专题18 科学家-备战中考英语完形填空话题分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)

这是一份专题18 科学家-备战中考英语完形填空话题分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)，共25页。

备战2023中考英语完形填空热点话题分类训练
(中考模拟真题+名校最新真题)
专题18 科学家
（2022·黑龙江·肇东市第十一中学校三模）Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist and educator, died at the age of 91 in Hunan last month. He was called the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)” and he helped ___1___ people around the world.
Yuan Longping was the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice which helped fight __2__ in China. Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world’s population, but only 7 percent of its ___3___. In the 1960s, Chinese people had a difficult time. Millions of people died because they had no food. As an agronomy teacher, Yuan was very ___4___ to see this. “How can I help them have enough food?” he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice. It has a high output(产量).
At that time, other scientists didn’t think hybrid rice was worth ___5___. But Yuan and his team worked on it every day. They took very good care of their rice seeds.
At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This seed is ___6___. Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and in bad ___7___. It can also fight disease. Its output was much ___8___ than common kinds of rice. With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year!
Yuan solved the food problem in China. But he was ___9___ working on rice when he was very old. Before he retired, he hoped to grow rice in the sea!
Yuan once said he had two dreams — to “enjoy the ___10___ under the rice crops(庄稼) taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem.
1．A．support B．guard C．feed
2．A．flood B．hunger C．earthquake
3．A．farmland B．mountains C．grassland
4．A．angry B．interested C．sad
5．A．discussing B．studying C．eating
6．A．expensive B．new C．strong
7．A．sea B．villages C．weather
8．A．greater B．smaller C．less
9．A．still B．again C．hardly
10．A．heat B．cool C．wealth
（2022·安徽合肥·二模）Once, Einstein finished a speech in a university, where the large classroom was full of teachers and students. ____11____ his speech, the listeners started to ask questions.
A girl ____12____ and asked, “You’re known as a giant (巨人) of science. Do you think you’re a giant? ”
Einstein said with a smile, “A giant is a person who is ____13____ in height. You see I’m so small, how can I be a giant? Maybe I see a bit ____14____, only because I stand higher! ”
Then a boy asked, “You said you stand higher than others. It makes me think of a long ____15____ you had with a lady on the peak (山峰) of the Alps. I don’t want to ask what you talked, but I want to know whether you realized you have been a peak in the history of ____16____ when you stood on the peak. ”
Looking at the boy ____17____, Einstein answered, “My height can’t be a peak, and there is no peak that we can’t reach ____18____! ”
Then, he took up a piece of chalk and ____19____ on the blackboard, “Standing on the peak, you are not tall.”
He then ____20____ the listeners and said, “Finally, I can tell you a sentence that I told the lady on the peak of the Alps: Any peak can be reached.”
11．A．Before B．After C．During D．In
12．A．cut in B．showed off C．got up D．lay down
13．A．strong B．weak C．tall D．short
14．A．deeper B．farther C．higher D．faster
15．A．history B．way C．talk D．journey
16．A．art B．language C．business D．science
17．A．carefully B．impatiently C．strictly D．angrily
18．A．tree B．step C．top D．tower
19．A．drew B．wrote C．knocked D．recorded
20．A．thanked B．warned C．faced D．helped
（2022·江苏泰州·三模）
Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician. He once said that if he hadn’t been a scientist, he would have been a ____21____. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me,” he said. “I get most____22____ in life out of music.”
Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist who____23____ music to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the ____24____at the age of six, however, he worked hard until he____25____ the joys of Mozart’s sonatas at the age of 13. From that____26____ on, although he had no further lessons, his violin ____27____ his companion.
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have ____28____much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music ____29____ in the school, the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the ____30____felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great ____31____ in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, ____32____, loved to improvise（即兴创作）.
In late life, Einstein’s reputation(声誉) as a physicist often led to ____33____ to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the____34____ of the violinist Einstein that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Janos Plesch,who wrote “There are many musicians with much____35____ skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”
21．A．physician B．musician C．politician D．reporter
22．A．joy B．money C．idea D．energy
23．A．played B．sent C．create D．brought
24．A．violin B．piano C．knowledge D．game
25．A．loved B．tracked C．discovered D．confirmed
26．A．location B．space C．access D．point
27．A．turned B．remained C．appeared D．seemed
28．A．devoted B．spent C．lost D．wasted
29．A．performance B．presentation C．exhibition D．examination
30．A．hardly B．deeply C．carelessly D．honestly
31．A．skill B．patience C．care D．courage
32．A．after all B．in particular C．in general D．by accident
33．A．contributions B．applications C．invitations D．prizes
34．A．reaction B．results C．conclusion D．instruction
35．A．broader B．funnier C．wilder D．better
（2022·江苏苏州·二模）Imagine yourself under the cool shade of an apple tree. Your mind and body relax as you sit quietly, thinking. ____36____, an apple falls from the tree, narrowly (勉强地) missing your head. Most of us would be ____37____ that the apple did not hit us. And that would be the ____38____ of it. But sometimes, an ordinary happening can lead to extraordinary (不同寻常的) results. Such was the case in the 17th century. Isaac Newton spent his life working out many laws of physics. He wanted to ____39____ how things worked. For him, the world was his laboratory in those early days of ____40____. One lucky day, as he was sitting in his study at his mother’s country home, he looked out ___41___ the yard. The apple trees there were filled with red apples. ____42____ he sat there thinking, he noticed an apple falling from the tree. When he watched the apple hit the ground, he asked himself some ____43____ questions: Why did that apple fall straight down? Why did it not fall sideways? Why did it not fall up, towards the sky?
