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2022-2023学年山西省部分学校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年山西省部分学校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共19页。
2022-2023学年山西省部分学校高三（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Welcome to the 2022 Hal Leonard Vocal（声乐的）Competition
2022 will be the twelfth year of the annual Hal Leonard Vocal Competition，an innovative online competition for singers.This is the only vocal competition for all of North America aimed at young singers，aged 23 and under，and one of the first competitions for music students held entirely online on YouTube.
Unlike almost every other music competition，there is no entry fee，making it accessible to any qualified singer，who records a video of singing a song，and then posts it on the Internet by the deadline.This saves the commonly encountered expenses of traveling to specific destinations，as is the case in conventional music competitions.
It includes four age categories：
• Children：12 and under
• Early Teens：13～15
• High School：16～18
• College Undergraduates/Young Adults：19～23
A certain amount of money is awarded to first place winners in each category，and valuable gift certificates are awarded to those singers placed second and third.Gift certificates are also possible for those named Honorable Mention.
Notice：
• Video entries must be submitted before February 2，2022.
• The video must clearly show your face.A stationary camera position throughout，showing your face and most of your body，is perfectly acceptable，even preferable.
• Singers are required to sing their selections from memory.If a singer's performance is not memorized，the entry will be disqualified.
• You may sing with a live pianist in your video entry，or you may sing with official Hal Leonard recorded accompaniments.We will not accept unaccompanied entries.You can not accompany yourself.
• You are required to introduce yourself and your selections in the video，either verbally before your selection or with a title card before the songs.
1. How is the competition different from other music competitions？ ______
A. It is held annually. B. It charges no entry fee.
C. It is aimed at teens. D. It offers travel chances.
2. What will go to the first place winners？ ______
A. Cash prizes. B. Travel tickets.
C. Gift certificates. D. Expensive cameras.
3. What are the participants required to do in their video entries？ ______
A. Hide their faces all the time. B. Accompany themselves alone.
C. Sing songs from their memory. D. Avoid introducing themselves.
B
If you tried to give rock'n' roll another name，you might have called it Chuck Berry.
Chuck Berry was 29 years old in 1955.He'd been playing mostly blues and R8 B standards in a St.Louis club for several years.But he had started writing his own songs，combining elements of white country music.On a Friday night in May，1955，he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters.After the performance，he casually asked him， "How do you get in touch with a record company？"
"Why don't you go and see Leonard Chess on 47th？" Muddy Waters replied.
So early Monday morning，Berry went to Chess Records and positioned himself in a store across the street.When Leonard Chess arrived，Berry ran over and made a .Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material，
Berry returned the following week，bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.
"And we set the band up，and we played all four of them，" Berry said. "We don't know what they were saying，but they listened."
Berry thought they were listening to "Wee Wee Hours"，a blues song.After all，Chess Records was known around Chicago as a blues label.But Leonard Chess was fascinated by "Ida Mae" that Berry had adapted from a traditional country tune called "Ida Red".
Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name.It was too rural （土气的）.But nobody could think of a name.They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it 'Maybellene'？"
"Maybellene" quickly rose to No.l on the R&B chart.Two weeks later，it hit No.5 on the all-important pop chart.In the years following "Maybellene"，Chuck Berry produced an astonishing string of hits，such as "Roll Over Beethoven" "School Days" and "Sweet Little Sixteen"
In 1972，Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name： "My Ding-A-Ling".
4. Why did Chuck Berry go to Chicago on the Friday night in May，1955？ ______
A. To sell his first record B. To find a record company.
C. To watch a performance. D. To interview Muddy Waters.
5. What does the underlined word "pitch" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Performance. B. Argument.
C. Invitation. D. Self-introduction.
6. How did Leonard Chess get the name "Maybellene" for the song？ ______
A. He accidently saw a shoe label.
B. He was inspired by the sweet music.
C. It was recommended by an ad agency.
D. It was the result of thorough research.
7. What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A. "Wee Wee Hours" is a typical rock song.
B. The name of a song is not so important.
C. "Ida Mae" is much better than "Ida Red"
D. "My Ding-A-Ling" is not good enough.
C
By now，you've likely heard of the metaverse（元宇宙）.
Last month，Mark Zuckerberg sent everyone running to their dictionaries to figure out what he was talking about when he said Facebook was changing its name to Meta and declared the metaverse not only the future for his company，but the future for the Internet.
Actually，the word and concept aren't new.Neal Stephenson made up the term in his 1991 science-fiction book Snow Crash，in which people use avatars（分身）to explore an online world.A number of small metaverses have since developed，where people can do many real life things—like working out，meeting with colleagues，or taking a class—but all online and through a pair of eyeglasses that costs around ﹩ 3，500 and other more expensive equipment.
"They are virtual worlds where you feel like you're inside a cool video game.But it's so much more than a game because it's like the Internet，where you're socially connected and you can do almost anything in the metaverse，"said Jason Moore who teaches virtual art at Brooklyn College and spends a couple of hours in the metaverse every day. "There are currently a handful of mostly unconnected metaverse platforms，including VRChat，NeosVR，and my studio at the college."
He hopes that cheaper equipment and faster Internet connections might put it within mainstream applications like tourism and provide us with the most powerful educational tool ever invented within a couple of years.
But Frances Haugen，a former Google's designer，warns that metaverses could harm personal calculation skills and further divide societies as each user stays in their own virtual realities.She is also worried that they are likely to become more addictive than the current social media and rob people of more personal information.
8. Who invented the word and concept of metaverses？ ______
A. Jason Moore. B. Frances Haugen.
C. Mark Zuckerberg. D. Neal Stephenson.
9. What can we most probably do in Jason Moore's metaverse？ ______
A. Take a class. B. Work out with friends.
C. Play video games. D. Tour around the world.
10. Which of the following can best describe Frances Haugen's attitude to metaverses？ ______
A. Positive. B. Disapproving. C. Unconcerned. D. Excited.
11. What is the suitable title for the text？ ______
A. A Very Brief Introduction to the So-called Metaverses
B. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Metaverses
C. Why Did Facebook Want to Change Its Name to Meta？
D. What Do Scientists and Experts Think of the Metaverses？
D
Last year，more than 130 million tons of single-use plastics were thrown away.Now，a new report finds that just 20 companies produced more than half of all single-use plastic waste worldwide.
The report，published Tuesday by Australia's Mindoro Foundation，offers one of the fullest accounting of the companies behind the production of single-use plastics that researchers believe could account for as much as 10% of global greenhouse emissions by 2050.The study has further identified 20 companies as the source of 55% of the world's single-use plastic waste in 2020，while the top 100 companies account for more than 90%.
The report also has studied the money invested （投资） in the production of single-use plastics.It finds that 20 biggest investors hold shares worth close to ﹩ 300 billion in the single-use plastic producers.The top three investors are US-based Vanguard Group，Black Rock and Capital Group，which according to the report have an estimated ﹩ 6 billion invested in the production of single-use plastics.
Since most plastic is made from oil and gas，the production and consumption of plastic is becoming a significant driver of the climate crisis.The report warns that in the next five years，the global capacity to produce the materials needed for single-use plastics could grow by more than 30%.And much of the resulting single-use plastic waste will end up as pollution in developing countries with poor plastic waste management systems，according to the report.
Solving the issue will require serious changes from producers，investors and banks，the authors write.The report says that producers of polymers—known as the building blocks of plastics—should begin disclosing their single-use plastic waste "footprint"，while banks and investors should entirely stop their financing，in stages，that goes toward the production of single-use plastics.In addition，search for more environment-friendly materials should be encouraged.
12. How much single-use plastic waste was produced by the top 20 companies in 2020？ ______
A. About 13 million tons. B. About 65 million tons.
C. About 71.5 million tons. D. About 117 million tons.
13. Where are the top three investors from？ ______
A. China. B. The UK. C. Australia. D. The US.
14. What does the fourth paragraph focus on？ ______
A. The causes of the global warming.
B. The potential harmful effects of plastic.
C. The materials used to produce plastic.
D. The fast growth of the plastic waste.
15. Which measure is mentioned to reduce the plastic waste？ ______
A. Plastic producers should pay for the waste.
B. Plastic waste can be exported to poor countries.
C. The production of single-use plastics should be stopped now.
D. More efforts are needed to replace plastics with other materials.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Digital citizenship can be defined as thinking critically，behaving safely，and participating responsibly in the digital world.Today，we will look at how teachers can support good digital citizenship through safe，kind and healthy use of social media.
