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2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共17页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高二（上）期末英语试卷
A few days ago，my family and I were at a restaurant.We had just finished our lunch when I (1)myself to go to the toilet.
I heard a lady (2)saying something in the stall（隔间）next to me.At first，I didn't realize what she was saying，but eventually，I heard her say "No tissue!No tissue!" with an accent.She seemed so nervous，so I asked her if she ran out of toilet paper.Thankfully，she (3) me and said， "Yes!Yes!"
I passed her some paper.When we got out of the stall，she kept thanking me over and over.I said， "You're welcome，Ma'am，" and tried to (4).The lady stopped me and said something I couldn't understand at all.I simply smiled at her and nodded.She then insisted on (5)my lunch.I tried to politely refuse，but the lady seemed so (6)to treat me to lunch that I finally accepted.
Some people were staring at me and the lady as I walked back to my family and our table.The lady was (7) like I had just saved her life，and I was feeling like a (8) .My parents were looking at me， (9) .When they asked me to explain everything，I kept laughing for a while before I could get out a single word.
The best thing that happened to me that day was not a free meal，but a new understanding of what it means to be truly (10) .
1. A. followed B. guided C. introduced D. excused
2. A. eagerly B. anxiously C. calmly D. hurriedly
3. A. understood B. convinced C. accepted D. discovered
4. A. agree B. complain C. explain D. leave
5. A. buying B. having C. taking D. cooking
6. A. embarrassed B. determined C. encouraged D. ashamed
7. A. trying B. laughing C. growing D. acting
8. A. lady B. child C. hero D. parent
9. A. inspired B. confused C. worried D. delighted
10. A. powerful B. successful C. helpful D. wonderful
11. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Last year，I studied at a British secondary school as an exchange student.There，I made friends with a boy (1) （ name） Paul，a huge fan of the NBA.Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues， (2) played for the Charlotte Hornets.Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall， (3) made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.Paul used Bogues as his inspiration.Paul once said，"Bogues could make it，why not me？"
B
Your friends influence the way you view your physical appearance.If you have friends who (1) （ be） good- looking or have a great fashion sense，it can feel like you are living (2) their shadow.For children of the digital age，social media makes this problem even worse.Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off，and it becomes easier for you (3) （ compare） yourself with them.
C
As of June，China had about 285 million Internet users in rural areas， (1) （ account）for over 30 percent of the country's total.The number of rural Internet users (2) （ grow） by over 30 million by the end of last year.Nowadays，the Internet is playing a (3) （ great） role than ever in the country's poverty（贫困） reduction efforts.China saw over 10 million livestreaming marketing (10) （ activity） in the first half of this year，attracting over 50 billion views.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Day University was founded by Steven Schragis in 2006.He came up with the idea after he dropped his daughter off at college in New York.The school had about a dozen professors giving short talks about a variety of subjects.All the parents had the same reaction："I wish I were the one going to college!"
One Day University creates fascinating days of learning designed to inspire your mind.We work with over two hundred professors from the country's top colleges.No matter what you love，you'll find that every One Day U event is filled with exploratory talks that will challenge you as if you were a student in college once again!And just like your college days，you're sure to meet new friends with a shared belief of learning.At One Day U，there's no homework and no grades.Just learning for the sake of learning!
SATURDAY，JULY 21；9：30 am—4：00 pm
Lisner Auditorium at George Washington University；Washington.DC
LITERATURE
9：30 am—10：35am
The Lost Indian Culture
Jeremi Suri/University of Texas Distinguished Teaching Award
SCIENCE
10：50 am-11：55 am
How the Brain Works
John Hall/University of Wisconsin-Madison
William H.Kiekhofer Distinguished Teaching Award
MUSIC
12：10 pm--1：15 pm
The History of Jazz
Anna Celenza/Georgetown University Teacher-Scholar Award
Lunch break 1：15 pm-—2：30 pm
PSYCHOLOGY
2：30 pm-—4：00 pm
Genius，Creativity and Depression
Jessica Payne/University of Notre Dame Bok Center Award for Teaching Excellence
12. What do we know about One Day U？ ______
A. It aims to reward college students.
B. It was founded by Steven Schragis and his daughter.
C. It is in cooperation with hundreds of top universities' professors.
D. It is intended to help its participants get excellent grades at college.
13. Who will give talks about The History of Jazz？ ______
A. John Hall. B. Jeremi Suri. C. Anna Celenza. D. Jessica Payne.
14. What's the main purpose of the text？ ______
A. To show the history of One Day.
B. To advertise the events of One Day .
C. To explain how to learn at One Day .
D. To stress the great influence of One Day.
D
One day，Lisa Holman told her family she would be out that night visiting her friend，only about half an hour's drive from her house.So it was not alarming as the night grew on and she did not arrive home.As 11 pm passed，her family began to worry.They called her but did not get any answer.They then reached out to Lisa's best friend，who said Lisa had left to drive home at 9 that night.
The family thought about calling the police that evening but the police typically don't define a person missing unless there is no contact for 24 hours.The next morning there was still no sign of Lisa.All the family could do was sit home and wait.Lisa's son decided to drive along Lisa's route and carefully look for her.He found Lisa's car had crashed into a tree.What's worse，there was no sign of Lisa at all.
The family called the police.The police began their search.But due to the heavy rain，the search team was called back.The family was very disappointed but still hopeful and continued the search.700 feet from Lisa's car，they finally found Lisa under a rock.
After a few days in hospital，Lisa recovered.She explained that she passed out after her car slid off the road in the rain.After she came to herself，Lisa managed to climb out of the car.While walking to find help，Lisa was exhausted and unable to figure out the direction.So she couldn't walk on and climbed under a rock as it started raining again.Scared as she was，she turned to her faith in hopes of living to see her son again.
15. When should Lisa arrive home after visiting her friend？ ______
A. About 9 pm. B. About 9：30 pm.
C. About 11 pm. D. The next morning.
16. Why did the family give up calling the police that night？ ______
A. Lisa stayed with her best friend.
B. The rocks had blocked all the roads up.
C. The police usually refused to come at night.
D. They had been out of touch with Lisa for less than a day.
17. Why was Lisa unable to go home by herself？ ______
A. She was lost. B. She was injured.
C. She was locked in her car. D. She was caught by heavy rain.
E
No animals have experienced a greater appearance change in the past few decades than the nonavian非鸟类的） dinosaurs.We used to think they had nothing but boring gray and brown scales（鳞） but they are now believed to have had feathers（羽毛） in bright colors and patterns.So what colors were the dinosaurs？And how do we know？
One scientist we have to thank for the answers to both questions is Jakob Vinther.Ever since the first fossilized（成为化石的） dinosaur feathers were reported in 1996.scientists had noticed round tiny structures within them--structures that many had assumed were fossilized bacteria.
But as a doctoral student studying a completely different animal，Vinther realized that these structures might be something more."I was looking at fossilized ink（墨汁） in a squid-like（像枪乌贼的） animal.It was remarkably well preserved，"Vinther said."You can take ink from a squid you bought down at the fish market，put it under a microscope，and see perfect little round balls.And then when you take fossilized ink，it looks exactly the same."Those balls are melanosomes（黑素体） that color hair，skin，feathers and eyes of animals.These round structures turned out to be the same ones being mistaken for bacteria in dinosaur feathers.