With these simple questions, Newton discovered gravity. More correctly, he discovered ____44____ gravity works.Scientists could understand why the moon was held in orbit (轨道) around the earth. Gravity _____45_____ why people did not fall off the face of the earth.
Imagine if Newton had watched that apple falling, and thought nothing more than,“Oh yes, just another apple falling from a tree!”
36．A．Luckily B．Suddenly C．Sadly D．Quietly
37．A．careful B．hopeful C．doubtful D．thankful
38．A．end B．beginning C．result D．truth
39．A．put out B．take out C．find out D．carry out
40．A．science B．art C．literature D．language
41．A．off B．over C．from D．down
42．A．Before B．After C．As D．Until
43．A．strange B．difficult C．simple D．silly
44．A．how B．what C．when D．where
45．A．expressed B．expected C．explored D．explained
（2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校二模）
You could see mountains, craters and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope（望远镜）. Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope. He is ____46____ as the farther of modern science. Galileo was great not only for his ____47____, but for the scientific methods he developed.
Galileo did not invent the telescope. It was first made by a Dutchman in 1608 and later Galileo ____48____ the design. So he was able to study the stars and planets ____49____. Some people call him the first astronomer（天文学家）. His telescope made things appear larger by much more times.
As he studied the sky, Galileo ____50____ that the planets circle around the sun. He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove details of this fact. People of that time believed that the Earth was the ____51____ of the universe（宇宙）and everything in space moved around the Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government for saying that what they believed was ____52____. He had to take back what he said, or he would be in prison.
Galileo’s work went ____53____ an astronomer. He was an inventor as well. He made the first thermometer（温度计）. His thermometer didn’t tell the temperatures exactly, ____54____ it could show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature.
Galileo thought about the world in a ____55____ way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or test out their ideas. He is one of the first real scientists.
46．A．realized B．designed C．considered D．encouraged
47．A．dreams B．introductions C．discoveries D．instructions
48．A．recorded B．improved C．presented D．translated
49．A．calmly B．closely C．nearly D．gently
50．A．proved B．hoped C．promised D．imagined
51．A．part B．corner C．surface D．centre
52．A．true B．useful C．wrong D．common
53．A．after B．across C．through D．beyond
54．A．so B．and C．but D．since
55．A．new B．usual C．narrow D．difficult
（2022·广东·中山一中一模）When Einstein was young, he failed in several exams because he often played with some bad kids. On a Sunday morning, Einstein wanted to go fishing with ____56____ kids. His father stopped him and said, “Einstein, you were spending too much time ____57____. I’m worried about your future.”
“What are you worrying about? Jack and Robert also failed in the exam; ____58____ they went fishing as usual.”
“My boy, I have ____59____ story for you. I hope you can listen to it carefully.”
“There ____60____ two cats on the roof. Suddenly, they fell into the chimney (烟囱). ____61____ they climbed out of the chimney; one cat’s face was dirty while the other cat’s face was clean. Seeing the dirty-faced cat, the clean-faced one thought its own face was ____62____ dirty, so it quickly ran to the riverside and washed its face. The dirty-faced cat saw the clean-faced one, thinking its own face was clean as well, so it walked ____63____ in the street. You can imagine what happened later.”
“Einstein, it is possible ____64____ anybody to be your mirror (镜子). Some kids are not strict with _____65_____. You may become stupid if you take them as your mirror.” Hearing this, Einstein put down his fishing net and returned to his room.
1,000 people have 1,000 kinds of wishes in life. You can learn from other people, but you _____66_____ not follow them totally. You must see yourself clearly and know _____67_____ you want to get. In this way you can achieve your success.
56．A．another B．the others C．others D．other
57．A．to play B．play C．playing D．played
58．A．so B．but C．because D．or
59．A．a B．an C．the D．/
60．A．were B．are C．had D．have
61．A．When B．Unless C．Although D．Before
62．A．too B．either C．neither D．also
63．A．happy B．happier C．happily D．happiness
64．A．by B．for C．to D．with
65．A．they B．them C．themselves D．theirs
66．A．must B．dare C．should D．may
67．A．why B．what C．that D．when
（2021·广东·珠海市拱北中学一模）Newton was once praised for discovering the Theory of Gravity (万有引力). He said he succeeded because he “stood on the shoulders of giants”. In other words, his work was built on the efforts of ____68____ who have lived before him. This is true for science. In fact, it is also true for society. All progress ____69____ from the new generations (一代人), building on the efforts of the older people.