(1) .How does it make them feel？Do the young people want to change anything about the way they interact with others online？
Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying （网络欺凌） and hate speech. (2) .They should also know how to deal with them.In addition，teachers should let students know that they are available to help when they face these online problems.
Use social media to stay in touch.Teachers should choose a social media their students often use.Teachers can limit posts or messages to once or twice per class period. (3) ，so one person's question can be shared by others.But teachers have to make sure they do not help one student without giving the same information to the other students.
Teachers need to set time limits for using social media with students.Teachers could say they will only answer questions until nine at night on school nights，for example. (4) .
Part of digital citizenship is related to privacy.When sharing something done in class，teachers must remember to post pictures of students' work but not of the students themselves. (5) .
Social media is an increasingly important part of students' lives.With the guidance of teachers，young people can learn to become good digital citizens.
A．Forbid students spreading hate speech online
B．This is done to protect the online privacy of students
C．Students should provide the necessary information to teachers
D．Young people need to recognize the differences among these issues
E．They have to let students know that teachers need to stay offline，too
F．Teachers can begin by talking with students about how they use social media
G．Another idea is to encourage students to ask questions on the shared social media
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At 7：00 am on July 26，I found myself sheltering under a large rock with "strangers" telling jokes as it rained heavily with thunder.I was approaching the end to the journey that led me here，one hike （徒步旅行） that had(21)five months earlier at Amicalola Falls State Park in Georgia.
My(22)had taken me through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests，and through it all，various(23)seemed endless too. (24)，I received random kindness along the way to pull me through.
I started the hike without a partner，but I didn't travel(25).Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen and other(26)strangers formed a vast network that kept my hike going on.
On Day 5 of my hike，trembling in the cold February dusk，I rolled up to a shelter in Georgia and was(27)by other hikers，among whom a girl about my age cheerfully introduced herself as "Skippy".Over the miles to come，together with these new(28)，I felt motivated to(29)my hike.
After the first mountains of Virginia had fallen behind us at 500 miles，the challenge of the hike became (30)，as 1，700 miles of the same view-less climbs stretched on.Overcoming boredom(31)the real hikers from the quitters.I managed to(32)as those new friends kept me entertained and inspired.
When the(33)stopped，my fellow hikers and I pressed on and up.Softly，the clouds slipped away to(34)the final half-mile to the summit（顶点）.When I finally made it to the (35)，I gave Skippy a hug.
21. A. disappeared B. begun C. changed D. failed
22. A. joke B. habit C. journey D. life
23. A. challenges B. performances C. experiences D. meetings
24. A. Suddenly B. Unfortunately C. Regularly D. Thankfully
25. A. asleep B. alone C. awake D. alive
26. A. modest B. supportive C. helpless D. honest
27. A. educated B. overlooked C. welcomed D. defeated
28. A. companions B. competitors C. examiners D. servants
29. A. delay B. cancel C. continue D. record
30. A. physical B. distant C. ambiguous D. mental
31. A. removed B. protected C. benefited D. separated
32. A. hold on B. give in C. break down D. get away
33. A. earthquake B. ceremony C. storm D. exhibition
34. A. make way for B. take notice of C. look forward to D. catch up with
35. A. bottom B. top C. side D. edge
36. 第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Dogs may be man's best friends，but let's not forget that a faithful fetching stick is a dog's another best friend if you don't have a tennis ball at hand.
So when Andrew Taylor noticed that there (1) （be） a lack of good sticks at his local park，he (2) （ immediate） determined to take matters into his own hands.
The 59-year-old dad (3) had been chopping （砍） off extra branches from some trees in his yard made a decision (4) （build） a "Stick Library" for all the local dogs.
After (5) （ turn） the branches into several dozen conveniently-sized (6) （piece），he put them into a hand-crafted box (7) the words "Stick Library：Please Return" and brought it to the park.
Since Taylor and his daughter hosted a small neighborhood inauguration （开幕） party for the Stick Library，more than 50 dogs and their owners (8) （ enjoy） a game of fetch with the sticks.
"As people started to arrive，there was a (9) （disbelieve） of how simple the idea was，but it's one of those ideas no one had thought of，" said Taylor's daughter Tayla Reece. "All the dog owners appreciate (10) ，as they all have experienced the 'good stick search'，which isn't always fruitful.It's an idea that just makes sense to them."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是李华，得知你的留学生朋友Allen寒假期间因故不能回国，想邀请他到你家共度春节。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）春节活动；
（3）表达期待。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Allen，
_______
Yours，
Li Hua
38. 第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sally had been playing football all summer.She really enjoyed running after the black and white ball across the grassy field with the other players in her bright orange uniform.
Before each game，they had a practice session.The coach showed her and her team how to pass the ball to each other and take shots at the goal.She was pretty good at passing the ball，but every time she got a chance to kick the ball to the goal，it would be stopped by a player from the other team or be caught by the goalkeeper.Now the football season was almost over and she still had not scored one single goal.She really felt discouraged and wondered if she should quit football and join a different club.
"After all，I am a girl.I was not born for such a rough game，" Sally told herself. "I will try another club." She even daydreamed that she was a member of the hip hop club and she was dancing on stage in a big auditorium with thousands of people cheering for her.She also thought about joining a different sport，like jogging or cycling.Anyway，football would be her last choice.
"Don't give up.No one is born for the game.Use your advantage，" the coach said after Sally told him her doubt during a break between the sessions. "Most important of all，believe yourself.You can do it."
Sally was not totally convinced but she did want to have a try.When the break was over，the coach blew his whistle to start the game again.The two teams walked back onto the field，both determined to win.Sally bent down to tie up her shoes and repeated what the coach had said in her mind. "Use your advantage.Believe yourself.You can do it."
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sally stood up and took a deep breath.
_______
As the game was drawing to an end，the scores were in a tie.
_______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第二段中的Unlike almost every other music competition，there is no entry fee，（与几乎所有其他音乐比赛不同的是，该比赛不收取报名费，）可知这个比赛与其他音乐比赛的不同之处是不收取参赛费。所以答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中的A certain amount of money is awarded to first place winners in each category，（每个类别的第一名将获得一定金额的奖金，）可知一等奖的获得者可以获得现金奖励。所以答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Notice部分•Singers are required to sing their selections from memory.If a singer's performance is not memorized，the entry will be disqualified.（•歌手被要求凭记忆演唱他们的选段。如果歌手的表演没有被记住，将被取消参赛资格。）可知，参赛者在参赛视频中必须要脱稿唱歌。所以答案为C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个音乐比赛的相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。由文章第一段On a Friday night in May，1955，he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters. （1955年5月的一个星期五晚上，他开车去芝加哥观看Muddy Waters乐队的演出。）可知，他去观看一个演出。故选C项。
（2）D.词句猜测题。由文章第三段Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material，Berry returned the following week，bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.（这位年轻人的自信给Chess留下了深刻的印象，并告诉他带着自己的材料回来。Berry第二周回来了，带来了俱乐部的其他成员和四首新歌。）可知，前面应该Berry给Chess做了一个"自我介绍"。A.Performance表现；B.Argument争论；C.Invitation邀请；D.Self-introduction自我介绍。故选D项。