Scientists had largely believed that melanomas couldn't survive the fossilization process，but discoveries have shown not only that they survive but that they can tell us the actual colors of extinct animals.That's because they come not only in"perfect little round balls"but also in many different shapes，each of which produces a different color.
"If you look at a person with black hair or a bird with black feathers，those melanosomes are sausage-shaped，"Vinther said"If you have orange-brown hair，they're shaped like little meatballs.So basically，you just look for sausages and meatballs，and then you can actually put colors on extinct animals."Once you know the shape of the melanosomes in a fossil，you can learn all sorts of things about the animal.
18. What is the new discovery about nonavian dinosaurs？ ______
A. They had gray and brown scales.
B. They had colorful patterned feathers
C. They had interesting behavior patterns.
D. They had various patterns on their scales
19. What were the round tiny structures within fossilized dinosaur feathers once mistaken for？ ______
A. Fossilized ink. B. Dinosaurs' scales.
C. Fossilized bacteria. D. Melanosomes.
20. How did Jakob Vinther make his discovery？ ______
A. By working with fishermen.
B. By studying previous research.
C. By coloring a squid-like animal.
D. By comparing a squid's ink and fossilized ink.
21. Why does the author mention sausages and meatballs in the last paragraph？ ______
A. To explain why you are what you eat.
B. To show how melanosomes form in animals.
C. To explain what decides the colors of animals.
D. To show how melanosomes survive the fossilization process.
F
Lately，I've been thinking about my school life in the 1990s，when in class we were encouraged to express ourselves through creative writing，public speaking or perhaps taking part in some form of drama.And as we shared our creativity we were improving our communication skills .The emphasis here was how best to convey our thoughts as clearly as possible.Yet it seemed that all spoken word exercises were being taught only from the speaker's point of view，with little or no time spent teaching the art of listening.
And that was a missed opportunity because young children are remarkable listeners.They take in words，ideas and speech patterns，quite often without our awareness.Yet somewhere along the way，we teach them to stop listening.Perhaps they would benefit from lessons in selective silence，concentration，while focusing on knowing how to process all incoming information.Sadly，to the best of my knowledge，no such programs are offered.
We seem to spend less time actually listening to one another.One reason might be the fact that we have become a much more visual society as a result of exposure to television，the Internet and all manner of hand-held wireless devices.We tend to be more self-absorbed and primarily focused on hearing ourselves talk rather than listening to others.
I attended a small family gathering a few years ago and almost everyone，except my 86-year-old aunt，was constantly texting or checking email on their iPhone.It made me wonder why we had bothered to get together in the first place as we were paying so little attention to one another.We could just as easily have had an online get-together.
Listening is indeed a rare and special talent，and one that takes a lot of practice.But once you have gotten comfortable with the technique，you might find your next face-to-face talk a whole lot more meaningful.Simply listening for nuances（细微差别） in conversation will provide so much more context and substance for the words you are hearing.Remember，in order to be interesting，you must first be interested.And in conversation，you are supposed to be listening，not waiting to talk.
22. What is the author's attitude toward the class in the 1990s？ ______
A. Objective. B. Tolerant. C. Favorable. D. Prejudiced.
23. What might be a reason that makes us bad listeners according to the author？ ______
A. We have less time to communicate.
B. We have a sense of self-importance.
C. The rapid development of technology.
D. The lack of care and understanding for others.
24. What can we learn about the author's family gathering a few years ago？ ______
A. His aunt wasn't good at listening.
B. His aunt didn't like attending family gatherings.
C. His family members were engaged in hot discussions.
D. His family members showed little interest in one another.
25. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？ ______
A. To lead a discussion. B. To give a suggestion.
C. To provide a warning. D. To make a comparison.
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you know what a resolution is？ (1) Most of the time，we make promises to other people——"Mom，I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school".
However，promises you make to yourself are resolutions，and the most common kind is New Year's resolutions.The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year，we hope that we are going to improve our lives. (2) This helps them to remember their resolutions.Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.
There are different kinds of resolutions.Some are about physical health.For example，some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. (3) These are about making yourself a better person.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos，or learn to play the guitar.Some resolutions have to do with better planning，like making a weekly plan for schoolwork. (4)
Although there are differences，most resolutions have one thing in common.People hardly ever keep them!There are good reasons for this.Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.Sometimes people just forget about them.For this reason，some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! (5)
A.It's a kind of promise.
B.How about you—will you make any next year？
C.Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
D.For example，a student may have to find more time to study.
E.Do you know how to stick to your resolution as long as possible？
F.A New Year's resolution is the goal that is set at the start of a new year.
G.Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. 第一节：阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was in Grade 4，I got my first diary as a present from my mother.It made me feel very important because it was a precious gift to me in the year when a printed diary was rare.During the first week of my life as a diary owner，I kept looking at it.My heart filling with pride.In the second week，I suddenly felt nervous.I had not written a single word in the diary.And now each page seemed to be looking at me in sorrow for the way it was being gored（弄褶皱），so I decided to keep an account of how I spent the day at school.
I kept my promise to the diary that every day after coming back from school，I would take out the diary，open the page dated for that day and write about what happened.But a strange thing happened-each page looked dull，instead of looking as if it came straight out of a famous writer's book.
I recently read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy's day in school.It surrounded almost the same thing as mine!I was shocked.This boy was from Summer（苏美尔）.The Sumerians，as they were called，invented a lot of things.They constructed the first cities.They stuck to an idea that children must go to a place like school for education.
What was the account of the boy's day in school like？Well almost like mine but 4，000 years ago!I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened，by Jon E.Lewis.In a fascinating manner，he has put the important and usual things together into one collection.eye-witness accounts of moments in history，also eventful and ordinary.
The book told me that for schoolchildren anywhere in the world and probably at any time.in history，school has always meant the same.Perhaps writing diaries too.
