2023上海虹口区高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语含解析（含听力）

英语

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. In a school. B. In a gas station.  C. In a hospital. D. In a garage.

2. A. At 9:30.  B. At 9:40. C. At 10:09. D. At 10:39.

3. A. Planning a sports event.  B. Writing up local news.

C. Reading a newspaper.  D. Putting up advertisements.

4. A. It is luxurious.  B. It is satisfactory.  C. It is competitive.  D. It is disappointing.

5. A. He has had too many holidays this year. B. He isn’t in the mood to travel.

C. Phuket is too far for a family holiday.  D. Family holidays no longer interest him.

6. A. His grandma is quite fond of the dress.

B. The salad and dressing tastes very good.

C. The salad and dressing can’t match his grandma’s.

D. His grandma can’t make delicious salad with dressing.

7. A. She is the speakers’ boss. B. She is not at home this Saturday.

C. She is not easy-going.  D. She seldom invites people to her home.

8. A. The woman doesn’t like Serbia. B. The woman has been to Serbia.

C. The woman is planning a trip to Serbia.  D. The woman has no idea about Serbia.

9. A. Live with Jane and Sophie.

B. Ask Sophie about her accommodation.

C. Invite Vivian to be her roommate.

D. Share a room with Jane.

10. A. The plane will leave at 3:20. B. The plane’s departure time remains unknown.

C. The man has just missed his flight. D. The man is at a wrong check in counter.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11 A. 64 years. B. 59 years. C. 56 years. D. 46 years.

12. A. Developing better health care systems. B. Going through the Covid 19 crisis.

C. Easing the burden to the health services. D. Lowering the public health budgets.

13. A. WHO’s effective work in Africa.

B. Development of new health policies.

C. Measures to lift people from poverty.

D. Suggestions for public health efforts in Africa.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. Quitting to talk to someone.  B. Leaving the office without telling anyone.

C. Abandoning extra work duties.  D. Stopping worrying about work performance.

15. A. Firing the troubled employees quietly.  B. Forgetting about inactive workers.

C. Creating a better communication culture.  D. Building a direct system of pushing messages.

16. A. Reasons behind an office culture. B. Solutions to a workplace conflict.

C. Tips for a successful job interview. D. Steps of building a lively community.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. Working on his paper.  B. Thinking of a professor.

C. Taking a nap.   D. Looking for a reference book.

18. A. It is complicating.  B. It is boring.

C. It is inspiring.  D. It is challenging.

19. A. A student gave a lecture on American Revolution.

B. The professor failed to answer a student’s question.

C. The professor showed his mastery of American history.

D. A student was asked a tough question by the professor.

20. A. Professor Rivers thinks highly of Professor Anderson.

B. Professor Rivers is interested in women’s studies.

C. Professor Rivers knows little in this area.

D. Professor Rivers has a lot of spare time.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Runners and Cyclists Use GPS Mapping to Make Art

Fitness apps and the power of live satellite tracking have allowed runners, cyclists and others to draw hearts, animals, birthday wishes — and even homages to Vermeer — across their local landscapes.

In 1665, Johannes Vermeer dabbed (轻涂) the last drop of paint onto a canvas (帆布) in his Dutch studio, ___1___ (complete) his masterpiece “Girl with a Pearl Earring.” On an April day 357 years later, Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop, paused her fitness app, and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route ___2___ (draw) the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.

Ms. Strong creates ___3___ has come to be known as “GPS art” — a practice ___4___ uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps like Strava to create digital drawings using an athlete’s route across the landscape. ___5___ of biking on a straight path or in circles around a park, Ms. Strong plans her rides in the shapes of birthday cakes, stars, birds, lions — and the occasional Vermeer.

The hobby has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people, in fitness apps like Nike Run Club or MapMyRide. It is now a popularity on Strava often ___6___ (refer) to as “Strava art.”

Strava art has existed since that app’s release in 2009, but it experienced a sudden increase in use during the pandemic (疫情). According to Michael Joseph, a senior communications manager at the company, more than three billion activities ___7___ (upload) to Strava since the beginning of 2020.