（3）A.细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene'？"（他们环顾四周，看到一个印有"Maybellene"字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说："为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene'？"）可知，Leonard Chess通过一个鞋的品牌名字给他歌命名的。故选A项。
（4）B.推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name.It was too rural .But nobody could think of a name.They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene'？"（Chess确信这首新歌会很受欢迎，但他不喜欢这个名字。太土了。但是没有人能想到一个名字。他们环顾四周，看到一个印有"Maybellene"字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说："为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene'？"）以及最后一段In 1972，Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name： "My Ding-A-Ling".（1972年，查克•贝里（ChuckBerry）终于凭借一个更具乡村气息的名字"我的丁阿玲"（MyDing-a-Ling）在流行音乐排行榜上获得了第一名。）可知，Leonard Chess他们给歌取名字还是比较随意的，Maybellene这首歌最后还是很红，MyDing-a-Ling是很有乡村气息的名字但也是很出名，所以歌的名字不是很重要，最主要是内容。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲Chuck Berry怎样走上摇滚音乐创作的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、A、B、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Neal Stephenson made up the term in his 1991 science-fiction book Snow Crash（尼尔•斯蒂芬森在他1991年的科幻小说《雪崩》中创造了这个词。）可知，这个概念是由科幻作家Neal Stephenson创造出来的。所以答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段"They are virtual worlds where you feel like you're inside a cool video game.But it's so much more than a game because it's like the Internet，where you're socially connected and you can do almost anything in the metaverse，"said Jason Moore who teaches virtual art at Brooklyn College and spends a couple of hours in the metaverse every day.（"它们是虚拟世界，让你感觉自己置身于一款很酷的电子游戏中。但它远不止是一款游戏，因为它就像互联网，你可以在社交网络上联系起来，你可以在元世界里做几乎任何事情，"在布鲁克林学院教授虚拟艺术的杰森•摩尔说，他每天都要在元世界里呆上几个小时。）可知我们可以在他的元宇宙工作室中上课。所以答案为A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第六段"But Frances Haugen，a former Google's designer，warns that metaverses could harm personal calculation skills and further divide societies as each user stays in their own virtual realities.She is also worried that they are likely to become more addictive than the current social media and rob people of more personal information.（但谷歌的前设计师弗朗西丝•豪根警告说，元宇宙可能会损害个人计算能力，并进一步分化社会，因为每个用户都停留在自己的虚拟现实中。她还担心它们可能会比当前的社交媒体更容易让人上瘾，并剥夺人们更多的个人信息）"可知，她认为元宇宙会带来很多负面影响，所以她对元宇宙是持否定态度的。A．Positive.肯定的；B．Disapproving.不同意的；C．Unconcerned.担忧的；D．Excited.兴奋的。所以答案为B。
（4）标题判断题。文章首先介绍了元宇宙的概念是由谁提出来的，接下来通过行内人士解释了元宇宙的现状及可能存在的问题，所以A．A Very Brief Introduction to the So-called Metaverses（关于所谓的元宇宙的简介）作为题目最合适。所以答案为A。
本文是一篇说明文。近来元宇宙着实火了。那么这到底是个什么东西呢？文章给我们进行了详细介绍。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】C、D、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段的"Last year，more than 130 million tons of single-use plastics were thrown away.（去年，超过1.3亿吨一次性塑料被丢弃。）和第二段的The study has further identified 20 companies as the source of 55% of the world's single-use plastic waste in 2020，while the top 100 companies account for more than 90%.（该研究进一步确定了20家公司是2020年全球55%一次性塑料垃圾的来源，而排名前100的公司占90%以上。）可知2020年，排名前20位的公司制造了约7150万吨（130 X55%）一次性塑料垃圾。所以答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第三段的The top three investors are US-based Vanguard Group，Black Rock and Capital Group，which according to the report have an estimated ﹩ 6 billion invested in the production of single-use plastics.（前三大投资者分别是美国先锋集团（Vanguard Group）、黑岩（Black Rock）和资本集团（Capital Group），根据该报告，这些公司在一次性塑料生产方面的投资估计为60亿美元。）可知一次性塑料的投资者主要来自美国。所以答案为D。
（3）段落大意题。由文章第四段 Since most plastic is made from oil and gas，the production and consumption of plastic is becoming a significant driver of the climate crisis.The report warns that in the next five years，the global capacity to produce the materials needed for single-use plastics could grow by more than 30%.And much of the resulting single-use plastic waste will end up as pollution in developing countries with poor plastic waste management systems，according to the report.（由于大多数塑料是由石油和天然气制成的，塑料的生产和消费正成为气候危机的重要驱动因素。该报告警告称，未来五年，全球生产一次性塑料所需材料的能力可能增长30%以上。该报告称，在塑料垃圾管理系统不完善的发展中国家，大量由此产生的一次性塑料垃圾最终将成为污染。）可知本段重点介绍了塑料的潜在有害影响。所以答案为B。
（4）细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句In addition，search for more environment-friendly materials should be encouraged.（此外，应该鼓励寻找更环保的材料。）可知文中提到的减少塑料浪费的策略是加大力度寻找可替代材料。所以答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了一次性塑料的主要生产者、投资方、环境危害并提出了相应的处置策略。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】F、D、G、E、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。第一段最后一句we will look at how teachers can support good digital citizenship through safe，kind and healthy use of social media.（我们将研究教师如何通过安全、友好和健康地使用社交媒体来支持良好的数字公民。）可知提到了教师，F．Teachers can begin by talking with students about how they use social media（老师可以从和学生谈论他们如何使用社交媒体开始），提到教师可以从谈论如何使用社交媒体开始，语意承接上文；第三段首句Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying（网络欺凌）and hate speech.（接下来，解释诸如网络欺凌和仇恨言论等问题。）指的是第二步应该怎样做，与F中的" begin "衔接合理，都是指的教师的做法；所以选项F承上启下。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。上一句Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying（网络欺凌）and hate speech.（接下来，解释诸如网络欺凌和仇恨言论等问题。）中提到了"such problems"，选项D中的"these issues"与其相对应，意思相同；D．Young people need to recognize the differences among these issues（年轻人需要认识到这些问题之间的差异），中提到了"Young people"需要认识到这些问题的差异，下一句They should also know how to deal with them.（他们还应该知道如何处理这些问题。）中的"They"与其衔接，都是指年轻人，且句意具有连续性；所以选项D承上启下。故选D。
（3）联系下文题。下一句so one person's question can be shared by others. （所以一个人的问题可以被其他人分享。）提到了"one person's question"，与选项G中的"encourage students to ask questions"相对应；同时，下一句中的"can be shared"也与G中的"on the shared social media"衔接合理；结合上一句Teachers can limit posts or messages to once or twice per class period. （老师们可以限制每节课发布一到两次帖子或信息。）提到了教师可以怎样做，G．Another idea is to encourage students to ask questions on the shared social media（另一个想法是鼓励学生在共享的社交媒体上提问），提出了教师的另一个做法，语意连贯。故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据第五段主题句Teachers need to set time limits for using social media with students.（教师需要为和学生一起使用社交媒体设定时间限制。）可知，本段主要讲述教师必须对在社交媒体上的师生互动时间设限，即教师不可能24小时在线；结合第二句Teachers could say they will only answer questions until nine at nighton school nights，for example.（例如，老师们可以说，在学校的晚上，他们只回答问题到九点。）举例说明了教师不可能随时在线；E．They have to let students know that teachers need to stay offline，too（他们必须让学生知道，老师也需要有离线时间），与本段意思相符，衔接合理。故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据第六段主题句Part of digital citizenship is related to privacy.（数字公民身份的一部分与隐私有关。）可知，本段主要讲述保护隐私，选项B中提到"privacy"，与其相对应；结合第二句When sharing something done in class，teachers must remember to post pictures of students' work but not of the students themselves.（教师应该在社交媒体上发布学生的作品照片，而不是学生本人的照片。）与B．This is done to protect the online privacy of students（这样做是为了保护学生的网络隐私），语意衔接合理，符合本段主题。故选B。