New China was founded 70 years ago because of the efforts of many giants. Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and many others built the basic. And each generation that followed these giants has continued to ____70____ the country. However, the past success doesn’t mean the future success. It is going to be up to your generation to make sure that China keeps ____71____. If you are ____72____, China will be strong. If you are great, China will be great. And if you work hard to win, China will win ____73____!
Luckily, you have many role models ____74____ to learn from. As for me, I admire Song Qingling most. She was ____75____ in America and spoke perfect English. She lived a rich life there, but she decided to return to China and devoted her life to help ____76____, who called her “Mum” in return. There is a show about her life now at Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center. You can visit it until October 15. Song Qingling was truly a giant. You can stand on her _____77_____ to help the children and build a better future.
68．A．speakers B．scientists C．doctors D．engineers
69．A．learns B．goes C．comes D．belongs
70．A．love B．celebrate C．create D．build
71．A．looking around B．moving forward C．putting down D．making up
72．A．young B．lovely C．strong D．quick
73．A．differently B．surely C．hardly D．bravely
74．A．in the past B．at present C．in the future D．all the time
75．A．studied B．stayed C．grown D．educated
76．A．the poor B．the rich C．the young D．the old
77．A．feet B．hands C．shoulders D．head
（2022·广东·秀全中学九年级期中）As the saying goes, “A hero is known in the time of misfortune (不幸)”. Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this. He is a doctor in Guangdong, who ___78___ many people’s lives in 2003.
In 2003, SARS ___79___ in Guangdong. Later, it spread across China and other parts of the world. Patients coughed a lot and got fevers. Hundreds of ___80___ even died from the disease.
Even many doctors and nurses got SARS when they treated patients, so everyone was afraid of it. But Zhong was ___81___ enough to fight against the disease. Zhong spent days and nights finding the cause of the ___82___. And with his way of treating, many patients began to get better. Zhong finally won people’s trust.
In early 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) hit Wuhan. It spread ___83___ around the country. Tens of thousands of Chinese people were infected (感染). Zhong, 84, led his team to Wuhan to fight against the illness. Zhong’s team took many measures to ___84___ the patients infected by the Novel Coronavirus. He advised people to wear masks, ___85___ hands more often, stay at home and not to go to crowed places.
Zhong likes sports very much. ___86___ he was 67, he could still play basketball. Now at the age of 84, Zhong still treats patients in the hospital and ___87___ young doctors. “I am just a doctor.” Zhong says. But we think he is a hero and a fighter.
78．A．helped B．saved C．liked D．influenced
79．A．took out B．found out C．gave out D．broke out
80．A．patients B．doctors C．animals D．plants
81．A．kind B．poor C．brave D．silent
82．A．patient B．flood C．disease D．pollution
83．A．quickly B．slowly C．safely D．luckily
84．A．protect B．save C．warn D．harm
85．A．wave B．pollute C．shake D．wash
86．A．When B．Although C．Unless D．Because
87．A．requires B．trusts C．teaches D．asks