(1) What did the author do with his first diary during the first week？ ______
(2) Who is Jon E.Lewis？ ______
(3) （3）What do you think about writing dairies？（In about 40 words） ______
32. 假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，告知他最近顺利通过了汉语水平考试（HSK）四级。请回信，内容包括：
（1）表示祝贺；
（2）赞赏其付出。
注意：（1）词数100字左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】D、B、A、D、A、B、D、C、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.followed跟随；B.guided指导；C.introduced介绍；D.excused原谅，宽恕。句意：我们刚吃完午饭，我就请假去上厕所。根据后文"to go to the toilet"可知，作者请求上厕所。故选D。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.eagerly渴望地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.calmly冷静地；D.hurriedly急忙地。句意：我听到一位女士在我旁边的隔间里焦急地说着什么。根据后文"She seemed so nervous"可知，该女士很着急。故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.understood明白；B.convinced说服；C.accepted接受；D.discovered发现。句意：谢天谢地，她听懂了我的话，说："是的！是的！"根据后文的"Yes!Yes!"可知，该女士听懂了作者的话。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.agree同意；B.complain抱怨；C.explain解释；D.leave离开。句意：我说："不客气，夫人。"然后想离开。根据后文"The lady stopped me"可知，作者要离开，但是该女士拦下了作者。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.buying买；B.having有；C.taking拿走；D.cooking烹饪。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。此处表示该女士要坚持为作者的午饭买单。故选A。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.determined坚定的；C.encouraged被鼓励的；D.ashamed羞愧的。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。根据后文"I finally accepted"可知，该女士非常的坚决要为作者的午餐买单，所以作者最终接受了该女士的提议。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.trying尝试；B.laughing笑；C.growing成长；D.acting表现，行动。句意：那位女士表现得好像我刚救了她的命，而我觉得自己像个英雄。根据前文"She then insisted on 5）____ my lunch.I tried to politely refuse，but the lady seemed so （6）____ to treat me to lunch that I finally accepted."可知，该女士非常坚定地要为作者的午餐付钱，表现处积极的态度，即表现得好像作者救了她的命似的。故选D。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.lady女士；B.child孩子；C.hero英雄；D.parent父亲（或母亲）。句意：那位女士表现得好像我刚救了她的命，而我觉得自己像个英雄。根据前文"该女士表现得好像作者救了她的命似的，"可知，作者感觉自己好像一名英雄。故选C。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.inspired受鼓舞的；B.confused困惑的；C.worried担心的；D.delighted愉快的。句意：我的父母困惑地看着我。根据后文"When they asked me to explain everything."可知，作者的父母看起来很困惑，要求作者来解释这个事情。故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.powerful强大的；B.successful成功的；C.helpful有帮助的，有益的；D.wonderful美好的。句意：那天对我来说最好的事情不是一顿免费的饭，而是让我重新理解了什么才是真正乐于助人。此处强调，作者帮助一名陌生女士，最后受到了热情的款待，这让作者明白了什么是真正的助人为乐。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过帮助一名陌生女人后，该女人热情地请作者吃饭。让作者明白的是什么才是真正的乐于助人。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
11.【答案】【小题1】named
【小题2】who
【小题3】which
【小题4】are
【解析】A
（1）考查过去分词。句意：在那里，我和一个叫保罗的男孩成为了朋友，他是NBA的超级球迷。name和with的宾语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故填named。
（2）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：保罗最喜欢的球员是夏洛特黄蜂队的泰龙•博格斯。先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
（3）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：博格斯只有1.6米高，这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。指代前面句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
B
（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你的朋友长得漂亮或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得你活在他们的阴影里。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语who指代的先行词为名词复数friends，故填are。
（2）考查介词。句意：如果你的朋友长得漂亮或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得你活在他们的阴影里。in one's shadow"在某人的阴影里"，为固定搭配，故填in。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：你的朋友们可能会无休止地在网上晒照片来炫耀，这样你就更容易把自己和他们进行比较。it作形式主语，所以用动词不定式作真正主语，故填to compare。
C
（1）考查现在分词。句意：截至6月，中国农村地区约有2.85亿网民，占全国网民总数的30%以上。谓语动词是had，故空处需要填非谓语的形式，逻辑主语285 million Internet users living in rural areas和account是主谓关系，故需要用现在分词作状语，故填accounting。
（2）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，农村互联网用户的数量增长了3000多万。时间状语in the last few months是现在完成时的标志词，由此可知，空处需要用现在完成时have/has done；The number of表示"……的数量"作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has grown。
（3）考查形容词的比较级。句意：如今，互联网在国家扶贫工作中扮演着比以往更重要的角色。空后有比较级标志词than，故空处需要填提示词great的比较级形式greater形容role，故填greater。
（4）考查可数名词的复数。句意：今年上半年，中国有超过1000万场直播营销活动，吸引了超过500亿次观看。提示词activity为可数名词，因前有10 million"一千万"修饰，故需要用复数形式，故填activities。
这是三个片段：A 这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者的朋友以及他最喜欢的球员。B 这是一篇说明文。文章指出青少年很容易受到媒体和周围朋友的影响，对自己的外貌做出消极评价，进而产生消极情绪。C 这是一篇说明文。中国农村网民站全部网民数量的百分之三十，互联网对于脱贫起了非常大的作用。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12~14.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的We work with over two hundred professors from the country's top colleges to create events.（我们与来自全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作举办活动。）可知，One Day U与全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据表格中倒数第三栏"MUSIC"部分的The History of Jazz Anna Celenza/George-town University（爵士乐的历史：安娜•切伦扎/乔治城大学）可知，Anna Celenza做关于爵士乐历史的演讲。故选C。
（3）目的意图题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的At One Day U，there's no homework and no grades.Just learning for the sake of learning!（在One Day U，没有作业，也没有分数。为学习而学习！）可知，本文介绍的是One Day University这个活动，目的是为这个活动打广告。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是One Day University这个活动。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~17.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的"One day，Lisa Holman told her family she would be out that night visiting her friend，only about half an hour drive from her house. "（一天，丽莎•霍尔曼告诉家人，她那天晚上要出去看望她的朋友，离她家只有半小时的车程。）和"They then reached out to Lisa's friend，who said Lisa had left to drive home at 9 that night."（然后他们联系了丽莎的朋友，朋友说丽莎那天晚上9点开车回家。）可知，她家距离朋友家有半个小时的车程，晚上9点离开，应该9：30到家。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The family thought about calling the police that evening but the police typically don't define a person missing unless there is no contact for 24 hours."（这家人考虑当晚报警，但警方通常不会确定失踪人员，除非24小时内没有联系。）可知，24小时后才能报警，下午9点失踪，晚上还不到24小时，所以他们与丽莎失去联系不到一天。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的" While walking to find help，Lisa was exhausted and unable to figure out the direction.So she couldn't walk on and climbed under a rock as it started raining again. "（走着去寻求帮助时，丽莎筋疲力尽，无法找到方向。所以她不能再往前走了，天又开始下雨了，她爬到了岩石下面。）可知，她迷路了。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了 Lisa Holman因车撞到了一棵树上，靠着能见到儿子的坚定信念而坚持下来，最后获救的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