本文是篇议论文。文章主要讲述了教师应该教给学生如何安全、友好和健康地使用社交媒体，以成为良好的数字公民。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、C、A、D、B、B、C、A、C、D、D、A、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.disappeared出现；B.begun开始；C.changed改变；D.failed失败。句意：五个月前，我在格鲁吉亚的亚米卡洛拉瀑布州立公园开始了一次徒步旅行。根据上文"At 7 a.m.on July 6，I found myself in northern Maine，hiding under a large rock with "strangers" telling jokes as it rained heavily."可推断，这个旅程早在五个月前就开始了。故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.joke笑话；B.habit习惯；C.journey旅程；D.life生活。句意：我的旅程让我徒步穿越了阿巴拉契亚山脉沿线的14个州，穿越了无边无际的山脉和森林，经历了这一切，各种挑战似乎也无穷无尽。根据上文"the end to the journey that led me here."可知，作者讲述自己的旅程。故选C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenges挑战；B.performances表演；C.experiences经历；D.meetings会议。句意：我的旅程让我徒步穿越了阿巴拉契亚山脉沿线的14个州，穿越了无边无际的山脉和森林，经历了这一切，各种挑战似乎也无穷无尽。根据上文"had taken me on foot through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests"可推断，作者的旅程要克服很多挑战。故选A。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.Suddenly突然地；B.Unfortunately不幸地；C.Regularly经常地；D.Thankfully感激地。句意：值得感激地是，一路上我收到了各种各样的善意帮助我度过难关。根据上文"had taken me on foot through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests"以及后文"I received random kindness along the way to pull me through. "可知，旅程艰难，但作者得到各种帮助，内心充满感激。故选D。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.asleep睡着地；B.alone独自；C.awake醒着地；D.alive活着的。句意：我开始徒步旅行时没有同伴，但我不是独自旅行。根据下文"Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen and other（6）______strangers formed a vast network that kept my hike going on."可知，作者不是独自一人旅行。故选B。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.modest谦虚的；B.supportive支持的；C.helpless没有帮助的；D.honest诚实的。句意：提供骑行服务的"天使"、乐于助人的修理工和其他支持我的陌生人组成了一个庞大的网络，让我的徒步旅行继续进行。根据本句"Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen"可知，这些是可以提供支持的陌生人。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.educated教育；B.overlooked忽视；C.welcomed欢迎；D.defeated击败。句意：徒步旅行的第五天，我在寒冷的二月黄昏中瑟瑟发抖，来到格鲁吉亚的一个庇护所，受到了其他徒步者的欢迎，其中有一个和我年龄相仿，自称"Skippy"的女孩。根据上文"I received random kindness along the way to pull me through. "以及"I rolled up to a shelter in Georgia"可推断，作者受到欢迎。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.companions同伴；B.competitors竞争者；C.examiners主考人；D.servants仆人。句意：在接下来的旅程中，因为和这些新伙伴一起，我有动力继续我的徒步旅行。根据上文"formed a vast network that kept my hike going on."和"among whom a girl about my age cheerfully introduced herself as "Skippy"."可知，他们都是作者的同伴。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.delay推迟；B.cancel取消；C.continue继续；D.record记录。句意：在接下来的旅程中，因为和这些新伙伴一起，我有动力继续我的徒步旅行。根据上文"I felt motivated"可知，作者受到鼓舞，继续旅程。故选C。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.physical物质的，身体的；B.distant遥远的；C.ambiguous不明确的；D.mental心理的，精神上的。句意：在我们前行距弗吉尼亚州的第一座山500英里处之后，这条路最具挑战性的地形逐渐变成了精神上的挑战，因为1700英里的看不见的攀登一直延伸着。根据后文"as 1，700 miles of the same viewless climbs stretched on"可知，这条路最具挑战性的地形逐渐变成了精神上的挑战。故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.removed去除；B.protected保护；C.benefited受益；D.separated分离。句意：克服无聊可区分真正的徒步旅行者和半途而废者。根据下文"the real hikers from the quitters"推知，长距离的徒步会面临疲乏，有的人会中途放弃。因此，克服疲乏能够把真正的徒步者与中途放弃者区分开来。故选D。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.hold on坚持；B.give in屈服；C.break down出故障，崩溃；D.get away离开，脱身。句意：那些新朋友给了我快乐和鼓舞，我设法坚持了下来根据下文"as those new friends kept me entertained and inspired."可知，在新朋友的陪伴和鼓励下，作者设法坚持了下来。故选A。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.earthquake地震；B.ceremony仪式；C.storm暴风雨；D.exhibition展览。句意：暴风雨停了以后，我和我的徒步同伴们继续往前走。根据后文 "the clouds slipped away"可知，"暴风雨"符合语境。故选C。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make way for给……让路；B.take notice of注意到；C.look forward to期待；D.catch up with追上。句意：云层轻轻地溜走，露出了距离山顶最后半英里的地方。根据前文 "the clouds slipped away"可知，云层散去，让路给通往山顶的最后半英里，即最后半英里路显现了出来。故选A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.bottom底部；B.top顶部；C.side侧面；D.edge边缘。句意：当我最终成功到达山顶时，我拥抱了Skippy。根据上文"the final half-mile to the summit"可知，到达山顶时作者拥抱了Skippy。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在为期5个月的长途徒步旅行中得到陌生人的帮助和支持，这些陌生人的善意支撑作者顺利完成了艰难的旅行。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】was
【小题2】immediately
【小题3】who/that
【小题4】to build
【小题5】turning
【小题6】pieces
【小题7】with
【小题8】have enjoyed/have been enjoying
【小题9】disbelief
【小题10】it
【解析】（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，当安德鲁•泰勒注意到当地公园缺乏好的棍子时，他立即决定亲自处理问题。"there be+主语"句型，根据主句的谓语noticed可知，此处描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，又因为主语是a lack of good sticks，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
（2）考查副词。句意：因此，当安德鲁•泰勒注意到当地公园缺乏好的棍子时，他立即决定亲自处理问题。分析句子可知，副词immediately作状语，修饰动词determined。故填immediately。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：这位59岁的父亲曾在自家院子里砍树上多余的树枝，他决定为当地所有的狗建立一个"抓取棒图书馆"。分析句子可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是The 59-yearold dad，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：这位59岁的父亲曾在自家院子里砍树上多余的树枝，他决定为当地所有的狗建立一个"抓取棒图书馆"。固定搭配make a decision to do sth. （决定做某事），build用动词不定式形式。故填to build。
（5）考查动名词。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。介词After后用动名词形式作宾语，turn用动名词形式。故填turning。
（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。piece是可数名词，根据空前的修饰词several dozen可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填pieces。
（7）考查介词。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。此处意为"盒子上带有字"，故此处用介词with （具有）。故填with。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：自从泰勒和他的女儿为"抓取棒图书馆"举办了一个小型社区开幕派对以来，50多只狗和它们的主人一直在玩着用木棍来取东西的游戏。根据空前的从句"Since+句子（时态是一般过去时）"可知，主句的谓语动词enjoy用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主句主语more than 50 dogs and their owners复数，主语谓语也复数形式。故填have enjoyed/have been enjoying。
（9）考查可数名词的单数。句意：泰勒的女儿Tayla Reece说："当人们开始到来时，人们都不敢相信这个想法有多么简单，但这是没有人想到的想法之一。"根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处用单数名词disbelief。故填disbelief。
（10）考查代词。句意：所有的狗主人都很感激这一想法，因为他们都经历过'棒棒搜索'，但这并不总是有成效的。分析句子可知，此处指代前面提到的 the idea，用代词 it。故填it。
本文是一篇记叙文。一位59岁的男士制作了"狗狗抓取棒图书馆"，狗主人可以从这里免费借用抓取棒。这一举措解决了很多狗主人寻找抓取棒的难题。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Allen，
Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation，I'm writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family.【高分句型一】I wonder if you could come to my house at 9：00 am，January 20.【高分句型二】（写信目的）
The Spring Festival is the most distinctive traditional Chinese festival.We will put up various decorations to add the mood of celebration.We will also make dumplings and set off fireworks.Family members will gather to enjoy a reunion dinner.（春节活动）
My family are expecting your arrival with sincerity.I do hope you can join us.（表达期待）
Yours.
LiHua
【解析】高分句型一：Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation，I'm writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family.
翻译：知道在即将到来的寒假你将不得不留在中国而不是回家，我写信邀请你和我的家人一起过春节。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation作原因状语及that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：I wonder if you could come to my house at 9：00 am，January 20.
翻译：我想知道你能否在1月20日上午9点来我家。
分析：本句运用了if引导的宾语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Sally stood up and took a deep breath.She tried to figure out what she was good at doing.【高分句型一】Suddenly she knew what she could do and she headed to her position with confidence.Even if she didn't get one goal all summer，she was sure that she could pass the ball better than most of the boys.That was something she was really proud of and it would her real strength.（描写了萨莉给自己建立信心，找到自己的优势来鼓励自己）
As the game was drawing to an end，the scores were in a tie.Both teams were trying their best to get the ball close to the goals.No one paid too much attention to Sally who found a perfect position and waited there.【高分句型二】At that very moment，the ball ran to her.She quickly took control of it and tried to get as close to the goal as possible.Focused on the ball，she kicked it as hard as she could. "Goal!" said the coach.（描写了萨莉在比赛中终于找到了进球的机会以及她的反应）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨莉是一名足球队队员，非常热爱足球，但是她一个球也没有进过，她有点泄气，教练鼓励她，回到赛场上，她决心再试一下。
高分句型一：She tried to figure out what she was good at doing.
翻译：她试图弄清楚自己擅长做什么。
分析：本句运用了what引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：No one paid too much attention to Sally who found a perfect position and waited there.
翻译：没有人太注意萨利，她找到了一个完美的位置，在那里等着。
分析：本句运用了who引导的限制性定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年山西省部分学校高三（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Welcome to the 2022 Hal Leonard Vocal（声乐的）Competition
2022 will be the twelfth year of the annual Hal Leonard Vocal Competition，an innovative online competition for singers.This is the only vocal competition for all of North America aimed at young singers，aged 23 and under，and one of the first competitions for music students held entirely online on YouTube.