参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．C
7．C
8．A
9．A
10．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平在农业上对国家和人民做出的贡献。
1．句意：他被称为“杂交水稻之父”，他帮助养活了世界各地的人们。support支持；guard守卫；feed喂养；根据常识，他发明的杂交水稻，养活了许多人，避免了饥饿的问题，故选C。
2．句意：袁隆平是第一个培育杂交水稻的人，这种杂交水稻帮助中国对抗饥饿。flood洪水；hunger饥饿；earthquake地震；根据“develop a kind of hybrid rice”可知，这种食物是可以抵抗饥饿，故选B。
3．句意：但只有7%的农田。farmland农田；mountains山；grassland草原；根据“Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world’s population”可知，在过去中国食物是一个大问题，人口多，农田少，故选A。
4．句意：作为一名农学教师，袁隆平看到这一幕非常难过。angry生气的；interested感兴趣的；sad难过的；根据“Millions of people died because they had no food”可知，看到这么多人死于饥饿，他感到难过，故选C。
5．句意：当时，其他科学家认为杂交水稻不值得研究。discussing讨论；studying研究；eating吃；根据“But Yuan and his team worked on it every day.”可知，其他人觉得不值得研究，而袁隆平每天和团队每天都在研究，故选B。
6．句意：这颗种子很强壮。expensive昂贵的；new新的；strong坚强的；根据“Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland”可知，这种水稻生命力很顽强，故选C。
7．句意：农民可以在许多不同种类的农田和恶劣的天气中种植它。sea大海；villages村庄；weather天气；根据“This seed is...Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and in bad”以及“It can also fight disease.”可知，此处指在恶劣的天气中，故选C。
8．句意：它的产量远远高于普通品种的水稻。greater更大的；smaller更小的；less更少的；根据“With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year!”可知，它的产量比普通的水稻要大的多，故选A。
9．句意：但当他很老的时候，他还在从事研究水稻的工作。still仍然；again再；hardly几乎不；根据“Yuan solved the food problem in China.”及“But”可知，虽然他已经解决了食物问题，但他还仍然在做研究水稻的工作，故选A。
10．句意：袁隆平曾有两个梦想——享受比人高的稻谷下的清凉。heat高温；cool凉快；wealth财富；根据“under the rice crops(庄稼) taller than men”可知，在高高的稻谷下享受清凉，故选B。
11．B
12．C
13．C
14．B
15．C
16．D
17．A
18．C
19．B
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是篇记叙文。主要讲爱因斯塔在一所大学演讲后，回答学生问题时与学生间的对话。
11．
句意：在演讲之后，听众开始提问。
Before在……之前；After 在……之后；During在……期间；In在……时间内，在……里面。根据后文“the listeners started to ask questions.”可知，是在演讲后听众提问。故选B。
12．
句意：有个女孩起身问：“你被誉为科学巨人，你认为你是巨人吗？”
cut in插嘴，插入；showed off炫耀；got up 起立，起床；lay down躺下。根据后面的“ask”可知，她在提问，所以应该是“起立，起身”。故选C。
13．
句意：巨人是身高很高的人。
strong强壮的；weak弱的；tall高的；short短的，矮的。根据“A giant is a person who is…in height.”可知，这里是在解释“巨人”的意思，巨人是身高很高的。故选C。
14．
句意：可能是我看得比较远，仅仅因为我站得高。
deeper更深；farther更远；higher更高；faster更快。根据后文“only because I stand higher!”可知，这里说“站得高”，根据常识可知，前面“看得”就会“更远”。故选B。
15．
句意：这让我想到你和一个妇人在阿尔卑斯山山峰的漫长对话。
history历史；way方式，道路；talk谈话；journey旅程，旅行。根据后文“ I don’t want to ask what you talked…”可知，可判断男孩在前文想到的就是爱因斯坦与一个妇人在阿尔卑斯山山峰的“谈话”。故选C。
16．
句意：我不想问谈话的内容，但我想知道当你站在山顶，你是否意识到你已经在科学史的顶峰。
art艺术；language语言；business商业；science科学。根据前文“You’re known as a giant (巨人) of science. ”可知，爱因斯坦是科学界的巨人，因此这里说的是“科学历史上的顶峰”。故选D。
17．
句意：爱因斯坦认真看着男孩，回答道：“我的身高不可能是顶峰，而且没有我们不能到达的顶峰。”
carefully认真地；impatiently不耐烦地；strictly严格地；angrily生气地。根据后文描述“My height can’t be a peak, and there is no peak that we can’t reach...”可知，爱因斯坦说得是科学道理。因此他是很“认真地”看着男孩然后回答的。故选A。
18．
句意：爱因斯坦认真看着男孩，回答道：“我的身高不可能是顶峰，而且没有我们不能到达的顶峰。”
tree树；step台阶；top顶；tower塔。根据后文“Any peak can be reached”可知，任何顶峰我们都能到。所以这里是没有顶峰到不了的，故选C。
19．
句意：然后，他拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写到。
drew画；wrote写；knocked敲；recorded记录。根据前面的“he took up a piece of chalk”及后文“Standing on the peak, you are not tall”可知，他是用粉笔写在黑板上。故选B。
20．
句意：然后他面向听众说：“最后，我可以告诉你们我在阿尔卑斯山顶和妇人说的话是“任何顶峰我们都能到达。”
thanked感谢；warned提醒；faced面对；helped帮助。根据前文“Then, he took up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard, “Standing on the peak, you are not tall.”可知，黑板写的时候是背对着听众的，最后说的时候应该是面对听众。故选C。
21．
22．
23．B
24．A
25．D
26．A
27．C
28．D
29．B
30．A
31．D
32．B
33．A
34．B