18~21.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一自然段We used to think they had nothing but boring gray and brown scales （鳞） but they are now believed to have had feathers （羽毛） in bright colors and patterns.（我们过去认为它们只有单调的灰色和棕色鳞片，但现在人们认为它们的羽毛有明亮的颜色和图案。）可知关于非恐龙的新发现是它们有五颜六色的图案羽毛。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句scientists had noticed round tiny structures within them—structures that many had assumed were fossilized bacteria.（科学家们已经注意到它们内部的微小结构--许多人认为这些结构是细菌化石。）可知恐龙羽毛化石中的圆形微小结构曾经被误认为是化石细菌。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三自然段You can take ink from a squid you bought down at the fish market，put it under a microscope，and see perfect little round balls.And then when you take fossilized ink，it looks exactly the same.（你可以从你在鱼市买的乌贼上取墨水，放在显微镜下，看到完美的小圆球。当你用化石墨水时，它看起来完全一样。）可知Jakob Vinther的发现是通过对比乌贼的墨水和化石墨水完成的。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一自然段So basically，you just look for sausages and meatballs，and then you can actually put colors on extinct animals.（所以基本上，你只需要找到香肠和肉丸，然后你就可以给灭绝的动物涂上颜色。）可知作者在最后一段提到香肠和肉丸是为了解释什么决定了动物的颜色。故选C。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了黑素体的相关内容。科学家们基本认为黑素体没办法在石化过程中存活下来，但是进一步研究表明，它不仅可以存活，而且能告诉我们灭绝物种的真实颜色。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
22~25.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Lately，I've been thinking about my school life in the 1990s，when in class we were encouraged to express ourselves through creative writing，public speaking or perhaps taking part in some form of drama.And as we shared our creativity we were improving our communication skills.The emphasis here was how best to convey our thoughts as clearly as possible.Yet it seemed that all spoken word exercises were being taught only from the speaker's point of view，with little or no time spent teaching the art of listening.（最近，我一直在回想我在20世纪90年代的学校生活，当时我们在课堂上被鼓励通过创造性写作、公开演讲或参加某种形式的戏剧来表达自己。当我们分享我们的创造力时，我们提高了我们的沟通技巧。这里的重点是如何尽可能清楚地表达我们的想法。然而，似乎所有的口语练习都只是从说话者的角度进行教学，很少或根本没有花时间教授倾听的艺术。）可推知，第一段提到了英语课的好处以及缺点，即作者对20世纪90年代英语课的态度是客观的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段There is no question that we are a nation of bad listeners.One reason might be the fact that we have become a much more visual society as result of exposure to television，the Internet and all manner of hand-held wireless devices（毫无疑问，我们的国家都是糟糕的听众。其中一个原因可能是，由于电视、互联网和各种手持无线设备的使用，我们的社会变得更加视觉化）可知，作者认为，是技术的快速发展让我们成为糟糕的倾听者。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中I attended a small family gathering a few years ago and almost everyone except my 86-year-old aunt was constantly texting or checking email on their iPhone.It made me wonder why we had bothered get together in the first place as we were paying so little attention to one another（几年前，我参加了一个小型家庭聚会，除了我86岁的姑姑，几乎所有人都在不停地用iPhone发短信或查看电子邮件。这让我很好奇，我们当初为什么要在一起，因为我们对彼此的关注如此之少）可知，在几年前的家庭聚会中，作者的家人对彼此都不感兴趣。故选D。
（4）目的意图题。根据最后一段Remember，in order to be interesting，you must first be interested.And in conversation，you are supposed to be listening，not waiting to talk（记住，要想做个有趣的人，你首先得有兴趣。在谈话中，你应该倾听，而不是等着说话。）可推知，最后一段的目的针对于如何做一个有趣的人最后一段给出了建议。故最后一段的目的是给建议。A.To lead a discussion.引出讨论；B.To give a suggestion.提出建议；C.To provide a warning.提供警告；D.To make a comparison.进行比较。故选B。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了技术的发展导致我们花在真正倾听对方的时间似乎变少了这一问题，解释了其后背的原因以及倾听他人的建议。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
26~30.【答案】A、G、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Most of the time，we make promises to other people——"Mom，I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school".（大多数时候，我们都会对别人许下承诺ーー"妈妈，我保证放学后会整理我的房间"。）可知此处说的是大多数时候，我们会对别人做出承诺。A选项"It's a kind of promise.这是一种承诺。"符合语境。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year，we hope that we are going to improve our lives.（新年开始往往是制定决心的时候。当我们在年初下决心的时候，我们希望我们能够改善我们的生活。）和下文This helps them to remember their resolutions.Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.（这有助于他们记住他们的决心。另一些人告诉他们的家人和朋友他们的愿望和计划。）可知此处说的是新年开始往往是下决心的时候，这些决心制定他们的愿望和计划。G选项"Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.有些人写下他们来年的决心和计划。"符合语境。故选G。
（3）细节理解题。根据下文These are about making yourself a better person.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos，or learn to play the guitar.（这些是为了让你成为一个更好的人。有些人可能会说，他们将采取一个爱好，如绘画或拍照，或学习弹吉他。）可知此处说的是制定一个计划会自我提高很大。C选项"Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.许多决心都与自我提高有关。"符合语境。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文Some resolutions have to do with better planning，like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.（有些决心与更好的计划有关，比如制定每周作业计划。）可知此处说的是有了决心制定一个好的计划，这关系密不可分。D选项"For example，a student may have to find more time to study.例如，一个学生可能不得不找到更多的时间来学习。"符合语境。故选D。
（5）细节理解题。根据上文Sometimes people just forget about them.For this reason，some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions（有时候人们就是会忘记他们。因为这个原因，有些人说最好的解决方案就是不要有任何解决方案！）可知此处说的是最好的解决方案。B选项"How about you—will you make any next year？你呢？你明年会赚钱吗？"符合语境。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是决心，以及人们作决定的时间，种类。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。
31.【答案】【小题1】
The author looked at the diary proudly，but did not write anything.
【小题2】
He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened.
【小题3】
I think that writing dairies is a good habit.Because it can remind me of those old memories
【解析】1. （1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的During the first week of my life as a diary owner，I kept looking at it.My heart filling with pride.In the second week，I suddenly felt nervous.I had not written a single word in the diary.（在我作为日记本主人的第一个星期里，我一直看着它。我的内心充满了自豪。第二周，我突然感到紧张。我在日记里一个字也没写。）可知在第一个星期里，作者一直自豪地看着日记本，但是没有写任何东西。故答案为：The author looked at the diary proudly，but did not write anything。
2.
（2）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened，by Jon E.Lewis.（我在一本叫The Mammoth Book of How it Happened的书中读到这个故事，作者是Jon E.Lewis。）可知Jon E.Lewis是The Mammoth Book of How it Happened一书的作者。故答案为：He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened。
3.
（3）开放问答题。言之有理，积极向上，注意词数限制。题干：你觉得写日记怎么样？可回答：我认为写日记是一个好习惯。它能让我想起那些过去的记忆。故答案为：I think that writing dairies is a good habit.Because it can remind me of those old memories。
32.【答案】Dear Jim，
I am writing to express my congratulations to you on your passing the HSK-4.（表示祝贺）
I know that you were not good at Chinese at first.【高分句型一】However，you practiced speaking Chinese every day.As the saying goes，"Everything comes to him who waits".【高分句型二】Finally，you succeeded after you have been studying Chinese for 10 years!In my mind，this test is very difficult for a foreign student.So I'm more than glad that you passed the HSK-4.（赞赏其付出）
I think if you go on studying Chinese harder，you will have the opportunity to study in China.Then we can communicate with each other face to face.（鼓励和期望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I know that you were not good at Chinese at first.
翻译：我知道你一开始中文不好。
分析：句子里，that引导宾语从句you were not good at Chinese at first。
高分句型二：As the saying goes，"Everything comes to him who waits".
翻译：俗话说："等待的人会得到一切"。
分析：句子里，As引导非限制性定语从句the saying goes。
此类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高二（上）期末英语试卷
A few days ago，my family and I were at a restaurant.We had just finished our lunch when I (1)myself to go to the toilet.