To complete her digital vision of “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” Ms. Strong biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava ___8___ (make) sure that each turn, circle, and straightaway was achieving the iconic earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original. “I always have a big smile on my face ___9___ it works out and I upload it and it’s done,” she said. “It’s a far ___10___ (satisfying) feeling.”

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Outdoor Play Benefits Kids’ Mental Restoration

Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains ____11____ in natural landscapes, and our perceptual (感知的) systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.

This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of ____12____, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to ____13____ following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses (剂量) of nature” as a safe and ____14____ way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.

Besides these ____15____ effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, playing with mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement ____16____, which allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.

Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to cope with emotions that may be hard to ____17____ in other environments. So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of counselling for children who are struggling to ____18____ their emotional state.

When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. A child may find it easier to build up strength and endurance in a large open space resulting in a(n) ____19____ risk of overweight, according to one study led by Elizabeth Gershoff, professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, US.

The latest findings, however, suggest there could be a(n) ____20____ of other advantages to playing in natural environments — and the secret may be alive in the mud itself.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day? A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____21____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____22____ and more likely to follow their requests.

Instead of being ____23____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____24____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.

In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____25____ the back of the participant’s hand.

This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____26____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____27____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____28____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____29____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____30____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).

“A robot’s non-functional touch ____31____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”

“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____32____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”

As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____33____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____34____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____35____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.

21. A. curious B. crazy C. picky D. certain

22. A. happier B. freer C. more stressed D. more frightened

23. A. hard B. dependent C. impressed D. based

24. A. completion B. formation C. imagination D. starvation

25. A. watched B. patted C. cleaned D. blocked

26. A. human-initiated B. time-pressed C. technique-based D. goal-oriented

27. A. made out B. thought back C. pulled away D. set off

28. A. look over B. go along with C. take off D. stand up against

29. A. physical B. emotional C. financial D. social

30. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Still

31. A. matters B. sees C. relates D. gets

32. A. warmer B. longer C. more friendly D. more forceful

33. A. theory B. history C. trend D. potential

34. A. warn B. persuade C. force D. control

35. A. similarities B. conflicts C. constructions D. interactions

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right?

I’m going to Scotland this year, and three different people told me I must watch “Outlander” before I go, which is like “Game of Thrones” for fans of romance novels. I watched the first four hourlong episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch. Research for Scotland? Not exactly.

A few days later I had a library book due: The National Book Award winner The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez. I needed to finish it, so I read the last half straight through. I was absorbed in Nunez’s New York City, worrying about the heroin’s career and her future. I finished the book with tears in my eyes and stood up feeling, well, great.

I had wasted another four hours on my couch. I hadn’t eaten as much junk food because I needed my hands free—and not sticky—so I could turn pages and return the book to the library relatively clean, but I hadn’t moved and once again it was dark outside. Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free?

All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s. The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away.

But there’s a lot of good TV now. I’d like to say the answer to TV versus books must be, as Aristotle said, “Moderation in all things,” though he never had a television or a computer and had to read his scrolls (长卷纸) by candlelight. I agree that too much television is bad for you. I know I feel better if I read, but it won’t stop me from watching too: My second DVD of “Outlander” has just arrived, and as soon as I get this essay done, the rest of my day is free.

36. By “I always nod and agree” (paragraph 1), the author implies that _______.

A. she should be polite to get the conversation to go on

B. she is reluctant to admit that she watches television

C. she believes those who say they don’t watch TV

D. she doesn’t think highly of TV either

37. The phrase “back to back” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A. from morning till night B. one after another without a break

C. leaning against the back of the couch D. looking at the opposite direction

38. The author felt better after reading The Friend than watching “Outlander”, most probably because _______.

A. she didn’t feel hungry for any snacks

B. the TV series got her to cancel her trip to Scotland

C. the television series was no more attractive than the book

D. she regarded reading as more rewarding than watching TV

39. What can be concluded from all the research introduced in paragraph 5?

A. Reading is active while watching TV is passive.

B. Reading involves physical exercises while watching TV doesn’t.

C. Reading stimulates the brain to concentrate while watching TV doesn’t.

D. Reading is good for one’s mental health while watching TV is bad for it.

(B)

Guidelines for Poster Presentations

Date: Friday 28 October

Time: 1300-14.20 (Presenters are required to be by their posters by 12.55 sharp.)

