2023届高考英语一轮复习语法总动员之阅读理解（6）

这是一份2023届高考英语一轮复习语法总动员之阅读理解（6），共10页。
2023届高考英语一轮复习语法总动员之阅读理解（6）1.    Werewolves (狼人) aren’t the only creatures affected by the moon’s cycles (周期) . A full moon also affects people’s sleep more or less, reports a Swiss team of scientists. Even people who sleep in a lab without windows could reduce their sleeping time a little once a month.    To test the moon’s influence, 33 adults of both sexes and ages of many kinds spent several nights in a sleep lab. As they slept, researchers recorded their brain activity, eye movements and hormone levels (荷尔蒙水平). On nights closer to a full moon, the sleepers took an average of five minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept for 20 minutes less. In addition, brain activity fell by 30 percent during the sleep. And hormone levels that help control sleep cycles went down. On these nights, the sleepers complained they couldn’t sleep well even though they didn’t know the moon’s cycle. On the bright side, no sleeper turned into a werewolf.    The Swiss team doesn’t know how the moon affects sleep. The gravity (重力) of the moon causes ocean tides (潮汐) to rise and fall. But that force is too weak to affect sleep, Gajochen says. He believed some body’s biological clock may be affected by the moon cycles. There may be another reason, says David Dinges. This sleep researcher at the University Of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia says that the body clock is very sensitive (敏感的) to light at night. Those sleepers could have been affected by having too much moonlight before arriving at the lab.1.The writer mentioned “werewolves” in the first paragraph to _________.A. show there are the moon’s cycles B. attract people’s attention to the reportC. introduce a creature to readers D. ask people not to sleep alone in the lab2.What happened to the sleepers during the experiment on a full moon?A. They slept for about five minutes longer. B. They could only sleep for 20 minutes.C. Their brains were not as active as they were D. They complained they were too tired to sleep.3.Even in the sleep lab, people’s sleep is still affected by the moon’s cycles, probably because of ________.A. hormone levels B. ocean tides C. their brain activity D. moonlight4.The passage is mainly about _________.A. the sleeping problems caused by the moon’s cyclesB. the influence of the moon on human sleeping habitsC. the moon’s influence on sleeping and its possible reasonsD. the ways to get a better sleep on a full moon night2.    "Carers" are all sorts of people with so many different caring roles. I know this only too well from attending my severely ill mother as a teenager, to having main carer responsibility for my Nanna for her last ten years, to now as a father caring for my disabled son.    But more importantly, I was also cared for. My dad had died when I was four, so after my mum died, it was my amazing Nanna and Grandad who took me in. Because they were my grandparents, I never really thought of them as "carers"，and I don't think they did either. Back then, I probably didn9t even know what 66kinship(亲属关系) carer" meant    It wasn't easy for them. My mother's long illness and early death nearly broke them. I used to think looking after me helped them deal with their heartbreak. But the truth is, they helped me get over my mum's death. Surrounding me with unquestioning love, they were classic kinship carers.    Working as a lawyer, I've helped a surprisingly large number of kinship carers over the years—mostly grandparents, fighting the system for their precious grandchildren. I like to think I go the extra mile, which helped them face the challenges. More than 180,000 children across the UK are being raised by kinship carers today, but the huge challenges facing them are too often forgotten by politicians and policymakers.    What my Nanna and Grandad did—and what kinship carers across the UK are doing today—is amazing. They are giving a loving home to these children, while reducing the stress on the formal care system―ven though it may add difficulties to their own life. We can't thank and support them too much.5.The author knows very well about what carers are by _____.A. giving and getting care B. doing voluntary workC. becoming a parent  D. learning from carers6.According to the text, what did the author's Nanna and Grandad do?A. They took care of the author's ill mother.B. They spoiled the author with too much love.C. They offered to look after the author's children.D. They helped the author get through hard times.7.What does the underlined part “go the extra mile” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Take the wrong way.  B. Make a special effort.C. Save much precious time. D. Do some unnecessary work.8.What would be the best title for the text?A. Carers Face Huge Challenges B. More Kinship Carers NeededC. Carers Deserve Recognition and Support D. British Policies Intended for Kinship Carers3.    The well-known adventurer (冒险家) and explorer Steve Fossett, born in 1944 in America, was famous for extraordinary efforts setting world records in flying, ballooning and sailing. He set or broke over 100 records in five different sports, many of which are still held. Many of his most extraordinary adventures were as a pilot. He once said that he did not like risks. This might sound strange considering his activities. But he said what he tried to do was to reduce risk with careful planning, technological development and the help of the best scientists and other experts. In 2007, during a short-distance flight, his plane disappeared and he died at the age of 63.    In 1903 Benjamin Spock was born in America. After he attended Yale University he joined a sports team that competed in rolling boats, which in 1924 won the gold medal at the Olympic Games in Paris. He used to work at a camp for disabled children for three summers during his years at Yale. And the experience probably led to his decision to enter Yale Medical School, and finally completed his medical degree at Columbia in New York. From 1933 he worked as a baby doctor, trying to fit the theories (理论) about how children develop with what mothers told him about their children. During the 1950s, Dr Spock became famous. He wrote articles for magazines, appeared on TV programs, taught at universities and gave speeches to talk to parents about their concerns (担心). Benjamin died in 1998 at 94. Yet his advice continues to affect the lives of millions of children and their parents.    