to be wholly altruistic.(因为它似乎完全是利他的)"意义一致，动物养父母为什么会收养别人孩子，这看似奇怪，所以科学家会对此迷感兴趣，从后文第四段至第六段科学家们对此做了探究。B项意为：科学家们一直对收养感兴趣，符合上下文。故选B。

②根据上一句"One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is AnoNuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast.(动物王国中最引人注目的收养地之一是AnoNuevo岛，它从海上升起，离岩石嶙峋的加利福尼亚海岸不到一公里)"可知，科学家要探究动物收养问题，需要找到一个合适的发生这种现象的地方，并根据下一段首句"From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening.(从1976年开始，科学家玛丽安·里德曼(Marianne Riedman)研究了海豹之间的收养行为以及为什么会发生这种情况)"中出现的 the seals可知，在上一句中应提到这个岛上有海豹出生。故选C。

③根据上一句"For one thing, all the foster parents were female.(首先，所有的养父母都是雌性)"，可知，收养别人家海豹的都是雌性海豹，接下来就会解释这个现象，E项内容：这并不奇怪，因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是需要喂奶，符合语境，解释了一个原因，失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找母性海豹寻求关爱；及下文"Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child.(然而，在雌性海豹中，最常见的寄养海豹是一个失去了自己孩子的母亲)"这又是另一层原因，失去自己孩子的母海豹产奶可以为别的海豹哺乳，有利于自己以后的繁殖，所以E项契合上下文。故选E。

④根据上一句"Regular nursing may cause them to give(定期的哺乳可能会使她们排卵)"可知，这提到失去孩子的母海豹喂养别的海豹的一个好处，F项内容：反过来，这会使雌海豹更有可能在下一个季节生下自己的孩子，符合语境，"it"指代"ovulation"，排卵使她们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。故选F。

⑤该空后，句首字母没大写，可知，该空应该是和后面部分"the motivation towards care may be so great that they redirect their attention onto other unrelated little animals.(关爱的动机可能是如此强烈，以至于它们将注意力转移到其他不相关的小动物身上)"为同一个句子，A项Considering the absence of their own young(考虑到它们没有自己的幼崽)，这是一个非谓语结构，是空后句子的原因状语，语意完整通顺，自己的孩子找不到了去哺喂别的孩子，母性使然。故选A。

三、阅读理解

1.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句"In 1966, while studying chimps(猩猩) in a Tanzanian national park, zoologist Jane Goodall observed a chimp named McGregor who had caught a highly infectious virus. His fellow chimps attacked him and threw him out of the group.(1966年，动物学家珍·古道尔在坦桑尼亚国家公园研究黑猩猩时，观察到一只名叫麦格雷戈的黑猩猩感染了一种高度传染性的病毒。他的黑猩猩同伴攻击他，把他扔出了黑猩猩群)"可推知，猩猩们攻击McGregor是因为它可能会导致整个群体生病。故选C。

2.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段" "For a full two minutes, old McGregor sat motionless, staring after them," Goodall notes in her 1971 book In the Shadow of Man. "It's really not that different to how some societies react today to such a tragedy."("老McGregor一动不动地坐了整整两分钟, 盯着它们的背影，"Goodall在她1971年出版的In the shadow of Man一书中写道。" 这和如今一些社会群体对这样的悲剧的反应没有什么不同。")"可推知，当看到McGregor的结局时，Goodall对此感到同情。故选D。

3.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句"Normally social animals, lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection — once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals.(可知, 龙虾通常是群居动物，一旦它们闻到生病的龙虾释放出的特定化学物质，会在生病的龙虾感染四周后尽可能早地开始远离它)"可知，健康的加勒比龙虾会和生病的龙虾在一起待约一个月的时间。故选A。

4.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句"Social distancing is not a new concept in the natural world, where infectious diseases are commonplace.(在传染病屡见不鲜的自然界，保持社交距离并不是一个新概念)"可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中动物保持社交距离的现象。由此可知，A项最适合作本文标题。故选A。