35．C
【小题16】C
【小题17】D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名物理学家爱因斯坦对音乐的热爱与投入。
21．
句意：他有一次说过，如果他没有成为科学家他将会成为一名音乐家。
physician医生；musician音乐家；politician政客；reporter记者。根据“but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician.”可知，他也是一个很有天赋的音乐家，所以他不做科学家就会做音乐家，故选B。
22．
句意：我生活中最大的乐趣来自音乐。
joy快乐；money钱；idea灵感；energy能量。根据“Life without playing music is unthinkable for me”和“the joys of Mozart’s sonatas”可知，音乐给他的生活带来了最大的乐趣，故选A。
23．
句意：爱因斯坦的母亲是一位才华横溢的钢琴家，她把音乐带入了家中。
played玩耍；sent发送；create创造；brought带来。根据“Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist”可知，爱因斯坦的母音是位钢琴家把音乐带入了他们的家，故选D。
24．
句意：爱因斯坦6岁时开始学小提琴。
violin小提琴；piano钢琴；knowledge知识；game游戏。根据“his violin”可知，爱因斯坦6岁就开始学习小提琴，故选A。
25．
句意：但是，他在13岁时才发现了莫扎特奏鸣曲的乐趣。
loved爱；tracked追踪；discovered发现；confirmed证实。根据“the joys of Mozart’s sonatas”可知，结合语境，应该是发现了音乐中的乐趣，故选C。
26．
句意：从那时起，尽管他没有再上什么课，他的小提琴仍然是他的伙伴。
location位置；space空间；access访问；point点。根据“at the age of 13”可知，应该是从13岁爱因斯坦发现音乐的乐趣那一刻起，故选D。
27．
句意：从那时起，尽管他没有再上什么课，他的小提琴仍然是他的伙伴。
turned转身；remained仍然；appeared出现；seemed似乎。根据“although he had no further lessons”可知，两句之间是转折关系，尽管他不上课了，但是小提琴仍然是他的伙伴。故选B。
28．
句意：1895年，爱因斯坦搬到瑞士的阿劳完成学业，他似乎把大量的时间都花在了音乐上。
devoted投入；spent花费；lost丢失；wasted浪费。根据“much of his time to music.”可知，该句表示“把大量时间投入到音乐上”，devote to“把……投入……”故选A。
29．
句意：就在他17岁生日之前，爱因斯坦在学校的一次音乐考试中演奏，考官报告说:“一位名叫爱因斯坦的学生在贝多芬奏鸣曲的深情演奏中光芒四射。
performance表现；presentation展示；exhibition展览；examination考试。根据“the examiner”可知，有考官在场，所以应该是在一场音乐考试中表演，故选D。
30．
句意：就在他17岁生日之前，爱因斯坦在学校的一次音乐考试中演奏，考官报告说:“一位名叫爱因斯坦的学生在贝多芬奏鸣曲的深情演奏中光芒四射。
hardly几乎没有；deeply深情地；carelessly马虎地；honestly诚实地。根据“shone”可知，爱因斯坦在表演中光芒四射，所以演奏的应该是很深情，故选B。
31．
句意：除了高超的小提琴演奏技巧外，他还会弹钢琴，尤其喜欢即兴演奏。
skill技能；patience练习；care关心；courage勇气。根据“a student called Einstein shone in a deeply felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”可知，爱因斯坦演奏的很好，所以说明他有很高超的小提琴演奏技巧，故选A。
32．
句意：除了高超的小提琴演奏技巧外，他还会弹钢琴，尤其喜欢即兴演奏。
after all毕竟；in particular尤其；in general一般来说；by accident偶然。根据“In addition to his great skill in playing the violin, he also played the piano”可知，该句表达除了演奏小提琴，还会弹钢琴，尤其是喜欢即兴演奏，三者之间比较，空处表达“尤其”的意思，故选B。
33．
句意：在后来的生活中，爱因斯坦作为物理学家的声誉经常让他受邀在慈善音乐会中表演，他通常都很高兴地接受了邀请。
contributions贡献；applications程序；invitations邀请；prizes奖项。根据“to perform at benefit concerts”可知，在慈善音乐会上表演应该是一种邀请，故选C。
34．
句意：也许爱因斯坦这位小提琴家最接近这个目标的总结来自他的朋友雅诺斯·普列施，他写道:“有许多音乐家拥有更好的技巧，但我相信没有一个人演奏得比他更真诚或更有感情。”
reaction反应；results结果；conclusion结论；instruction指导。根据“There are many musicians…played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”可知，这是对爱因斯坦的总结、评论，故选C。
35．
句意：也许爱因斯坦这位小提琴家最接近这个目标的总结来自他的朋友雅诺斯·普列施，他写道:“有许多音乐家拥有更好的技巧，但我相信没有一个人演奏得比他更真诚或更有感情。”
broader更广泛的；funnier更有趣的；wilder更荒凉的；better更好的。根据“but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling”可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，没有人比他演奏的更真诚，证明空处表达的是“尽管其他音乐家拥有更好的技巧”，故选D。
36．B
37．D
38．A
39．C
40．A
41．B
42．C
43．C
44．A
45．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了牛顿通过树上的苹果掉落，发现万有引力的故事。
36．
句意：突然，一个苹果从树上掉下来，差点砸到你的头。
Luckily幸运地；Suddenly突然；Sadly伤心地；Quietly安静地。根据“…an apple falls from the tree, narrowly (勉强地) missing your head.”可知，苹果是突然砸到头上的。故选B。
37．
句意：我们大多数人都会庆幸苹果没有砸到我们。
careful小心的；hopeful满怀希望的；doubtful怀疑的；thankful感谢的。根据“Most of us would be … that the apple did not hit us.”可知，我们大多数人没有被苹果砸到会感到庆幸。故选D。
38．
句意：这样就结束了。
end结束；beginning开始；result结果；truth真相。根据“Most of us would be … that the apple did not hit us. And that would be the …of it.”可知，我们大多数人都会庆幸苹果没有砸到我们，事情到这里就结束了。故选A。