I heard a lady (2)saying something in the stall（隔间）next to me.At first，I didn't realize what she was saying，but eventually，I heard her say "No tissue!No tissue!" with an accent.She seemed so nervous，so I asked her if she ran out of toilet paper.Thankfully，she (3) me and said， "Yes!Yes!"
I passed her some paper.When we got out of the stall，she kept thanking me over and over.I said， "You're welcome，Ma'am，" and tried to (4).The lady stopped me and said something I couldn't understand at all.I simply smiled at her and nodded.She then insisted on (5)my lunch.I tried to politely refuse，but the lady seemed so (6)to treat me to lunch that I finally accepted.
Some people were staring at me and the lady as I walked back to my family and our table.The lady was (7) like I had just saved her life，and I was feeling like a (8) .My parents were looking at me， (9) .When they asked me to explain everything，I kept laughing for a while before I could get out a single word.
The best thing that happened to me that day was not a free meal，but a new understanding of what it means to be truly (10) .
1. A. followed B. guided C. introduced D. excused
2. A. eagerly B. anxiously C. calmly D. hurriedly
3. A. understood B. convinced C. accepted D. discovered
4. A. agree B. complain C. explain D. leave
5. A. buying B. having C. taking D. cooking
6. A. embarrassed B. determined C. encouraged D. ashamed
7. A. trying B. laughing C. growing D. acting
8. A. lady B. child C. hero D. parent
9. A. inspired B. confused C. worried D. delighted
10. A. powerful B. successful C. helpful D. wonderful
11. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Last year，I studied at a British secondary school as an exchange student.There，I made friends with a boy (1) （ name） Paul，a huge fan of the NBA.Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues， (2) played for the Charlotte Hornets.Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall， (3) made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.Paul used Bogues as his inspiration.Paul once said，"Bogues could make it，why not me？"
B
Your friends influence the way you view your physical appearance.If you have friends who (1) （ be） good- looking or have a great fashion sense，it can feel like you are living (2) their shadow.For children of the digital age，social media makes this problem even worse.Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off，and it becomes easier for you (3) （ compare） yourself with them.
C
As of June，China had about 285 million Internet users in rural areas， (1) （ account）for over 30 percent of the country's total.The number of rural Internet users (2) （ grow） by over 30 million by the end of last year.Nowadays，the Internet is playing a (3) （ great） role than ever in the country's poverty（贫困） reduction efforts.China saw over 10 million livestreaming marketing (10) （ activity） in the first half of this year，attracting over 50 billion views.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Day University was founded by Steven Schragis in 2006.He came up with the idea after he dropped his daughter off at college in New York.The school had about a dozen professors giving short talks about a variety of subjects.All the parents had the same reaction："I wish I were the one going to college!"
One Day University creates fascinating days of learning designed to inspire your mind.We work with over two hundred professors from the country's top colleges.No matter what you love，you'll find that every One Day U event is filled with exploratory talks that will challenge you as if you were a student in college once again!And just like your college days，you're sure to meet new friends with a shared belief of learning.At One Day U，there's no homework and no grades.Just learning for the sake of learning!
SATURDAY，JULY 21；9：30 am—4：00 pm
Lisner Auditorium at George Washington University；Washington.DC
LITERATURE
9：30 am—10：35am
The Lost Indian Culture
Jeremi Suri/University of Texas Distinguished Teaching Award
SCIENCE
10：50 am-11：55 am
How the Brain Works
John Hall/University of Wisconsin-Madison
William H.Kiekhofer Distinguished Teaching Award
MUSIC
12：10 pm--1：15 pm
The History of Jazz
Anna Celenza/Georgetown University Teacher-Scholar Award
Lunch break 1：15 pm-—2：30 pm
PSYCHOLOGY
2：30 pm-—4：00 pm
Genius，Creativity and Depression
Jessica Payne/University of Notre Dame Bok Center Award for Teaching Excellence
12. What do we know about One Day U？ ______
A. It aims to reward college students.
B. It was founded by Steven Schragis and his daughter.
C. It is in cooperation with hundreds of top universities' professors.
D. It is intended to help its participants get excellent grades at college.
13. Who will give talks about The History of Jazz？ ______
A. John Hall. B. Jeremi Suri. C. Anna Celenza. D. Jessica Payne.
14. What's the main purpose of the text？ ______
A. To show the history of One Day.
B. To advertise the events of One Day .
C. To explain how to learn at One Day .
D. To stress the great influence of One Day.
D
One day，Lisa Holman told her family she would be out that night visiting her friend，only about half an hour's drive from her house.So it was not alarming as the night grew on and she did not arrive home.As 11 pm passed，her family began to worry.They called her but did not get any answer.They then reached out to Lisa's best friend，who said Lisa had left to drive home at 9 that night.
The family thought about calling the police that evening but the police typically don't define a person missing unless there is no contact for 24 hours.The next morning there was still no sign of Lisa.All the family could do was sit home and wait.Lisa's son decided to drive along Lisa's route and carefully look for her.He found Lisa's car had crashed into a tree.What's worse，there was no sign of Lisa at all.
The family called the police.The police began their search.But due to the heavy rain，the search team was called back.The family was very disappointed but still hopeful and continued the search.700 feet from Lisa's car，they finally found Lisa under a rock.
After a few days in hospital，Lisa recovered.She explained that she passed out after her car slid off the road in the rain.After she came to herself，Lisa managed to climb out of the car.While walking to find help，Lisa was exhausted and unable to figure out the direction.So she couldn't walk on and climbed under a rock as it started raining again.Scared as she was，she turned to her faith in hopes of living to see her son again.
15. When should Lisa arrive home after visiting her friend？ ______
A. About 9 pm. B. About 9：30 pm.
C. About 11 pm. D. The next morning.
16. Why did the family give up calling the police that night？ ______
A. Lisa stayed with her best friend.
B. The rocks had blocked all the roads up.
C. The police usually refused to come at night.
D. They had been out of touch with Lisa for less than a day.
17. Why was Lisa unable to go home by herself？ ______
A. She was lost. B. She was injured.
C. She was locked in her car. D. She was caught by heavy rain.
E
No animals have experienced a greater appearance change in the past few decades than the nonavian非鸟类的） dinosaurs.We used to think they had nothing but boring gray and brown scales（鳞） but they are now believed to have had feathers（羽毛） in bright colors and patterns.So what colors were the dinosaurs？And how do we know？
One scientist we have to thank for the answers to both questions is Jakob Vinther.Ever since the first fossilized（成为化石的） dinosaur feathers were reported in 1996.scientists had noticed round tiny structures within them--structures that many had assumed were fossilized bacteria.
But as a doctoral student studying a completely different animal，Vinther realized that these structures might be something more."I was looking at fossilized ink（墨汁） in a squid-like（像枪乌贼的） animal.It was remarkably well preserved，"Vinther said."You can take ink from a squid you bought down at the fish market，put it under a microscope，and see perfect little round balls.And then when you take fossilized ink，it looks exactly the same."Those balls are melanosomes（黑素体） that color hair，skin，feathers and eyes of animals.These round structures turned out to be the same ones being mistaken for bacteria in dinosaur feathers.