Poster Session Format

-  The poster session is a self-explanatory exhibit where the presenter(s) is/are available for one-on-one discussion.

-  All the in-person poster presentations will take place simultaneously (同时进行的). See below for specific details of online poster presentations.

Poster design and Layout

-  Each poster should measure about 90×120cm (36×48 inches).

-  The texts and illustrations should be readable from 150cm (about 5 feet) away.

-  Posters can be hand-written or printed in colour/black and white.

Set-up and Removal

-  Posters will be displayed by fixing them on boards/walls provided. You will be given the necessary tools to carry out this task.

-  Presenters are required to hang their posters during the lunch break (12:00-13:00) on Friday 28 October and remove them after the session (14:20).

-  Presenters are responsible for the set-up and removal of their own posters. Staff will also be in the poster area to assist you.

-  Each poster presentation will be numbered in the programme schedule. Poster numbers will also be shown on the display boards. Make sure the poster is fixed under the correct number.

-  Playing of loud audio or video clips is not allowed, keeping in mind the noise level in the hall.

For online poster presentations:

-  Once your poster is ready, take a good picture of it and send it to us at least one week before the conference. We’ll take a print out of this and display it like the other posters. This will help the audience in the Hall in Chennai to look at them before they can log into your presentation at the assigned time.

-  During poster presentation whoever would like to interact with you will log into your session. This will be for the entire duration of the presentation with brief explanations and Q&A interspersed (穿插) with each other. Participants can move around to other poster presentations during this period, both online and in-person.

40. According to the guidelines, the posters have to be _______.

A. handwritten on paper in black and white

B. hung on the walls of a specific area in the hall

C. easily recognizable from five meters away

D. numbered by an on-site staff member

41. Which of the following is a specific requirement for online poster presenters?

A. They should remain online for the entire 100 minutes.

B. They should get ready for presentation at exactly12:55.

C. They need to send an e-version of their posters to the organizer.

D. They will be required to give explanations or answer questions.

42. The passage is meant for _______.

A. people who have unsolved questions to consult about

B. people who are interested in visiting an exhibition

C. people who are skilled at making good posters

D. people who want to exhibit their posters

(C)

Much like beauty, art is in the eye of the beholder. The artwork we are attracted to can give insight into our personality, such as whether we are too quick or too slow, calm or moody. Studies into art preferences date back to the 1930s — most of them examining the extent to which people like or dislike different paintings. Research shows that a person’s interest in art is more strongly related to certain personality traits than to social class, age, or gender.

In particular, a personality trait called “openness” is the best predictor of whether individuals are interested in art. On the other side, those who identify as “conscientious (一丝不苟的)”, are often less drawn to the arts. These traits are part of the Big Five, a widely accepted personality theory based on nearly a century of research.

The model claims that each personality is composed of a combination of five core traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion (enjoying being with other people), agreeableness (being pleasant) and neuroticism (feeling worried and nervous). Rather than stating a person as being either shy or outgoing, the Big Five Model believes that everyone lies somewhere between the two extremes.

Personality traits may also affect the way people visually scan art. A 2018 study tracked participants’ eye movements as they studied abstract artwork. The majority of participants concentrated on the upper-right part. This makes sense, as the right half of the brain is specialized for visual and spatial processing, and also plays a significant role in processing the emotions that art draws out. However, participants who tended toward neuroticism focused on the left side of the picture, and those with mental disease paid more attention to the bottom of the picture.