Unlike almost every other music competition，there is no entry fee，making it accessible to any qualified singer，who records a video of singing a song，and then posts it on the Internet by the deadline.This saves the commonly encountered expenses of traveling to specific destinations，as is the case in conventional music competitions.
It includes four age categories：
• Children：12 and under
• Early Teens：13～15
• High School：16～18
• College Undergraduates/Young Adults：19～23
A certain amount of money is awarded to first place winners in each category，and valuable gift certificates are awarded to those singers placed second and third.Gift certificates are also possible for those named Honorable Mention.
Notice：
• Video entries must be submitted before February 2，2022.
• The video must clearly show your face.A stationary camera position throughout，showing your face and most of your body，is perfectly acceptable，even preferable.
• Singers are required to sing their selections from memory.If a singer's performance is not memorized，the entry will be disqualified.
• You may sing with a live pianist in your video entry，or you may sing with official Hal Leonard recorded accompaniments.We will not accept unaccompanied entries.You can not accompany yourself.
• You are required to introduce yourself and your selections in the video，either verbally before your selection or with a title card before the songs.
1. How is the competition different from other music competitions？ ______
A. It is held annually. B. It charges no entry fee.
C. It is aimed at teens. D. It offers travel chances.
2. What will go to the first place winners？ ______
A. Cash prizes. B. Travel tickets.
C. Gift certificates. D. Expensive cameras.
3. What are the participants required to do in their video entries？ ______
A. Hide their faces all the time. B. Accompany themselves alone.
C. Sing songs from their memory. D. Avoid introducing themselves.
B
If you tried to give rock'n' roll another name，you might have called it Chuck Berry.
Chuck Berry was 29 years old in 1955.He'd been playing mostly blues and R8 B standards in a St.Louis club for several years.But he had started writing his own songs，combining elements of white country music.On a Friday night in May，1955，he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters.After the performance，he casually asked him， "How do you get in touch with a record company？"
"Why don't you go and see Leonard Chess on 47th？" Muddy Waters replied.
So early Monday morning，Berry went to Chess Records and positioned himself in a store across the street.When Leonard Chess arrived，Berry ran over and made a .Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material，
Berry returned the following week，bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.
"And we set the band up，and we played all four of them，" Berry said. "We don't know what they were saying，but they listened."
Berry thought they were listening to "Wee Wee Hours"，a blues song.After all，Chess Records was known around Chicago as a blues label.But Leonard Chess was fascinated by "Ida Mae" that Berry had adapted from a traditional country tune called "Ida Red".
Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name.It was too rural （土气的）.But nobody could think of a name.They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it 'Maybellene'？"
"Maybellene" quickly rose to No.l on the R&B chart.Two weeks later，it hit No.5 on the all-important pop chart.In the years following "Maybellene"，Chuck Berry produced an astonishing string of hits，such as "Roll Over Beethoven" "School Days" and "Sweet Little Sixteen"
In 1972，Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name： "My Ding-A-Ling".
4. Why did Chuck Berry go to Chicago on the Friday night in May，1955？ ______
A. To sell his first record B. To find a record company.
C. To watch a performance. D. To interview Muddy Waters.
5. What does the underlined word "pitch" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Performance. B. Argument.
C. Invitation. D. Self-introduction.
6. How did Leonard Chess get the name "Maybellene" for the song？ ______
A. He accidently saw a shoe label.
B. He was inspired by the sweet music.
C. It was recommended by an ad agency.
D. It was the result of thorough research.
7. What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A. "Wee Wee Hours" is a typical rock song.
B. The name of a song is not so important.
C. "Ida Mae" is much better than "Ida Red"
D. "My Ding-A-Ling" is not good enough.
C
By now，you've likely heard of the metaverse（元宇宙）.
Last month，Mark Zuckerberg sent everyone running to their dictionaries to figure out what he was talking about when he said Facebook was changing its name to Meta and declared the metaverse not only the future for his company，but the future for the Internet.
Actually，the word and concept aren't new.Neal Stephenson made up the term in his 1991 science-fiction book Snow Crash，in which people use avatars（分身）to explore an online world.A number of small metaverses have since developed，where people can do many real life things—like working out，meeting with colleagues，or taking a class—but all online and through a pair of eyeglasses that costs around ﹩ 3，500 and other more expensive equipment.
"They are virtual worlds where you feel like you're inside a cool video game.But it's so much more than a game because it's like the Internet，where you're socially connected and you can do almost anything in the metaverse，"said Jason Moore who teaches virtual art at Brooklyn College and spends a couple of hours in the metaverse every day. "There are currently a handful of mostly unconnected metaverse platforms，including VRChat，NeosVR，and my studio at the college."
He hopes that cheaper equipment and faster Internet connections might put it within mainstream applications like tourism and provide us with the most powerful educational tool ever invented within a couple of years.
But Frances Haugen，a former Google's designer，warns that metaverses could harm personal calculation skills and further divide societies as each user stays in their own virtual realities.She is also worried that they are likely to become more addictive than the current social media and rob people of more personal information.
8. Who invented the word and concept of metaverses？ ______
A. Jason Moore. B. Frances Haugen.
C. Mark Zuckerberg. D. Neal Stephenson.
9. What can we most probably do in Jason Moore's metaverse？ ______
A. Take a class. B. Work out with friends.
C. Play video games. D. Tour around the world.
10. Which of the following can best describe Frances Haugen's attitude to metaverses？ ______
A. Positive. B. Disapproving. C. Unconcerned. D. Excited.
11. What is the suitable title for the text？ ______
A. A Very Brief Introduction to the So-called Metaverses
B. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Metaverses
C. Why Did Facebook Want to Change Its Name to Meta？
D. What Do Scientists and Experts Think of the Metaverses？
D
Last year，more than 130 million tons of single-use plastics were thrown away.Now，a new report finds that just 20 companies produced more than half of all single-use plastic waste worldwide.
The report，published Tuesday by Australia's Mindoro Foundation，offers one of the fullest accounting of the companies behind the production of single-use plastics that researchers believe could account for as much as 10% of global greenhouse emissions by 2050.The study has further identified 20 companies as the source of 55% of the world's single-use plastic waste in 2020，while the top 100 companies account for more than 90%.
The report also has studied the money invested （投资） in the production of single-use plastics.It finds that 20 biggest investors hold shares worth close to ﹩ 300 billion in the single-use plastic producers.The top three investors are US-based Vanguard Group，Black Rock and Capital Group，which according to the report have an estimated ﹩ 6 billion invested in the production of single-use plastics.
Since most plastic is made from oil and gas，the production and consumption of plastic is becoming a significant driver of the climate crisis.The report warns that in the next five years，the global capacity to produce the materials needed for single-use plastics could grow by more than 30%.And much of the resulting single-use plastic waste will end up as pollution in developing countries with poor plastic waste management systems，according to the report.
Solving the issue will require serious changes from producers，investors and banks，the authors write.The report says that producers of polymers—known as the building blocks of plastics—should begin disclosing their single-use plastic waste "footprint"，while banks and investors should entirely stop their financing，in stages，that goes toward the production of single-use plastics.In addition，search for more environment-friendly materials should be encouraged.
12. How much single-use plastic waste was produced by the top 20 companies in 2020？ ______
A. About 13 million tons. B. About 65 million tons.
C. About 71.5 million tons. D. About 117 million tons.
13. Where are the top three investors from？ ______
A. China. B. The UK. C. Australia. D. The US.
14. What does the fourth paragraph focus on？ ______
A. The causes of the global warming.
B. The potential harmful effects of plastic.
C. The materials used to produce plastic.
D. The fast growth of the plastic waste.
15. Which measure is mentioned to reduce the plastic waste？ ______
A. Plastic producers should pay for the waste.
B. Plastic waste can be exported to poor countries.
C. The production of single-use plastics should be stopped now.
D. More efforts are needed to replace plastics with other materials.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Digital citizenship can be defined as thinking critically，behaving safely，and participating responsibly in the digital world.Today，we will look at how teachers can support good digital citizenship through safe，kind and healthy use of social media.
(1) .How does it make them feel？Do the young people want to change anything about the way they interact with others online？
Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying （网络欺凌） and hate speech. (2) .They should also know how to deal with them.In addition，teachers should let students know that they are available to help when they face these online problems.