Scientists had largely believed that melanomas couldn't survive the fossilization process，but discoveries have shown not only that they survive but that they can tell us the actual colors of extinct animals.That's because they come not only in"perfect little round balls"but also in many different shapes，each of which produces a different color.
"If you look at a person with black hair or a bird with black feathers，those melanosomes are sausage-shaped，"Vinther said"If you have orange-brown hair，they're shaped like little meatballs.So basically，you just look for sausages and meatballs，and then you can actually put colors on extinct animals."Once you know the shape of the melanosomes in a fossil，you can learn all sorts of things about the animal.
18. What is the new discovery about nonavian dinosaurs？ ______
A. They had gray and brown scales.
B. They had colorful patterned feathers
C. They had interesting behavior patterns.
D. They had various patterns on their scales
19. What were the round tiny structures within fossilized dinosaur feathers once mistaken for？ ______
A. Fossilized ink. B. Dinosaurs' scales.
C. Fossilized bacteria. D. Melanosomes.
20. How did Jakob Vinther make his discovery？ ______
A. By working with fishermen.
B. By studying previous research.
C. By coloring a squid-like animal.
D. By comparing a squid's ink and fossilized ink.
21. Why does the author mention sausages and meatballs in the last paragraph？ ______
A. To explain why you are what you eat.
B. To show how melanosomes form in animals.
C. To explain what decides the colors of animals.
D. To show how melanosomes survive the fossilization process.
F
Lately，I've been thinking about my school life in the 1990s，when in class we were encouraged to express ourselves through creative writing，public speaking or perhaps taking part in some form of drama.And as we shared our creativity we were improving our communication skills .The emphasis here was how best to convey our thoughts as clearly as possible.Yet it seemed that all spoken word exercises were being taught only from the speaker's point of view，with little or no time spent teaching the art of listening.
And that was a missed opportunity because young children are remarkable listeners.They take in words，ideas and speech patterns，quite often without our awareness.Yet somewhere along the way，we teach them to stop listening.Perhaps they would benefit from lessons in selective silence，concentration，while focusing on knowing how to process all incoming information.Sadly，to the best of my knowledge，no such programs are offered.
We seem to spend less time actually listening to one another.One reason might be the fact that we have become a much more visual society as a result of exposure to television，the Internet and all manner of hand-held wireless devices.We tend to be more self-absorbed and primarily focused on hearing ourselves talk rather than listening to others.
I attended a small family gathering a few years ago and almost everyone，except my 86-year-old aunt，was constantly texting or checking email on their iPhone.It made me wonder why we had bothered to get together in the first place as we were paying so little attention to one another.We could just as easily have had an online get-together.
Listening is indeed a rare and special talent，and one that takes a lot of practice.But once you have gotten comfortable with the technique，you might find your next face-to-face talk a whole lot more meaningful.Simply listening for nuances（细微差别） in conversation will provide so much more context and substance for the words you are hearing.Remember，in order to be interesting，you must first be interested.And in conversation，you are supposed to be listening，not waiting to talk.
22. What is the author's attitude toward the class in the 1990s？ ______
A. Objective. B. Tolerant. C. Favorable. D. Prejudiced.
23. What might be a reason that makes us bad listeners according to the author？ ______
A. We have less time to communicate.
B. We have a sense of self-importance.
C. The rapid development of technology.
D. The lack of care and understanding for others.
24. What can we learn about the author's family gathering a few years ago？ ______
A. His aunt wasn't good at listening.
B. His aunt didn't like attending family gatherings.
C. His family members were engaged in hot discussions.
D. His family members showed little interest in one another.
25. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？ ______
A. To lead a discussion. B. To give a suggestion.
C. To provide a warning. D. To make a comparison.
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you know what a resolution is？ (1) Most of the time，we make promises to other people——"Mom，I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school".
However，promises you make to yourself are resolutions，and the most common kind is New Year's resolutions.The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year，we hope that we are going to improve our lives. (2) This helps them to remember their resolutions.Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.
There are different kinds of resolutions.Some are about physical health.For example，some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. (3) These are about making yourself a better person.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos，or learn to play the guitar.Some resolutions have to do with better planning，like making a weekly plan for schoolwork. (4)
Although there are differences，most resolutions have one thing in common.People hardly ever keep them!There are good reasons for this.Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.Sometimes people just forget about them.For this reason，some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! (5)
A.It's a kind of promise.
B.How about you—will you make any next year？
C.Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
D.For example，a student may have to find more time to study.
E.Do you know how to stick to your resolution as long as possible？
F.A New Year's resolution is the goal that is set at the start of a new year.
G.Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. 第一节：阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was in Grade 4，I got my first diary as a present from my mother.It made me feel very important because it was a precious gift to me in the year when a printed diary was rare.During the first week of my life as a diary owner，I kept looking at it.My heart filling with pride.In the second week，I suddenly felt nervous.I had not written a single word in the diary.And now each page seemed to be looking at me in sorrow for the way it was being gored（弄褶皱），so I decided to keep an account of how I spent the day at school.
I kept my promise to the diary that every day after coming back from school，I would take out the diary，open the page dated for that day and write about what happened.But a strange thing happened-each page looked dull，instead of looking as if it came straight out of a famous writer's book.
I recently read a 4000-year-old account of a young boy's day in school.It surrounded almost the same thing as mine!I was shocked.This boy was from Summer（苏美尔）.The Sumerians，as they were called，invented a lot of things.They constructed the first cities.They stuck to an idea that children must go to a place like school for education.
What was the account of the boy's day in school like？Well almost like mine but 4，000 years ago!I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened，by Jon E.Lewis.In a fascinating manner，he has put the important and usual things together into one collection.eye-witness accounts of moments in history，also eventful and ordinary.
The book told me that for schoolchildren anywhere in the world and probably at any time.in history，school has always meant the same.Perhaps writing diaries too.