39．
句意：他想知道事物是如何运作的。
put out熄灭；take out取出；find out找出，查明；carry out实行。根据“Isaac Newton spent his life working out many laws of physics.”牛顿一生致力于研究许多物理定律可推知，他想知道万事万物是如何运作的。故选C。
40．
句意：对他来说，在那些科学的早期，世界就是他的实验室。
science科学；art艺术；literature文学；language语言。根据常识可知，牛顿研究的是自然科学领域，因此在科学发展的早期，世界就是牛顿的实验室。故选A。
41．
句意：他朝院子里望去。
off离开；over在……上面；from从……；down向下。根据“he looked out … the yard.”可知，他向院子里看去；over符合语境。故选B。
42．
句意：当他坐在那里思考时，他注意到一个苹果从树上掉下来。
Before在……之前；After在……之后；As当；Until直到。根据“an apple falling from the tree.”可知，当牛顿坐在那里思考的时候，他注意到一个苹果从树上掉下来。故选C。
43．
句意：当他看着苹果落地时，他问自己一些简单的问题。
strange奇怪的；difficult困难的；simple简单的；silly愚蠢的。根据下文“With these simple questions”可知，牛顿问了自己一些简单的问题。故选C。
44．
句意：更正确的说法是，他发现了重力的工作原理。
how如何；what什么；when何时；where在哪里。根据“More correctly, he discovered …gravity works.”可知，牛顿发现了重力是如何起作用的。故选A。
45．
句意：重力解释了为什么人类没有从地球表面掉下来。
expressed表达；expected期望；explored探索；explained解释。根据“why people did not fall off the face of the earth”可知，重力应该是解释了为什么人类没有从地球表面掉下来。故选D。
46．C
47．C
48．B
49．B
50．A
51．D
52．C
53．D
54．C
55．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了伽利略，他被认为是现代科学的奠基人。伽利略不仅因为他的发现而伟大，而且因为他发展的科学方法而伟大。
46．
句意：他被认为是现代科学的奠基人。
realized意识到；designed设计；considered考虑；encouraged鼓励。根据“Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope. He is...as the farther of modern science”可知此处是指伽利略被认为是现代科学的奠基人，be considered as“被认为是”，故选C。
47．
句意：伽利略不仅因为他的发现而伟大，而且因为他发展的科学方法而伟大。
dreams梦想；introductions介绍；discoveries发现；instructions说明书。根据“Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope”可知此处是指伽利略的发现，故选C。
48．
句意：1608年，一个荷兰人首先制造了它，后来伽利略改进了它的设计。
recorded记录；improved改进；presented呈现；translated翻译。根据“Galileo did not invent the telescope”可知伽利略没有制造出望远镜，而是改进了，故选B。
49．
句意：所以他能够近距离地研究恒星和行星。
calmly沉着地；closely接近地；nearly几乎；gently温和地。根据“His telescope made things appear larger by much more times.”可知有了望远镜，就可以近距离地的研究恒星和行星，故选B。
50．
句意：当伽利略研究天空时，他证明了行星围绕太阳运行。
proved 证明；hoped希望；promised承诺；imagined想象。根据“He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove details of this fact”可知伽利略证明了行星围绕太阳运行，故选A。
51．
句意：那个时代的人相信地球是宇宙的中心，太空中的一切都围绕着地球运动。
part部分；corner角落；surface表面；centre中心。根据“everything in space moved around the Earth.”太空中的一切都围绕着地球运动，可知人们认为地球是宇宙的中央，故选D。
52．
句意：伽利略因为说他们所相信的是错误的而惹上麻烦。
true真实的；useful有用的；wrong错误的；common普通的。根据“the planets circle around the sun”以及“everything in space moved around the Earth.”可知伽利略证明了行星围绕太阳运行，而那时的人们都认为地球是宇宙的中央，所以伽利略证明了他们的认知是错误的，故选C。
53．
句意：伽利略的工作超越了天文学家的范畴。
after在……之后；across穿过；through穿过；beyond超过。根据“He was an inventor as well”可知他不仅是天文学家，又是发明家，所以beyond在此符合语境，故选D。
54．
句意：他的温度计不能准确地显示温度，但它可以显示一个温度更高、更低或与另一个温度相同。
so所以；and和；but但是；since自从。根据“His thermometer didn’t tell the temperatures exactly...it could show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature.”可知句子前后是转折关系，应用but连接，故选C。
55．
句意：伽利略用一种新的方式思考世界。
new新的；usual通常的；narrow狭窄的；difficult困难的。根据“Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or test out their ideas. He is one of the first real scientists.”在伽利略之前，人们没有进行实验，也没有验证自己的想法。他是第一批真正的科学家之一。可知是因为伽利略用了新的方式思考，才使得他是第一批真正的科学家之一，故选A。
56．D
57．C
58．B
59．A
60．A
61．A
62．D
63．C
64．B
65．C
66．C
67．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦小时候，因为经常和一些坏孩子一起玩，几次考试都不及格。他爸爸通过给他讲故事使他觉悟，从此爱因斯坦严格要求自己，最终获得了成功。
56．
句意：在一个星期天的早晨，爱因斯坦想和其他孩子一起去钓鱼。