An 80-year-old Japanese mountain climber who has had four heart surgeries (手术) reached the top of Mount on Thursday, becoming the oldest to climb up the world's highest mountain on May 23, 2013. It was Yuichiro Miura. As a famous adventurer, he skied down Everest from the South Col in 1970, a deed that became the subject of a documentary. He has since skied down the highest mountains on each of the seven continents, following the tradition of his late father, who skied down Europe's Mont Blanc at 99. "If you wish strongly, have courage and endurance, then you can get to the summit (顶峰) of your dream, Miura said.9.From Steve Fossett's story we can infer that _____.A. no amount of planning can prevent the possibility of risk in lifeB. careful planning and high technology can help reduce risk to zeroC. the scientists and other experts contribute to Steve Fossett's deathD. the risk in short-distance flights can hardly be avoided completely10.What is the main achievement of Benjamin Spock according to the author?A His courage to challenge medical field.B. His contribution to children and their parents.C. His active social activities to help the poor family.D. His winning the Olympic gold medal in rolling boats.11.What can we learn from Yuichiro Miura's experience?A. Luck and misfortune comes in turn. B. It is never too late to learn.C. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.12.Which of the following can best describe the common personality of the three people?A. Honest. B. Dangerous. C. Strong will. D. Stressed.4.    Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition & Theatre Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare’s works. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright (剧作家), Shakespeare, and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him.    Group Visits to the Exhibition &Theatre Tour    Opening Hours    Exhibition:    Monday—Sunday9:00a.m.-5:00p.m    Theatre Tours:    November-February 9:30a.m.-4:30p.m    March-October    Monday: 9:30a.m.-5:00p.m    Tuesday-Saturday 9:30a.m.-12:30p.m    Sunday: 9:30a.m.-11:30a.m    Groups of 15 people or more are required to book their visit in advance and each group will have its own guide for free. To make a reservation, please fill in a group request form and return it to us via email.    Exhibition and Theatre Tour Prices    Adult:£15.00    Senior(60+)£13.50    Student( with valid ID)£11.50    Child(5-15) £8.00    Complementary: Every 16th person is free    Getting here    Shakespeare’s Globe, 21 New Globe Walk, London SE19DT, UK    We have improved security, with all bags being checked. Please arrive in good time, and do not bring any large bags and check the calendar before your visit or call 44(0)20 7902 1500 to find out about our latest opening times.    Visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi. There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge (open 24 hours, seven days a week). Taxi may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It may also be possible to pick one up from outside the entrance hall on New Globe Walk.13.If a group of 20 children visit the Exhibition &Theatre Tour, what is required for them to do?A. They need to hire a guide themselves. B. They must be protected by an adult.C. They need to pay nothing for tickets . D. They need to book in advance.14.How much money is needed at least if there are 10 adults, 5 children and a senior(60+)?A. £203.5 B. £188.5 C. £190 D. £195.515.In which column(专栏) of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?A. Arts B. News C. Sales D. Jobs5.A new study suggests that crop insurance serves as a disincentive (抑制因素）for farmers to adopt climate change relief measures on their croplands.The study by researchers at North Carolina State University examined the interactions of warmer temperatures, crop yield (产量）risk and crop insurance participation by farmers. For the study, researchers developed models using historical county-level corn and soybean yield data in the United States, with an eye toward understanding the production impacts of rising temperatures.The researchers found that variation in crop yield due to higher temperatures rose when more farmers had crop insurance. Interestingly, the results showed greater variability effects for corn yields than for soybean yields.“This could be an unintended consequence of the government’s providing subsidies for crop insurance, which costs a large sum of money,” said Rod M. Rejesus, professor of agricultural and resource economics at NC State and the author of the research study. “The concept of moral crisis could be present here. If insurance will cover crop losses due to various effects like drought or severe weather, a farmer may not want to pay the extra expense for climate change adaptation efforts such as using cover crops to improve soil health, for example.” The study models indicate that an increase of daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 1 degree Celsius would increase county-level corn yield variability by 8. 6 bushels (1 bushel equals to 35. 24 L) per acre if 80% of farmers in a county have crop insurance. The same temperature rise in a county with 10% crop insurance participation would increase corn yield variability by just 6.2 bushels per acre.The researchers bring up possible solutions to this situation for policymakers. They in­clude providing more subsidies to encourage farmers use of climate change relief efforts—like soil health practices—and starting high-level policy conversations about how to possibly adjust rules and guidelines that govern crop insurance contracts in order to reduce the disincentive effects.16.What does the study find about crop insurance?A. It ensures crop production. B. It leads to unexpected side effects.C. It results in worse climate change. D. It doesn't bring any benefits to farmers.17.What does the underlined word “subsidies” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Market support. B. Verbal support. C. Technical assistance. D. Financial aid.18.What might explain the unintended consequence of crop insurance?A. Moral crisis. B. Law issue. C. Study models. D. Custom change.19.How did the author show the effects of crop insurance on corn yield variability?A. By doing experiments. B. By making a comparison.C. By listing figures.  