(1) What did the author do with his first diary during the first week？ ______
(2) Who is Jon E.Lewis？ ______
(3) （3）What do you think about writing dairies？（In about 40 words） ______
32. 假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，告知他最近顺利通过了汉语水平考试（HSK）四级。请回信，内容包括：
（1）表示祝贺；
（2）赞赏其付出。
注意：（1）词数100字左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】D、B、A、D、A、B、D、C、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.followed跟随；B.guided指导；C.introduced介绍；D.excused原谅，宽恕。句意：我们刚吃完午饭，我就请假去上厕所。根据后文"to go to the toilet"可知，作者请求上厕所。故选D。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.eagerly渴望地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.calmly冷静地；D.hurriedly急忙地。句意：我听到一位女士在我旁边的隔间里焦急地说着什么。根据后文"She seemed so nervous"可知，该女士很着急。故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.understood明白；B.convinced说服；C.accepted接受；D.discovered发现。句意：谢天谢地，她听懂了我的话，说："是的！是的！"根据后文的"Yes!Yes!"可知，该女士听懂了作者的话。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.agree同意；B.complain抱怨；C.explain解释；D.leave离开。句意：我说："不客气，夫人。"然后想离开。根据后文"The lady stopped me"可知，作者要离开，但是该女士拦下了作者。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.buying买；B.having有；C.taking拿走；D.cooking烹饪。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。此处表示该女士要坚持为作者的午饭买单。故选A。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.determined坚定的；C.encouraged被鼓励的；D.ashamed羞愧的。句意：然后她坚持要请我吃午饭。我试图礼貌地拒绝，但那位女士似乎决心请我吃午饭，我最终接受了。根据后文"I finally accepted"可知，该女士非常的坚决要为作者的午餐买单，所以作者最终接受了该女士的提议。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.trying尝试；B.laughing笑；C.growing成长；D.acting表现，行动。句意：那位女士表现得好像我刚救了她的命，而我觉得自己像个英雄。根据前文"She then insisted on 5）____ my lunch.I tried to politely refuse，but the lady seemed so （6）____ to treat me to lunch that I finally accepted."可知，该女士非常坚定地要为作者的午餐付钱，表现处积极的态度，即表现得好像作者救了她的命似的。故选D。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.lady女士；B.child孩子；C.hero英雄；D.parent父亲（或母亲）。句意：那位女士表现得好像我刚救了她的命，而我觉得自己像个英雄。根据前文"该女士表现得好像作者救了她的命似的，"可知，作者感觉自己好像一名英雄。故选C。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.inspired受鼓舞的；B.confused困惑的；C.worried担心的；D.delighted愉快的。句意：我的父母困惑地看着我。根据后文"When they asked me to explain everything."可知，作者的父母看起来很困惑，要求作者来解释这个事情。故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.powerful强大的；B.successful成功的；C.helpful有帮助的，有益的；D.wonderful美好的。句意：那天对我来说最好的事情不是一顿免费的饭，而是让我重新理解了什么才是真正乐于助人。此处强调，作者帮助一名陌生女士，最后受到了热情的款待，这让作者明白了什么是真正的助人为乐。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过帮助一名陌生女人后，该女人热情地请作者吃饭。让作者明白的是什么才是真正的乐于助人。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
11.【答案】【小题1】named
【小题2】who
【小题3】which
【小题4】are
【解析】A
（1）考查过去分词。句意：在那里，我和一个叫保罗的男孩成为了朋友，他是NBA的超级球迷。name和with的宾语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故填named。
（2）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：保罗最喜欢的球员是夏洛特黄蜂队的泰龙•博格斯。先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
（3）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：博格斯只有1.6米高，这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。指代前面句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
B
（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你的朋友长得漂亮或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得你活在他们的阴影里。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语who指代的先行词为名词复数friends，故填are。
（2）考查介词。句意：如果你的朋友长得漂亮或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得你活在他们的阴影里。in one's shadow"在某人的阴影里"，为固定搭配，故填in。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：你的朋友们可能会无休止地在网上晒照片来炫耀，这样你就更容易把自己和他们进行比较。it作形式主语，所以用动词不定式作真正主语，故填to compare。
C
（1）考查现在分词。句意：截至6月，中国农村地区约有2.85亿网民，占全国网民总数的30%以上。谓语动词是had，故空处需要填非谓语的形式，逻辑主语285 million Internet users living in rural areas和account是主谓关系，故需要用现在分词作状语，故填accounting。
（2）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，农村互联网用户的数量增长了3000多万。时间状语in the last few months是现在完成时的标志词，由此可知，空处需要用现在完成时have/has done；The number of表示"……的数量"作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has grown。
（3）考查形容词的比较级。句意：如今，互联网在国家扶贫工作中扮演着比以往更重要的角色。空后有比较级标志词than，故空处需要填提示词great的比较级形式greater形容role，故填greater。
（4）考查可数名词的复数。句意：今年上半年，中国有超过1000万场直播营销活动，吸引了超过500亿次观看。提示词activity为可数名词，因前有10 million"一千万"修饰，故需要用复数形式，故填activities。
这是三个片段：A 这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者的朋友以及他最喜欢的球员。B 这是一篇说明文。文章指出青少年很容易受到媒体和周围朋友的影响，对自己的外貌做出消极评价，进而产生消极情绪。C 这是一篇说明文。中国农村网民站全部网民数量的百分之三十，互联网对于脱贫起了非常大的作用。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12~14.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的We work with over two hundred professors from the country's top colleges to create events.（我们与来自全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作举办活动。）可知，One Day U与全国顶尖大学的200多名教授合作。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据表格中倒数第三栏"MUSIC"部分的The History of Jazz Anna Celenza/George-town University（爵士乐的历史：安娜•切伦扎/乔治城大学）可知，Anna Celenza做关于爵士乐历史的演讲。故选C。
（3）目的意图题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的At One Day U，there's no homework and no grades.Just learning for the sake of learning!（在One Day U，没有作业，也没有分数。为学习而学习！）可知，本文介绍的是One Day University这个活动，目的是为这个活动打广告。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是One Day University这个活动。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~17.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的"One day，Lisa Holman told her family she would be out that night visiting her friend，only about half an hour drive from her house. "（一天，丽莎•霍尔曼告诉家人，她那天晚上要出去看望她的朋友，离她家只有半小时的车程。）和"They then reached out to Lisa's friend，who said Lisa had left to drive home at 9 that night."（然后他们联系了丽莎的朋友，朋友说丽莎那天晚上9点开车回家。）可知，她家距离朋友家有半个小时的车程，晚上9点离开，应该9：30到家。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The family thought about calling the police that evening but the police typically don't define a person missing unless there is no contact for 24 hours."（这家人考虑当晚报警，但警方通常不会确定失踪人员，除非24小时内没有联系。）可知，24小时后才能报警，下午9点失踪，晚上还不到24小时，所以他们与丽莎失去联系不到一天。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的" While walking to find help，Lisa was exhausted and unable to figure out the direction.So she couldn't walk on and climbed under a rock as it started raining again. "（走着去寻求帮助时，丽莎筋疲力尽，无法找到方向。所以她不能再往前走了，天又开始下雨了，她爬到了岩石下面。）可知，她迷路了。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了 Lisa Holman因车撞到了一棵树上，靠着能见到儿子的坚定信念而坚持下来，最后获救的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
