2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件12

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件12，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了认识定语，感受定语从句，三定语从句系统讲解，whose的用法，五as的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
She wears a blue skirt.The girl in a blue skirt is Lucy.I knw the girl called Lucy.She wears a skirt that/which is blue.The girl wh/that wears a blue skirt is Lucy.I knw the girl wh is called Lucy.
in a blue skirt
called Lucy
that/which is blue
wh/that wears a blue skirt
wh is called Lucy
1. This is ne class yu d nt fall asleep in.
that/which/ \
2.Mst students g t states schls, which are very are a few students in ur class wh keep cming t class late but they are always fr Mrs Chen’s saw abandned farms which were built a hundred years ag.
两个句子：In 1925, they passed a law. The law allwed peple t sht the animals if they were a prblem.
合并句子In 1925, they passed allwed peple t sht the animals if they were a prblem.
A mnitr is a part f a cmputer. The part lks like a televisin.
合并: A mnitr is a part f a cmputer lks like a televisin.
7. The lecturers are thse peple. Thse peple have made real discveries in their area f science.
The lecturers are have made real discveries in their area f science.
thse peple
1,Have yu seen the by 《with a pair f sunglasses》？Have yu seen the by 《wh is wearing a pair f sunglasses》？2,This is the schl . I visited it last year.This is the schl which I visited last year.1.定语与定语从句的区别2.定语从句中的先行词，关系词分别指什么，二者的关系是什么。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词（短语）或代词（短语）。关系词：引导定语从句的词，也叫连接词。
先行词与关系词的关系：先行词是主句中的一个部分。关系词是引导定语从句来限定修饰先行词。
关系词是用来代替先行词在从句中的成分和意义。
所以，关系词通常有三个作用：1，引导定语从句； 2，指代先行词，所以关系词所表达的意思就是先行词的意思； 3，在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以要避免定语从句中有些词汇的重复。
二，定语从句关系词分类1）关系代词 that 从句缺主语，宾语，表语；且先行词为人或物Wh 从句缺主语，宾语，表语；且先行词为人whm 从句缺宾语；且先行词为人
Whse先行词是人或物都可以，但先行词与whse后的名词应有所属关系“某人的…”或是“某物的…”即,表示的意思是“先行词’s”which从句缺主语，宾语，表语；且先行词为物 as 先行词被the same (有时), such，s, as 等修饰时
2） 关系副词（定语 从句缺状语） when 先行词为时间，从句缺时间状语状语where 先行词为地点，从句缺地点状语 why 先行词为the reasn,从句缺原因状语，此时也可用fr which或是that或是省略注:先行词为the way 定语从句用in which或是that或是省略
3） 介词 +which：先行词为物,有时可以与关系副词互换 介词+whm ：先行词为人 介词+whse +名词 4)有时候,when, where, why可以与 介词+关系词 来换用。
三，定语从句关系词使用一般原则1，从句部分缺主语，宾语，表语时，引导词应选关系代词2，从句部分不缺主语，宾语，表语，即就是缺状语时，引导词应选关系副词 (但 有时也有用that的，属特例，以所见习题和句型为主）3，介词后面不出现that和wh 非限制性定语从句，即逗号后边不出现that。
4，关系代词的省略与不省略情况一般情况下，关系代词若做从句宾语才能省略。但“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词不省略；非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略； 限定性定语从句中作主语的关系词不可省略
引导定语从句的关系代词的用法： that which wh whm whse as
1.） that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
The ndles that I ate were delicius.
Let’s ask the man that is reading the bk ver there.
The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’sister.
2.） Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish which we bught were nt fresh.
3. ）wh whm 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，代指人 (口语中wh也可作宾语)。
The freigner wh visited ur schl yesterday is frm Canada.
The by wh brke the windw is called Michael.
The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr. Li.
Mr. Read is the prfessr t whm yu shuld write.
4. ）whse 在从句中作定语，指人或物
Miss Flwer is the teacher whse huse caught fire last week. (whse=the teacher’s)
This is the by whse cmpsitin the teacher talked f . (whse=the by’s)
思考:用whse时，前后词之间有什么关系，也可能等于什么？I live in the huse whse rf is red.
I live in the huse the rf f which is red.I live in the huse f which the rf is red.
5）练习Fill in the blanks with wh, whm, that, which r whse
The earthquake_________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American histry.2. We dn’t knw the number f peple ____________ lst their hmes in 1906 earthquake3. The huse ________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
which / that
4. A huse ____________ is built n sand may fall dwn in a earthquake. 5. Luckily, nne f the peple ______________ I knw were killed in the earthquake .6. Harry is the by ______ mther is ur maths teacher .
wh/whm/that
4，that 与which 的使用
 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has smething (that) yu can brrw.
I’ve read all the bks that are nt mine.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nthing, smething, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much等 修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first bk (that) he has read.
(4)先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very bk that belngs t him.
(5). 当先行词既包括人又包括物时eg. They talked fr abut half an hur f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.(6)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用which, 另一个用that 避免重复。He built up a factry which prduced things that had never been seen befre.