D. By consulting experts.6.Wouldn't it be great if you could correct your eyesight, especially nearsightedness, and reduce your dependence on glasses and needn't have eye surgery? The solution is called orthokeratology, or ortho-k(角膜塑形镜).What is ortho-k?Orthokeratology (ortho-k) is the fitting of specially designed contact lenses(隐形眼镜）that you wear overnight. While you are asleep, the lenses gently reshape the front surface of your cornea(角膜）so you can see clearly the following day after you remove the lenses when you wake up.How Long does the ortho-k effect last?You should be able to see acceptably well without glasses or contact lenses for a day or two, sometimes longer. For best results, one should wear the ortho-k lenses every night.Who are good candidates for ortho-k?Most people with mild to average nearsightedness are good candidates for ortho-k. Because the corneal reshaping effect is temporary, little risk is involved, and you can discontinue wearing the lenses at any time. Children and young adults who want to be glasses-free but are too young for eye surgery or are afraid of taking the surgery often are good candidates for ortho-k. People who participate in contact sports or work in dusty environments that can have problems for contact lens wear also can be good candidates.How much does ortho-k cost?Costs also can vary based on the region of the country and the type of practice where you have the procedure performed. Ortho-k prices in the US generally range from $ 1,000 to $2,000. But particularly difficult cases of ortho-k can cost as much as $4,000.There are additional costs for lens care solutions and following up exams, which can total about $300 to $ 500 per year.Finally, keep in mind that, as with all contact lenses, there are some possible side effects of wearing ortho-k lenses. Ask your eye doctor for details.20.According to the passage, which way is introduced to correct eyesight?
A. Performing an operation on the cornea. B. Applying contact lenses in the daytime.
C. Fitting proper glasses during the night. D. Wearing specially designed contact lenses.21.Which of the following statements is right?
A. You have to wear ortho-k day and night to ensure good results.
B. Ortho-k is a good choice for a man with average nearsightedness.
C. The cost of ortho-k in the city is higher than that in the countryside.
D. There is no need for people to worry about the side effects of ortho-k.22.How much will a person pay for using oilho-k for the first year at least?
A. $1,000. B. $ 1,300. C. $1,500. D. $2,000.7.Streaming first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime.In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable (有线电视) user pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations (提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99—on top of the service's monthly fee of $6.99.Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition "to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.23.What do the underlined words "Goliath" and "David" in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. TV viewers.  B. TV programs.C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.24.Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions?A. They cannot go without it.B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.C. Netflix has controlled the market.D. They think it is good value for money.25.What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney?A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.26.What do binge-watchers tend to do?A. They start a new life.  B. They watch TV series continuously.C. They break world records. D. They watch TV series aimlessly8.Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders.     Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes-that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, "A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed." Bedrosian says.In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of "behavioral despair", 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinings (分子基础)as animal studies can, says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be "an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior."27.After being exposed to continuous nighttime light, the mice ________.A. changed their preferences      B. escaped from the water more eagerlyC. showed less interest in their favorites D.remained active as before 28.What does the underlined word “quash" in Para. 4 probably mean?A. study     B. predict     C.cause       D. ease29.We can learn from the last paragraph that__________.A. human mood disorders cannot be healed easily.B. light at night may have practical value.C. the biological clock is beneficial to humans.D. human studies are more important than animal studies.30.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Nighttime light may develop depression.B. A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.C. The study on animals can be applied to humans.D. Human biological clock can be controlled by light.


        答案以及解析1.答案：B2.答案：C3.答案：D4.答案：C5.答案：A6.答案：D7.答案：B8.答案：C9.答案：A10.答案：B11.答案：D12.答案：C13.答案：D14.答案：B15.答案：A16.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第四段可知，农作物保险带来了一个预料之外的后果：因为有了保险覆盖他们的损失，所以农民不愿意额外花钱采取气候变化缓解措施以应对极端天气。17.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据后面的money可知，此处应该是指政府在经济方面的补助。18.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，道德危机的概念可能会解释这个问题的出现。如果保险将涵盖由于干旱或恶劣天气等各种影响造成的作物损失，农民可能会不想支付额外的费用，例如使用覆盖作物改善土壤健康状况。19.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者列出数据来说明农作物保险对玉米产量变化的影响。20.答案：D21.答案：B22.答案：B23.答案：D24.答案：D25.答案：C26.答案：B27.答案：C28.答案：D29.答案：B30.答案：A