another指三者或三者以上中的另一个；the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部；others是other的复数形式，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，不能作定语；other别的、另外的，一般只能和复数名词连用。根据上文“he often played with some bad kids.”他经常和一些坏孩子玩。结合“Einstein wanted to go fishing with … kids.”及选项，可知爱因斯坦是想和其他的孩子一起去钓鱼，因此other符合题意，故选D。
57．
句意： 他的父亲阻止他说：“爱因斯坦，你花太多时间玩。 我担心你的未来。”
to play动词不定式；play玩，动词原形；playing动名词/现在分词；played过去式或过去分词。根据“you were spending too much time ….”可知此处考查固定搭配spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，故选C。
58．
句意：杰克和罗伯特也没有通过考试，但他们还是像往常一样去钓鱼了。
so因此；but但是；because因为；or或者。根据“Jack and Robert also failed in the exam; … they went fishing as usual.”可知他们没有通过考试，可还是照常去钓鱼，因此此处表示的应是转折关系，所以用but连接，故选B。
59．
句意：孩子，我给你讲个故事。 
a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指；/不填。根据“I have … story for you.”结合语境，可知此处表示的是泛指，且story的发音是以辅音音素开头的，因此用a来修饰，故选A。
60．
句意：屋顶上有两只猫。
were是，一般过去时；are是，一般现在时；had有，一般过去时，have有，一般现在时。根据“There … two cats on the roof.”可知本句为there be结构，结合语境可知句子时态是一般过去时，故选A。
61．
句意：当他们从烟囱里爬出来的时候; 一只猫的脸很脏，而另一只猫的脸很干净。 
When当……时候；Unless除非；Although虽然；Before在……之前。根据“… they climbed out of the chimney; one cat’s face was dirty while the other cat’s face was clean.”结合语境及选项，可知是当他们从烟囱里爬出来的时候，故选A。
62．
句意：看到那只脏脸的猫，脸干净的那只认为自己的脸也脏了。
too也、用于肯定句，通常位于句末；either也，一般用于否定句句末；neither表示“二者都不”，一般同“nor”连用，表示“既不……也不”；also也，常用于肯定句或疑问句，一般位于句中。根据“Seeing the dirty-faced cat, the clean-faced one thought its own face was … dirty,”结合语境及选项，可知本句为肯定句，且设空处位于句中，因此应用also，故选D。
63．
句意：脸脏的猫看见脸干净的那只猫，以为自己的脸也很干净，就高高兴兴地走在街上。
happy高兴的、幸福的，形容词；happier更高兴的；happily高兴地、幸福地，副词；happiness幸福、快乐，名词。根据“so it walked … in the street.”可知设空处修饰前面的谓语动词，因此应用副词happily，故选C。
64．
句意：爱因斯坦，任何人都有可能成为你的镜子。 
by被、由；for为了；to到、朝；with和……一起。根据“it is possible … anybody to be your mirror (镜子).”可知本句为固定句型：It is+形容词+for sb+to do sth，意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，故选B。
65．
句意：有些孩子对自己要求不严格。 
they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己，反身代词；theirs他们的，名词性的物主代词。根据“Some kids are not strict with … .”结合语境可知是一些孩子对自己要求不严格，因此应用反身代词，故选C。
66．
句意：你可以向别人学习，但不应该完全跟随他们。
must必须；dare敢于；should应该；may可以。根据“You can learn from other people, but you … not follow them totally.”由转折词but，可知是不应该完全跟随他们，should not“不应该”，故选C。
67．
句意：你必须看清自己，知道自己想要什么。
why为什么；what什么；that那、那个；when什么时候。根据“You must see yourself clearly and know … you want to get.”可知此处缺少宾语，因此应用what，故选B。
68．B
69．C
70．D
71．B
72．C
73．B
74．A
75．C
76．C
77．C
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：短文主要讲了现在人类社会取得的很多进步，都是基于老一辈所做出的努力，文章还介绍了一些为人类社会做出极大贡献的人物。
68．
句意：换句话说，他的工作是建立在前人科学家的努力之上的。
speakers演讲者；scientists科学家；doctors医生；engineers工程师。根据上文“He said he succeeded because he “stood on the shoulders of giants”.”他说他成功了是因为他“站在巨人的肩膀上”。换句话说，应是他的工作是建立在前人科学家的努力之上的，故选B。
69．
句意：所有的进步都是在老一辈人的努力基础上，来自于新一代。
learns学会；goes去；comes来自；belongs属于。根据“All progress … from the new generations (一代人),”结合语境，可知此处考查固定词组come from，意为“来自”，故选C。
70．
句意：这些巨人之后的每一代都在继续建设这个国家。
love爱；celebrate庆祝；create创造；build建立、建设。根据上文“Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and many others built the basic.”毛泽东、邓小平和其他许多人建立了基础。可知这些巨人之后的每一代都在继续建设这个国家，故选D。
71．
句意：确保中国继续前进的重任将落在你们这一代身上。
looking around环顾四周；moving forward向前发展；putting down放下；making up构成、编造。根据上文这些巨人之后的每一代都在继续建设这个国家，结合“It is going to be up to your generation to make sure that China keeps ….”可知是中国继续前进的重任将落在你们这一代身上，故选B。
72．
句意：如果你们强壮，中国就强壮。
young年轻的；lovely可爱的；strong强壮的；quick快的。根据下文“If you are great, China will be great.”如果你们伟大，中国也将伟大。可知是如果你们强壮，中国就强壮，故选C。
73．
句意：如果你们为赢而努力，中国就一定会赢!