(7)主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that.There is a bk n the desk that belngs t Frank.(8)有时为了避免重复而使用that 引导的定语从句。Which is the car that hit the by?Wh was the man that she danced with?
引导定语从句的关系副词的用法： why, when, where
1）.where 表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，它在定语从句中做地点状语This is the schl where (=at which) I used t teach.What is the name f the twn where (=in which) we stayed last night?
2）. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。
Tell me the time when the train leaves.
I will never frget the day when I jined the army.
D yu remember the days we spent n the farm?
3）. why表示原因，通常跟在reasn后引导定语从句。
I dn’t knw the reasn why he left here.
4）用where, which, when, whse, why, that填空1. Drthy always spke highly f her rle in the play _________ , f curse, made the thers unhappy.2. I shall never frget the days ________ I lived in the cuntry with my parents.3. The factry ________ his brther wrks lies in the suth f the city.
4. They tk care f the ld man ________ sn lst his life in the fire.5. I dn’t knw the reasn ________ he didn’t cme.6. Is that the reasn _________ he gave t yu?
7. Hangzhu is a city _________ there is a beautiful lake. Hangzhu is a city ____________ have a beautiful lake.8. This is the factry ___________ my father wrks. This is the factry ____________ we visited yesterday.
9. I still remember the day ___________ I first came t Beijing. I still remember the day ____________ we spent tgether.
小结当用when /where / why 来引导定语从句时，应符合如下要求1，从句缺少相应的状语（可用逆推法来确定）2，先行词为时间，地点或是类似于二者的词，以及the reasn
思考定语从句用that /wh /whm /whse /which /as等的条件应该是什么?
四，限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
Cmpare the fllwing pairs f sentences and find the differences between them.
My daughter, wh studies in the United States, rang me yesterday.
My daughter wh studies in the United states rang me yesterday.
She tld me smething that happened yesterday.
She tld me smething untrue, which made me angry.
1. He gave me a pen (which/ that) he bught yesterday.2. He gave me a pen, which he bught yesterday.
Lk at the fllwing sentences and tell the differences f the Attributive Clauses.
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可 以省略。关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。
在非限定性定语从句中，限定词（如sme, any, nne, all, bth, several, enugh,many及few）可与f which或f whm连用。
It’s a family f eight children, all f whm are studying music.
We’ve tested three hundred types f bts, nne f which is cmpleted waterprf.
He has tw brthers, bth f whm are living in Beijing.
Chse the best answer.1.D yu remember the deer farm we visited tw mnths ag? A. why B. when C. that D. hw 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell yu mre abut later, was really terrible. A. when B. where C. that D. which
3.Jhn said he’d been wrking in the lab fr an hur, ______ was true. A. that B. whichC. whD. what4.Anne always spke highly f her clleagues in the mvie, ______, f curse, made the thers very happy. A. wh B. whichC. thatD. what 5.Chngqing is the city ______ she lived when she was yung. A. where B. whichC. whenD. hw 6.D yu knw the reasns ______ he came back? A. hw B. whichC. thatD. why
1）、as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有： the same…as; as…as; such…as; s…as主句中出现the same, as, such, s修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。1.It’s the same persn as we wanted t find yesterday . 我们昨天要找的是同一个人。 yu have such bks as we like ? 你有我们喜欢那种书吗？4.She will marry as healthy a man as she can find . 她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。5.There is s warm a huse as we want t live in . 这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。
注：当 the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词可用as, 也可用that。用that表示他所引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同一个；用as既可表示“同一”又可表示“同类”。
This is the same bicycle that I have lst.这是我丢失的那辆自行车。
This is the same bicycle as I have lst.这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。
⑶as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列句式多用as as has been said abve 如上所说 as anybdy can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样1.Things are nt always as they appear. 事情并不一直像他们表面那样。2.The by has as much prgress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。
He is the nly ne f the students wh ___(have) a cmputer.He is ne f the students wh_____ (have) a cmputer.
Is this place ______ we visit yesterday?Is this the place ____ we visit yesterday?A. the ne that B. that
六，介词+关系代词 引导定语从句
介词+关系代词 引导定语从句关系代词做介词的宾语时(prep﹢which/whm)关系代词whm, which 在从句中做介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟他所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。The athlete t whm yu talked is a famus runner.b. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词之后。Is this the watch which he is lking fr？
c. 关系代词that 在从句中做介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面The city that she lives in is very far away.d. 关系代词whse 也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起做介宾短语The bss in whse cmpany my father wrked is a very kind persn.
七，定语从句中关系代词的省略
限定性定语从句中，引导词的省略
1、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可被省略。
I like the bk yu gave me yesterday.
2、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时也可被省略。
China is n lnger the cuntry it used t be.
He is nt an hnest man yu thught him t be.
3、在时间名词后的关系副词when常被省略。
This was the first time I had serius truble with my bss.
By the time he was five, he was able t recite many pems.
4、在先行词way后面的关系副词hw或关系代词that/in which常 被省略
The way yu lk at prblems is wrng.
That’s the way yu learned English.
5、在先行词reasn后面的关系副词有时可以省略。
That is the reasn (why) I did it.
6、关系副词where有时可以省略。
This is the place we met yesterday.
I dn’t like the place we went last week.