Use social media to stay in touch.Teachers should choose a social media their students often use.Teachers can limit posts or messages to once or twice per class period. (3) ，so one person's question can be shared by others.But teachers have to make sure they do not help one student without giving the same information to the other students.
Teachers need to set time limits for using social media with students.Teachers could say they will only answer questions until nine at night on school nights，for example. (4) .
Part of digital citizenship is related to privacy.When sharing something done in class，teachers must remember to post pictures of students' work but not of the students themselves. (5) .
Social media is an increasingly important part of students' lives.With the guidance of teachers，young people can learn to become good digital citizens.
A．Forbid students spreading hate speech online
B．This is done to protect the online privacy of students
C．Students should provide the necessary information to teachers
D．Young people need to recognize the differences among these issues
E．They have to let students know that teachers need to stay offline，too
F．Teachers can begin by talking with students about how they use social media
G．Another idea is to encourage students to ask questions on the shared social media
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At 7：00 am on July 26，I found myself sheltering under a large rock with "strangers" telling jokes as it rained heavily with thunder.I was approaching the end to the journey that led me here，one hike （徒步旅行） that had(21)five months earlier at Amicalola Falls State Park in Georgia.
My(22)had taken me through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests，and through it all，various(23)seemed endless too. (24)，I received random kindness along the way to pull me through.
I started the hike without a partner，but I didn't travel(25).Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen and other(26)strangers formed a vast network that kept my hike going on.
On Day 5 of my hike，trembling in the cold February dusk，I rolled up to a shelter in Georgia and was(27)by other hikers，among whom a girl about my age cheerfully introduced herself as "Skippy".Over the miles to come，together with these new(28)，I felt motivated to(29)my hike.
After the first mountains of Virginia had fallen behind us at 500 miles，the challenge of the hike became (30)，as 1，700 miles of the same view-less climbs stretched on.Overcoming boredom(31)the real hikers from the quitters.I managed to(32)as those new friends kept me entertained and inspired.
When the(33)stopped，my fellow hikers and I pressed on and up.Softly，the clouds slipped away to(34)the final half-mile to the summit（顶点）.When I finally made it to the (35)，I gave Skippy a hug.
21. A. disappeared B. begun C. changed D. failed
22. A. joke B. habit C. journey D. life
23. A. challenges B. performances C. experiences D. meetings
24. A. Suddenly B. Unfortunately C. Regularly D. Thankfully
25. A. asleep B. alone C. awake D. alive
26. A. modest B. supportive C. helpless D. honest
27. A. educated B. overlooked C. welcomed D. defeated
28. A. companions B. competitors C. examiners D. servants
29. A. delay B. cancel C. continue D. record
30. A. physical B. distant C. ambiguous D. mental
31. A. removed B. protected C. benefited D. separated
32. A. hold on B. give in C. break down D. get away
33. A. earthquake B. ceremony C. storm D. exhibition
34. A. make way for B. take notice of C. look forward to D. catch up with
35. A. bottom B. top C. side D. edge
36. 第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Dogs may be man's best friends，but let's not forget that a faithful fetching stick is a dog's another best friend if you don't have a tennis ball at hand.
So when Andrew Taylor noticed that there (1) （be） a lack of good sticks at his local park，he (2) （ immediate） determined to take matters into his own hands.
The 59-year-old dad (3) had been chopping （砍） off extra branches from some trees in his yard made a decision (4) （build） a "Stick Library" for all the local dogs.
After (5) （ turn） the branches into several dozen conveniently-sized (6) （piece），he put them into a hand-crafted box (7) the words "Stick Library：Please Return" and brought it to the park.
Since Taylor and his daughter hosted a small neighborhood inauguration （开幕） party for the Stick Library，more than 50 dogs and their owners (8) （ enjoy） a game of fetch with the sticks.
"As people started to arrive，there was a (9) （disbelieve） of how simple the idea was，but it's one of those ideas no one had thought of，" said Taylor's daughter Tayla Reece. "All the dog owners appreciate (10) ，as they all have experienced the 'good stick search'，which isn't always fruitful.It's an idea that just makes sense to them."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是李华，得知你的留学生朋友Allen寒假期间因故不能回国，想邀请他到你家共度春节。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）春节活动；
（3）表达期待。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Allen，
_______
Yours，
Li Hua
38. 第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sally had been playing football all summer.She really enjoyed running after the black and white ball across the grassy field with the other players in her bright orange uniform.
Before each game，they had a practice session.The coach showed her and her team how to pass the ball to each other and take shots at the goal.She was pretty good at passing the ball，but every time she got a chance to kick the ball to the goal，it would be stopped by a player from the other team or be caught by the goalkeeper.Now the football season was almost over and she still had not scored one single goal.She really felt discouraged and wondered if she should quit football and join a different club.
"After all，I am a girl.I was not born for such a rough game，" Sally told herself. "I will try another club." She even daydreamed that she was a member of the hip hop club and she was dancing on stage in a big auditorium with thousands of people cheering for her.She also thought about joining a different sport，like jogging or cycling.Anyway，football would be her last choice.
"Don't give up.No one is born for the game.Use your advantage，" the coach said after Sally told him her doubt during a break between the sessions. "Most important of all，believe yourself.You can do it."
Sally was not totally convinced but she did want to have a try.When the break was over，the coach blew his whistle to start the game again.The two teams walked back onto the field，both determined to win.Sally bent down to tie up her shoes and repeated what the coach had said in her mind. "Use your advantage.Believe yourself.You can do it."
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sally stood up and took a deep breath.
_______
As the game was drawing to an end，the scores were in a tie.
_______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第二段中的Unlike almost every other music competition，there is no entry fee，（与几乎所有其他音乐比赛不同的是，该比赛不收取报名费，）可知这个比赛与其他音乐比赛的不同之处是不收取参赛费。所以答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中的A certain amount of money is awarded to first place winners in each category，（每个类别的第一名将获得一定金额的奖金，）可知一等奖的获得者可以获得现金奖励。所以答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Notice部分•Singers are required to sing their selections from memory.If a singer's performance is not memorized，the entry will be disqualified.（•歌手被要求凭记忆演唱他们的选段。如果歌手的表演没有被记住，将被取消参赛资格。）可知，参赛者在参赛视频中必须要脱稿唱歌。所以答案为C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个音乐比赛的相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。由文章第一段On a Friday night in May，1955，he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters. （1955年5月的一个星期五晚上，他开车去芝加哥观看Muddy Waters乐队的演出。）可知，他去观看一个演出。故选C项。
（2）D.词句猜测题。由文章第三段Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material，Berry returned the following week，bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.（这位年轻人的自信给Chess留下了深刻的印象，并告诉他带着自己的材料回来。Berry第二周回来了，带来了俱乐部的其他成员和四首新歌。）可知，前面应该Berry给Chess做了一个"自我介绍"。A.Performance表现；B.Argument争论；C.Invitation邀请；D.Self-introduction自我介绍。故选D项。