differently不同地；surely一定；hardly几乎不；bravely勇敢地。根据上文语境，你们强，中国就强。你们伟大，中国也将伟大。因此如果你们为赢而努力，中国就一定会赢，故选B。
74．
句意：幸运的是，你过去有很多榜样可以学习。
in the past在过去；at present目前、现在；in the future在将来；all the time一直。根据下文“As for me, I admire Song Qingling most.”就我而言，我最佩服宋庆龄。可知是过去有很多榜样可以学习，故选A。
75．
句意：她在美国长大，说一口流利的英语。
studied学习；stayed停留；grown长大的；educated受过教育的。根据下文“She lived a rich life there,”她在那里过着富裕的生活，可知她是在美国长大的，故选C。
76．
句意：但她决定回到中国，并将她的一生奉献给帮助年轻人。
the poor穷人；the rich富人；the young年轻人；the old老人。根据下文“called her “Mum” in return”叫她“妈妈”作为报答，可知她回国帮助的是年轻人，故选C。
77．
句意：你可以站在她的肩膀上帮助孩子们，建设一个更美好的未来。
feet脚；hands手；shoulders肩膀；head头。根据上文“He said he succeeded because he “stood on the shoulders of giants”.”他说他成功了是因为他“站在巨人的肩膀上”。可知此处指的是说站在她的肩膀上帮助孩子们，建设一个更美好的未来，故选C。
78．B
79．D
80．A
81．C
82．C
83．A
84．B
85．D
86．B
87．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了钟南山院士为抗击疫情做出的突出贡献，不管是2003年的非典，还是2020年初的新冠状病毒，他都奋战在疫情抗争的第一线，他既是一名医生，也是一名战士。
78．
句意：他是广东的一名医生，2003年挽救了许多人的生命。
helped帮助；saved拯救；liked喜欢；influenced影响；根据句意理解及前句“He is a doctor in Guangdong”可知，这里表达的是“挽救人的生命”，所以应该用saved，故选B。
79．
句意：2003年，广东爆发非典。
took out取出；found out调查；gave out分发；broke out爆发；根据“SARS...in Guangdong”可知，这里表达的是“爆发”，故选D。
80．
句意：数百名病人甚至死于这种疾病。
patients病人；doctors医生；animals动物；plants植物；根据“died from the disease”可知，这里指的是“病人”，故选A。
81．
句意：但钟南山勇敢地与疾病作斗争。
kind善良的；poor贫穷的；brave勇敢的；silent沉默的；根据“so everyone was afraid of it”和but可知，这里表达的是相反的意思，也就是钟南山并没有害怕，所以这里表达的是“勇敢的”，故选C。
82．
句意：钟日夜寻找病因。
patient病人；flood洪水；disease疾病；pollution污染；根据“Zhong spent days and nights finding the cause of the...”可知，这里表达的是“疾病的原因”，所以这里应该用disease，故选C。
83．
句意：它在全国迅速蔓延。
quickly快速地；slowly慢慢地；safely安全地；luckily幸运地；根据“Tens of thousands of Chinese people were infected (感染).”可知，这里表达的是“迅速地蔓延”，所以应该填quickly，故选A。
84．
句意：钟的团队采取了许多措施来拯救被新型冠状病毒感染的病人。
protect保护；save拯救；warn警告；harm伤害；根据“the patients infected by the Novel Coronavirus”可知，采取了许多措施来拯救被新型冠状病毒感染的病人，故选B。
85．
句意：他建议人们戴口罩，勤洗手，待在家里，不要去人多的地方。
wave挥舞；pollute污染；shake摇晃；wash洗；根据“...hands more often”可知，这里表达的是“洗手”，英语是wash hands，故选D。
86．
句意：虽然他67岁了，但他仍然可以打篮球。
When当……时；Although虽然；Unless除非；Because因为；根据“he could still play basketball”可知，这里表达的是“虽然”，是although引导的让步状语从句，故选B。
87．
句意：如今，84岁的钟仍在医院治疗病人，教年轻医生。
requires需要；trusts信任；teaches教；asks问；根据“Zhong still treats patients in the hospital”可知，这里表达的是“教年轻医生”，所以这里应该填teach，故选C。