Even with the impressive amount of research into the relationship between people’s personality traits and their love for art, there are still holes in the theories. For instance, some scientists claim that the Big Five Model doesn’t translate across cultures and is mainly targeted toward those living in developed nations. Also, most studies have focused on two-dimensional art, like paintings, and haven’t yet captured differing preferences for the variety of media that exist around the world. Then there’s the fact that our art preferences change over time and are informed by our ages, relationships and life experiences.

People’s preferences for art are nearly as complicated as art itself. But if you’re looking for a quick test of someone’s general personality traits, it doesn’t hurt to glance at what’s hanging on their walls.

43. Which of the following is the best illustration of “art is in the eye of the beholder” in paragraph 1?

A. We judge a piece of art based on whether it is considered beautiful.

B. The beauty of a piece of artwork depends on its quality and price.

C. The owner of the artwork is the one who loves it the most.

D. Whether an artwork is appealing is a subjective matter.

44. The shadowed area in each of the following pictures is the part a person focuses on when enjoying an abstract painting. According to the 2018 study, which best illustrates the perception of a person who tends to be in anxiety?

A.  B.

C.  D.

45. What can be inferred from the passage about the Big Five Model?

A. It is a globally accepted measuring system.

B. Everyone can fit into one of the five categories.

C. There is much evidence of scientific studies to back it.

D. It can explain the change in our art preference over time.

46. What is the best title of this passage?

A. What does your taste in art say about you?

B. How to reveal one’s personality traits?

C Why do we like the artwork we like?

D. How to discover your art preference?

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Social Engineering

When using social media, many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information. However, what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person – which can then be misused by hackers.

“____47____ Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches (泄露),” said Roger Grimes, data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4. “Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,” Grimes warned, “Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering. No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware (恶意软件).”

“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan (e.g., policies, technical defenses, and education) to defeat social engineering. It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful. ____48____”

The security experts warn that even in the context of “social media,” users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____ “As individuals, we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,” suggested Erfan, cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG. “To avoid being victimized, it’s best to operate under the mindset that digital footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”

“As members of businesses and organizations, we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,” Erfan continued. “____50____ Preventing attacks and breaches is not 100 percent fool-proof, so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”

A. In fact, this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.

B. The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.

C. For developers, this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.

D. Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.

E. Organizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.

F. This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.

IV. Summary Writing

51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Are Oceans Silent?

Most sea creatures, from whales and dolphins to fish, sharks and shrimps, respond to sound, and many can produce it. They use it to hunt and to hide, find mates and food, send messages and give warnings, establish territories, warn off competitors, confuse their targets, deceive enemies, and sense changes in water and conditions. Marine animals click bones, grind teeth and belch gases (磨牙打嗝); use special organs to make various noises. Far from the ‘silent deep’, the oceans are so noisy.

Into this age-long confused noise in the blink of an evolutionary eye, has entered a new thunder: the trembling sound of mighty engines as 46,220 large ships passed the world’s shipping courses. Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by 15 decibels (分贝) in the past 50 years. It may not sound like much in overall terms, but it is enough, according to many marine biologists, to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business. At its most intense, some even say noise causes whales to become disoriented, dolphins to suffer from ‘the bends’, fish to go deaf, leave their breeding grounds or fail to form groups—enough to disorganize the basic biology of two thirds of the planet.

“Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts”, says Sylvia Earie, chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern, but taken all together, the noise from shipping, earthquake-related surveys, and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even 50 years ago. That high level of noise is bound to have a hard, sweeping impact on life in the sea.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

52. 如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？（bother）（汉译英）

53. 尤其令人担心的是现如今如何保护方言成了老大难问题。(too…to) (汉译英)

54. 这支五人登山队被困野外时间越久，生还希望就越是渺茫。(survival) (汉译英)

55. 漫步这古典园林中，四处可见各式木门，它们图纹各异，形式活泼，别具特色。(hang) (汉译英)

VI. Guided Writing

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

明启中学拟举办一次摄影展。现就布展方式（校图书馆或校园网站）征集学生意见。假设你是王磊，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求：

1. 简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择；

2. 说明你的理由（从体验感、互动性或影响力等方面对这两种布展方式进行对比）。

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