（3）A.细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene'？"（他们环顾四周，看到一个印有"Maybellene"字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说："为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene'？"）可知，Leonard Chess通过一个鞋的品牌名字给他歌命名的。故选A项。
（4）B.推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name.It was too rural .But nobody could think of a name.They looked around and saw a shoe box with "Maybellene" printed on it.Leonard Chess said， "Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene'？"（Chess确信这首新歌会很受欢迎，但他不喜欢这个名字。太土了。但是没有人能想到一个名字。他们环顾四周，看到一个印有"Maybellene"字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说："为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene'？"）以及最后一段In 1972，Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name： "My Ding-A-Ling".（1972年，查克•贝里（ChuckBerry）终于凭借一个更具乡村气息的名字"我的丁阿玲"（MyDing-a-Ling）在流行音乐排行榜上获得了第一名。）可知，Leonard Chess他们给歌取名字还是比较随意的，Maybellene这首歌最后还是很红，MyDing-a-Ling是很有乡村气息的名字但也是很出名，所以歌的名字不是很重要，最主要是内容。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲Chuck Berry怎样走上摇滚音乐创作的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、A、B、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Neal Stephenson made up the term in his 1991 science-fiction book Snow Crash（尼尔•斯蒂芬森在他1991年的科幻小说《雪崩》中创造了这个词。）可知，这个概念是由科幻作家Neal Stephenson创造出来的。所以答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段"They are virtual worlds where you feel like you're inside a cool video game.But it's so much more than a game because it's like the Internet，where you're socially connected and you can do almost anything in the metaverse，"said Jason Moore who teaches virtual art at Brooklyn College and spends a couple of hours in the metaverse every day.（"它们是虚拟世界，让你感觉自己置身于一款很酷的电子游戏中。但它远不止是一款游戏，因为它就像互联网，你可以在社交网络上联系起来，你可以在元世界里做几乎任何事情，"在布鲁克林学院教授虚拟艺术的杰森•摩尔说，他每天都要在元世界里呆上几个小时。）可知我们可以在他的元宇宙工作室中上课。所以答案为A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第六段"But Frances Haugen，a former Google's designer，warns that metaverses could harm personal calculation skills and further divide societies as each user stays in their own virtual realities.She is also worried that they are likely to become more addictive than the current social media and rob people of more personal information.（但谷歌的前设计师弗朗西丝•豪根警告说，元宇宙可能会损害个人计算能力，并进一步分化社会，因为每个用户都停留在自己的虚拟现实中。她还担心它们可能会比当前的社交媒体更容易让人上瘾，并剥夺人们更多的个人信息）"可知，她认为元宇宙会带来很多负面影响，所以她对元宇宙是持否定态度的。A．Positive.肯定的；B．Disapproving.不同意的；C．Unconcerned.担忧的；D．Excited.兴奋的。所以答案为B。
（4）标题判断题。文章首先介绍了元宇宙的概念是由谁提出来的，接下来通过行内人士解释了元宇宙的现状及可能存在的问题，所以A．A Very Brief Introduction to the So-called Metaverses（关于所谓的元宇宙的简介）作为题目最合适。所以答案为A。
本文是一篇说明文。近来元宇宙着实火了。那么这到底是个什么东西呢？文章给我们进行了详细介绍。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】C、D、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段的"Last year，more than 130 million tons of single-use plastics were thrown away.（去年，超过1.3亿吨一次性塑料被丢弃。）和第二段的The study has further identified 20 companies as the source of 55% of the world's single-use plastic waste in 2020，while the top 100 companies account for more than 90%.（该研究进一步确定了20家公司是2020年全球55%一次性塑料垃圾的来源，而排名前100的公司占90%以上。）可知2020年，排名前20位的公司制造了约7150万吨（130 X55%）一次性塑料垃圾。所以答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第三段的The top three investors are US-based Vanguard Group，Black Rock and Capital Group，which according to the report have an estimated ﹩ 6 billion invested in the production of single-use plastics.（前三大投资者分别是美国先锋集团（Vanguard Group）、黑岩（Black Rock）和资本集团（Capital Group），根据该报告，这些公司在一次性塑料生产方面的投资估计为60亿美元。）可知一次性塑料的投资者主要来自美国。所以答案为D。
（3）段落大意题。由文章第四段 Since most plastic is made from oil and gas，the production and consumption of plastic is becoming a significant driver of the climate crisis.The report warns that in the next five years，the global capacity to produce the materials needed for single-use plastics could grow by more than 30%.And much of the resulting single-use plastic waste will end up as pollution in developing countries with poor plastic waste management systems，according to the report.（由于大多数塑料是由石油和天然气制成的，塑料的生产和消费正成为气候危机的重要驱动因素。该报告警告称，未来五年，全球生产一次性塑料所需材料的能力可能增长30%以上。该报告称，在塑料垃圾管理系统不完善的发展中国家，大量由此产生的一次性塑料垃圾最终将成为污染。）可知本段重点介绍了塑料的潜在有害影响。所以答案为B。
（4）细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句In addition，search for more environment-friendly materials should be encouraged.（此外，应该鼓励寻找更环保的材料。）可知文中提到的减少塑料浪费的策略是加大力度寻找可替代材料。所以答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了一次性塑料的主要生产者、投资方、环境危害并提出了相应的处置策略。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】F、D、G、E、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。第一段最后一句we will look at how teachers can support good digital citizenship through safe，kind and healthy use of social media.（我们将研究教师如何通过安全、友好和健康地使用社交媒体来支持良好的数字公民。）可知提到了教师，F．Teachers can begin by talking with students about how they use social media（老师可以从和学生谈论他们如何使用社交媒体开始），提到教师可以从谈论如何使用社交媒体开始，语意承接上文；第三段首句Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying（网络欺凌）and hate speech.（接下来，解释诸如网络欺凌和仇恨言论等问题。）指的是第二步应该怎样做，与F中的" begin "衔接合理，都是指的教师的做法；所以选项F承上启下。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。上一句Next，explain such problems as cyberbullying（网络欺凌）and hate speech.（接下来，解释诸如网络欺凌和仇恨言论等问题。）中提到了"such problems"，选项D中的"these issues"与其相对应，意思相同；D．Young people need to recognize the differences among these issues（年轻人需要认识到这些问题之间的差异），中提到了"Young people"需要认识到这些问题的差异，下一句They should also know how to deal with them.（他们还应该知道如何处理这些问题。）中的"They"与其衔接，都是指年轻人，且句意具有连续性；所以选项D承上启下。故选D。
（3）联系下文题。下一句so one person's question can be shared by others. （所以一个人的问题可以被其他人分享。）提到了"one person's question"，与选项G中的"encourage students to ask questions"相对应；同时，下一句中的"can be shared"也与G中的"on the shared social media"衔接合理；结合上一句Teachers can limit posts or messages to once or twice per class period. （老师们可以限制每节课发布一到两次帖子或信息。）提到了教师可以怎样做，G．Another idea is to encourage students to ask questions on the shared social media（另一个想法是鼓励学生在共享的社交媒体上提问），提出了教师的另一个做法，语意连贯。故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据第五段主题句Teachers need to set time limits for using social media with students.（教师需要为和学生一起使用社交媒体设定时间限制。）可知，本段主要讲述教师必须对在社交媒体上的师生互动时间设限，即教师不可能24小时在线；结合第二句Teachers could say they will only answer questions until nine at nighton school nights，for example.（例如，老师们可以说，在学校的晚上，他们只回答问题到九点。）举例说明了教师不可能随时在线；E．They have to let students know that teachers need to stay offline，too（他们必须让学生知道，老师也需要有离线时间），与本段意思相符，衔接合理。故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据第六段主题句Part of digital citizenship is related to privacy.（数字公民身份的一部分与隐私有关。）可知，本段主要讲述保护隐私，选项B中提到"privacy"，与其相对应；结合第二句When sharing something done in class，teachers must remember to post pictures of students' work but not of the students themselves.（教师应该在社交媒体上发布学生的作品照片，而不是学生本人的照片。）与B．This is done to protect the online privacy of students（这样做是为了保护学生的网络隐私），语意衔接合理，符合本段主题。故选B。