18~21.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一自然段We used to think they had nothing but boring gray and brown scales （鳞） but they are now believed to have had feathers （羽毛） in bright colors and patterns.（我们过去认为它们只有单调的灰色和棕色鳞片，但现在人们认为它们的羽毛有明亮的颜色和图案。）可知关于非恐龙的新发现是它们有五颜六色的图案羽毛。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句scientists had noticed round tiny structures within them—structures that many had assumed were fossilized bacteria.（科学家们已经注意到它们内部的微小结构--许多人认为这些结构是细菌化石。）可知恐龙羽毛化石中的圆形微小结构曾经被误认为是化石细菌。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三自然段You can take ink from a squid you bought down at the fish market，put it under a microscope，and see perfect little round balls.And then when you take fossilized ink，it looks exactly the same.（你可以从你在鱼市买的乌贼上取墨水，放在显微镜下，看到完美的小圆球。当你用化石墨水时，它看起来完全一样。）可知Jakob Vinther的发现是通过对比乌贼的墨水和化石墨水完成的。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一自然段So basically，you just look for sausages and meatballs，and then you can actually put colors on extinct animals.（所以基本上，你只需要找到香肠和肉丸，然后你就可以给灭绝的动物涂上颜色。）可知作者在最后一段提到香肠和肉丸是为了解释什么决定了动物的颜色。故选C。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了黑素体的相关内容。科学家们基本认为黑素体没办法在石化过程中存活下来，但是进一步研究表明，它不仅可以存活，而且能告诉我们灭绝物种的真实颜色。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
22~25.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Lately，I've been thinking about my school life in the 1990s，when in class we were encouraged to express ourselves through creative writing，public speaking or perhaps taking part in some form of drama.And as we shared our creativity we were improving our communication skills.The emphasis here was how best to convey our thoughts as clearly as possible.Yet it seemed that all spoken word exercises were being taught only from the speaker's point of view，with little or no time spent teaching the art of listening.（最近，我一直在回想我在20世纪90年代的学校生活，当时我们在课堂上被鼓励通过创造性写作、公开演讲或参加某种形式的戏剧来表达自己。当我们分享我们的创造力时，我们提高了我们的沟通技巧。这里的重点是如何尽可能清楚地表达我们的想法。然而，似乎所有的口语练习都只是从说话者的角度进行教学，很少或根本没有花时间教授倾听的艺术。）可推知，第一段提到了英语课的好处以及缺点，即作者对20世纪90年代英语课的态度是客观的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段There is no question that we are a nation of bad listeners.One reason might be the fact that we have become a much more visual society as result of exposure to television，the Internet and all manner of hand-held wireless devices（毫无疑问，我们的国家都是糟糕的听众。其中一个原因可能是，由于电视、互联网和各种手持无线设备的使用，我们的社会变得更加视觉化）可知，作者认为，是技术的快速发展让我们成为糟糕的倾听者。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中I attended a small family gathering a few years ago and almost everyone except my 86-year-old aunt was constantly texting or checking email on their iPhone.It made me wonder why we had bothered get together in the first place as we were paying so little attention to one another（几年前，我参加了一个小型家庭聚会，除了我86岁的姑姑，几乎所有人都在不停地用iPhone发短信或查看电子邮件。这让我很好奇，我们当初为什么要在一起，因为我们对彼此的关注如此之少）可知，在几年前的家庭聚会中，作者的家人对彼此都不感兴趣。故选D。
（4）目的意图题。根据最后一段Remember，in order to be interesting，you must first be interested.And in conversation，you are supposed to be listening，not waiting to talk（记住，要想做个有趣的人，你首先得有兴趣。在谈话中，你应该倾听，而不是等着说话。）可推知，最后一段的目的针对于如何做一个有趣的人最后一段给出了建议。故最后一段的目的是给建议。A.To lead a discussion.引出讨论；B.To give a suggestion.提出建议；C.To provide a warning.提供警告；D.To make a comparison.进行比较。故选B。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了技术的发展导致我们花在真正倾听对方的时间似乎变少了这一问题，解释了其后背的原因以及倾听他人的建议。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
26~30.【答案】A、G、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Most of the time，we make promises to other people——"Mom，I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school".（大多数时候，我们都会对别人许下承诺ーー"妈妈，我保证放学后会整理我的房间"。）可知此处说的是大多数时候，我们会对别人做出承诺。A选项"It's a kind of promise.这是一种承诺。"符合语境。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year，we hope that we are going to improve our lives.（新年开始往往是制定决心的时候。当我们在年初下决心的时候，我们希望我们能够改善我们的生活。）和下文This helps them to remember their resolutions.Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.（这有助于他们记住他们的决心。另一些人告诉他们的家人和朋友他们的愿望和计划。）可知此处说的是新年开始往往是下决心的时候，这些决心制定他们的愿望和计划。G选项"Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.有些人写下他们来年的决心和计划。"符合语境。故选G。
（3）细节理解题。根据下文These are about making yourself a better person.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos，or learn to play the guitar.（这些是为了让你成为一个更好的人。有些人可能会说，他们将采取一个爱好，如绘画或拍照，或学习弹吉他。）可知此处说的是制定一个计划会自我提高很大。C选项"Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.许多决心都与自我提高有关。"符合语境。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文Some resolutions have to do with better planning，like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.（有些决心与更好的计划有关，比如制定每周作业计划。）可知此处说的是有了决心制定一个好的计划，这关系密不可分。D选项"For example，a student may have to find more time to study.例如，一个学生可能不得不找到更多的时间来学习。"符合语境。故选D。
（5）细节理解题。根据上文Sometimes people just forget about them.For this reason，some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions（有时候人们就是会忘记他们。因为这个原因，有些人说最好的解决方案就是不要有任何解决方案！）可知此处说的是最好的解决方案。B选项"How about you—will you make any next year？你呢？你明年会赚钱吗？"符合语境。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是决心，以及人们作决定的时间，种类。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。
31.【答案】【小题1】
The author looked at the diary proudly，but did not write anything.
【小题2】
He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened.
【小题3】
I think that writing dairies is a good habit.Because it can remind me of those old memories
【解析】1. （1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的During the first week of my life as a diary owner，I kept looking at it.My heart filling with pride.In the second week，I suddenly felt nervous.I had not written a single word in the diary.（在我作为日记本主人的第一个星期里，我一直看着它。我的内心充满了自豪。第二周，我突然感到紧张。我在日记里一个字也没写。）可知在第一个星期里，作者一直自豪地看着日记本，但是没有写任何东西。故答案为：The author looked at the diary proudly，but did not write anything。
2.
（2）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的I read it in a book called The Mammoth Book of How it Happened，by Jon E.Lewis.（我在一本叫The Mammoth Book of How it Happened的书中读到这个故事，作者是Jon E.Lewis。）可知Jon E.Lewis是The Mammoth Book of How it Happened一书的作者。故答案为：He is the author of The Mammoth Book of How It Happened。
3.
（3）开放问答题。言之有理，积极向上，注意词数限制。题干：你觉得写日记怎么样？可回答：我认为写日记是一个好习惯。它能让我想起那些过去的记忆。故答案为：I think that writing dairies is a good habit.Because it can remind me of those old memories。
32.【答案】Dear Jim，
I am writing to express my congratulations to you on your passing the HSK-4.（表示祝贺）
I know that you were not good at Chinese at first.【高分句型一】However，you practiced speaking Chinese every day.As the saying goes，"Everything comes to him who waits".【高分句型二】Finally，you succeeded after you have been studying Chinese for 10 years!In my mind，this test is very difficult for a foreign student.So I'm more than glad that you passed the HSK-4.（赞赏其付出）
I think if you go on studying Chinese harder，you will have the opportunity to study in China.Then we can communicate with each other face to face.（鼓励和期望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I know that you were not good at Chinese at first.
翻译：我知道你一开始中文不好。
分析：句子里，that引导宾语从句you were not good at Chinese at first。
高分句型二：As the saying goes，"Everything comes to him who waits".
翻译：俗话说："等待的人会得到一切"。
分析：句子里，As引导非限制性定语从句the saying goes。
此类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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