本文是篇议论文。文章主要讲述了教师应该教给学生如何安全、友好和健康地使用社交媒体，以成为良好的数字公民。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、C、A、D、B、B、C、A、C、D、D、A、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.disappeared出现；B.begun开始；C.changed改变；D.failed失败。句意：五个月前，我在格鲁吉亚的亚米卡洛拉瀑布州立公园开始了一次徒步旅行。根据上文"At 7 a.m.on July 6，I found myself in northern Maine，hiding under a large rock with "strangers" telling jokes as it rained heavily."可推断，这个旅程早在五个月前就开始了。故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.joke笑话；B.habit习惯；C.journey旅程；D.life生活。句意：我的旅程让我徒步穿越了阿巴拉契亚山脉沿线的14个州，穿越了无边无际的山脉和森林，经历了这一切，各种挑战似乎也无穷无尽。根据上文"the end to the journey that led me here."可知，作者讲述自己的旅程。故选C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenges挑战；B.performances表演；C.experiences经历；D.meetings会议。句意：我的旅程让我徒步穿越了阿巴拉契亚山脉沿线的14个州，穿越了无边无际的山脉和森林，经历了这一切，各种挑战似乎也无穷无尽。根据上文"had taken me on foot through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests"可推断，作者的旅程要克服很多挑战。故选A。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.Suddenly突然地；B.Unfortunately不幸地；C.Regularly经常地；D.Thankfully感激地。句意：值得感激地是，一路上我收到了各种各样的善意帮助我度过难关。根据上文"had taken me on foot through 14 states along the Appalachian Mountain range，over endless mountains and forests"以及后文"I received random kindness along the way to pull me through. "可知，旅程艰难，但作者得到各种帮助，内心充满感激。故选D。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.asleep睡着地；B.alone独自；C.awake醒着地；D.alive活着的。句意：我开始徒步旅行时没有同伴，但我不是独自旅行。根据下文"Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen and other（6）______strangers formed a vast network that kept my hike going on."可知，作者不是独自一人旅行。故选B。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.modest谦虚的；B.supportive支持的；C.helpless没有帮助的；D.honest诚实的。句意：提供骑行服务的"天使"、乐于助人的修理工和其他支持我的陌生人组成了一个庞大的网络，让我的徒步旅行继续进行。根据本句"Ride-offering "angels"，helpful repairmen"可知，这些是可以提供支持的陌生人。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.educated教育；B.overlooked忽视；C.welcomed欢迎；D.defeated击败。句意：徒步旅行的第五天，我在寒冷的二月黄昏中瑟瑟发抖，来到格鲁吉亚的一个庇护所，受到了其他徒步者的欢迎，其中有一个和我年龄相仿，自称"Skippy"的女孩。根据上文"I received random kindness along the way to pull me through. "以及"I rolled up to a shelter in Georgia"可推断，作者受到欢迎。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.companions同伴；B.competitors竞争者；C.examiners主考人；D.servants仆人。句意：在接下来的旅程中，因为和这些新伙伴一起，我有动力继续我的徒步旅行。根据上文"formed a vast network that kept my hike going on."和"among whom a girl about my age cheerfully introduced herself as "Skippy"."可知，他们都是作者的同伴。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.delay推迟；B.cancel取消；C.continue继续；D.record记录。句意：在接下来的旅程中，因为和这些新伙伴一起，我有动力继续我的徒步旅行。根据上文"I felt motivated"可知，作者受到鼓舞，继续旅程。故选C。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.physical物质的，身体的；B.distant遥远的；C.ambiguous不明确的；D.mental心理的，精神上的。句意：在我们前行距弗吉尼亚州的第一座山500英里处之后，这条路最具挑战性的地形逐渐变成了精神上的挑战，因为1700英里的看不见的攀登一直延伸着。根据后文"as 1，700 miles of the same viewless climbs stretched on"可知，这条路最具挑战性的地形逐渐变成了精神上的挑战。故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.removed去除；B.protected保护；C.benefited受益；D.separated分离。句意：克服无聊可区分真正的徒步旅行者和半途而废者。根据下文"the real hikers from the quitters"推知，长距离的徒步会面临疲乏，有的人会中途放弃。因此，克服疲乏能够把真正的徒步者与中途放弃者区分开来。故选D。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.hold on坚持；B.give in屈服；C.break down出故障，崩溃；D.get away离开，脱身。句意：那些新朋友给了我快乐和鼓舞，我设法坚持了下来根据下文"as those new friends kept me entertained and inspired."可知，在新朋友的陪伴和鼓励下，作者设法坚持了下来。故选A。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.earthquake地震；B.ceremony仪式；C.storm暴风雨；D.exhibition展览。句意：暴风雨停了以后，我和我的徒步同伴们继续往前走。根据后文 "the clouds slipped away"可知，"暴风雨"符合语境。故选C。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make way for给……让路；B.take notice of注意到；C.look forward to期待；D.catch up with追上。句意：云层轻轻地溜走，露出了距离山顶最后半英里的地方。根据前文 "the clouds slipped away"可知，云层散去，让路给通往山顶的最后半英里，即最后半英里路显现了出来。故选A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.bottom底部；B.top顶部；C.side侧面；D.edge边缘。句意：当我最终成功到达山顶时，我拥抱了Skippy。根据上文"the final half-mile to the summit"可知，到达山顶时作者拥抱了Skippy。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在为期5个月的长途徒步旅行中得到陌生人的帮助和支持，这些陌生人的善意支撑作者顺利完成了艰难的旅行。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】was
【小题2】immediately
【小题3】who/that
【小题4】to build
【小题5】turning
【小题6】pieces
【小题7】with
【小题8】have enjoyed/have been enjoying
【小题9】disbelief
【小题10】it
【解析】（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，当安德鲁•泰勒注意到当地公园缺乏好的棍子时，他立即决定亲自处理问题。"there be+主语"句型，根据主句的谓语noticed可知，此处描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，又因为主语是a lack of good sticks，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
（2）考查副词。句意：因此，当安德鲁•泰勒注意到当地公园缺乏好的棍子时，他立即决定亲自处理问题。分析句子可知，副词immediately作状语，修饰动词determined。故填immediately。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：这位59岁的父亲曾在自家院子里砍树上多余的树枝，他决定为当地所有的狗建立一个"抓取棒图书馆"。分析句子可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是The 59-yearold dad，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：这位59岁的父亲曾在自家院子里砍树上多余的树枝，他决定为当地所有的狗建立一个"抓取棒图书馆"。固定搭配make a decision to do sth. （决定做某事），build用动词不定式形式。故填to build。
（5）考查动名词。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。介词After后用动名词形式作宾语，turn用动名词形式。故填turning。
（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。piece是可数名词，根据空前的修饰词several dozen可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填pieces。
（7）考查介词。句意：在把树枝变成几十个大小合适的一段后，他把它们放进一个手工制作的盒子里，盒子上写着"Stick Library：Please Return"，然后把它带到了公园。此处意为"盒子上带有字"，故此处用介词with （具有）。故填with。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：自从泰勒和他的女儿为"抓取棒图书馆"举办了一个小型社区开幕派对以来，50多只狗和它们的主人一直在玩着用木棍来取东西的游戏。根据空前的从句"Since+句子（时态是一般过去时）"可知，主句的谓语动词enjoy用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主句主语more than 50 dogs and their owners复数，主语谓语也复数形式。故填have enjoyed/have been enjoying。
（9）考查可数名词的单数。句意：泰勒的女儿Tayla Reece说："当人们开始到来时，人们都不敢相信这个想法有多么简单，但这是没有人想到的想法之一。"根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处用单数名词disbelief。故填disbelief。
（10）考查代词。句意：所有的狗主人都很感激这一想法，因为他们都经历过'棒棒搜索'，但这并不总是有成效的。分析句子可知，此处指代前面提到的 the idea，用代词 it。故填it。
本文是一篇记叙文。一位59岁的男士制作了"狗狗抓取棒图书馆"，狗主人可以从这里免费借用抓取棒。这一举措解决了很多狗主人寻找抓取棒的难题。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Allen，
Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation，I'm writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family.【高分句型一】I wonder if you could come to my house at 9：00 am，January 20.【高分句型二】（写信目的）
The Spring Festival is the most distinctive traditional Chinese festival.We will put up various decorations to add the mood of celebration.We will also make dumplings and set off fireworks.Family members will gather to enjoy a reunion dinner.（春节活动）
My family are expecting your arrival with sincerity.I do hope you can join us.（表达期待）
Yours.
LiHua
【解析】高分句型一：Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation，I'm writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family.
翻译：知道在即将到来的寒假你将不得不留在中国而不是回家，我写信邀请你和我的家人一起过春节。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home during the upcoming winter vacation作原因状语及that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：I wonder if you could come to my house at 9：00 am，January 20.
翻译：我想知道你能否在1月20日上午9点来我家。
分析：本句运用了if引导的宾语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Sally stood up and took a deep breath.She tried to figure out what she was good at doing.【高分句型一】Suddenly she knew what she could do and she headed to her position with confidence.Even if she didn't get one goal all summer，she was sure that she could pass the ball better than most of the boys.That was something she was really proud of and it would her real strength.（描写了萨莉给自己建立信心，找到自己的优势来鼓励自己）
As the game was drawing to an end，the scores were in a tie.Both teams were trying their best to get the ball close to the goals.No one paid too much attention to Sally who found a perfect position and waited there.【高分句型二】At that very moment，the ball ran to her.She quickly took control of it and tried to get as close to the goal as possible.Focused on the ball，she kicked it as hard as she could. "Goal!" said the coach.（描写了萨莉在比赛中终于找到了进球的机会以及她的反应）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨莉是一名足球队队员，非常热爱足球，但是她一个球也没有进过，她有点泄气，教练鼓励她，回到赛场上，她决心再试一下。
高分句型一：She tried to figure out what she was good at doing.
翻译：她试图弄清楚自己擅长做什么。
分析：本句运用了what引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：No one paid too much attention to Sally who found a perfect position and waited there.
翻译：没有人太注意萨利，她找到了一个完美的位置，在那里等着。
分析：本句运用了who引导的限制性定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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