2022-2023学年山东省新泰市第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年山东省新泰市第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

新泰一中2022年高二上学期期中考试
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷 选择题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15.
答案是C。
1 What will the speakers do next?
A. Check the map. B. Leave the restaurant. C. Park the car.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. At a bus stop. B. At home. C. At the airport.
3. What did the speakers do last week?
A They had a celebration dinner.
B. They went to see a new born baby.
C. They sent a mail to their neighbors.
4. Why does the man make the phone call?
A. To cancel a weekend trip.
B. To make an appointment.
C. To get some information.
5. What does the man probably want to do?
A. Do some exercise. B. Get an extra key. C. Order room service.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 Why does the woman come to the man?
A. To ask for permission. B. To extend an invitation. C. To express thanks.
7. When are the students going to the museum?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Buying groceries. B. Choosing gifts. C. Seeing friends.
9. Who is Clara?
A. The man’s wife. B. The man’s sister. C. The man’s daughter.
10. How much did the man spend on the city passes?
A. $36. B. $50. C. $150.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why did Tracy bring dogs to the children?
A. To teach them to love animals.
B. To help them gain confidence.
C. To protect them from dangers.
12. What is Kevin’s concern about the dogs?
A. They may misbehave . B. They may get hurt. C. They may carry diseases.
13. What will Helen do tomorrow morning?
A. Give a talk. B. Meet the children. C. Take some photos.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the man doing?
A. Attending a lecture. B. Hosting a workshop. C. Conducting an interview.
15. Why is Emily doing unpaid work in the new season of the show?
A. To follow the latest trend.
B. To help raise the crew’s pay.
C. To support the post-production.
16. What enables Emily to try different things in her field?
A. Her college education. B. Her teaching experience. C. Her family tradition.
17. What does Emily think of her work at the Film Centre?
A. Boring. B. Rewarding. C. Demanding.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Who is the speaker talking to?
A. Sports club members. B. International tourists. C. University students.
19. Where did Emma work for a rugby team?
A. In Manchester. B. In Dublin. C. In Vancouver.
20. What can be a challenge to Emma’s work?
A. Competition in the health care industry.
B. Discrimination against female scientists.
C. Influence of the misinformation on the public.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节， 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Guaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language
Finally, we have a different approach that has millions of people talking. Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion (互动沉浸式) method, our interactive (人机对话的) software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar exercises. Combining thousands of real-life images and the voices of native speakers in a step-by-step immersion process, our programs successfully copy the experience of learning your native language.
Guaranteed to teach faster and easier than any other language product or your money back. No questions asked.
Chinese Vietnamese Russian Indonesia Korean
Hebrew Danish English Spanish Hindi
Portuguese Welsh Greek Dutch
Step-by-step immersion
Instruction in all key language skills:
Listening: Native speakers are employed to help you develop your understanding of the spoken language naturally.
Reading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas.
Speaking: Speech-recognition feature records and compares your voice to the native speaker’s and grades your pronunciation.
Writing: Practice writing the language you’re learning with the program to guide you. The dictation program assesses (评估) your spelling, syntax and punctuation.
Each fully interactive course includes:
●CD-ROM with 20 activities in each lesson.
●Previews, comprehensive exercises and examples for each lesson.
●Automated tutorials (辅导) that assess where you need extra help.
●Curriculum text and a user’s guide.
Level 1 CD_ROM —— $139
Level 2 CD-ROM —— $159
Level 1&2 Normally $298 Now $206.
Call or buy online for a 20% discount (打折).
Call 1800-6310-1389
Use promotional code (优惠代码) wds016 when placing an order.
All major credit cards accepted.
1. Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method?
A It encourages the active memorization of words.
B. It provides the user with many exercises in grammar.
C. It teaches by translating the foreign language into the user’s native language.
D. It allows the user to master a language in a shorter time than the average.
2. Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner’s life experiences?
A. Listening B. Reading C. Speaking D. Writing
3. In order to know his or her progress, what does a user of this software do?
A. He/she turns to the automated tutorials.
B He/she completes all the 20 activities in each lesson.
C. He/she calls 1800-6310-1389 to seek advice from a teacher.
D. He/she compares his or her voice with the native language.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对一款能够快速进行语言教学的动态沉浸式教学法进行了广告宣传。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Guaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language”(保证！学习一门语言最快的方法)和第二段第二句“Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion (互动沉浸式) method, our interactive (人机对话的) software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar exercises.”(使用屡获殊荣的动态沉浸式教学方法，我们的互动软件无需翻译、记忆或语法练习。)可知，动态沉浸式教学法的主要优点是它允许使用者在比一般人更短的时间内掌握一门语言。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Reading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas.”(阅读：文本练习通过将书面语言与现实生活中的物体、动作和想法联系起来，提高你的阅读技能。)可知，课程中的阅读技巧更多地与学习者的生活经历有关。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Automated tutorials (辅导) that assess where you need extra help.”(自动化教程评估您需要额外帮助的地方。)可知，为了了解进度，该软件的用户需要转向自动化教程。故选A。
B
The world's richest man might seem to have it all, but Bill Gates has one regret. The self - made billionaire said he felt stupid for not knowing any foreign languages.
Speaking in his third Ask Me Anything question — and — answer session for online programe Reddit, the Microsoft founder revealed that he wished he spoke French, Arabic or Chinese. He said： "I took Latin and Greek in high school and got A's and I guess it helps my vocabulary. "I keep hoping to study one of these——probably French because it is the easiest. I did Duolingo （ ―免费语言学习工具）for a while but didn't keep it up."
Gates, who is worth $ 79. 3 billion, praised Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg for making an audience surprising in Beijing when he spoke fluent Putonghua. He said ： ” Mark Zuckerberg amazingly learned Putonghua and did a Q&A with Chinese students - incredible. "
Owner of a building worth more than $ 120 million in his hometown of Medina, Washington, Gates' admission over language is not the first time he has given insight into his family habits and personal insights.
Last February, Gates said he likes to do the dishes himself ——to his own exacting standards every night and shared the surprising revelation that his wife, Melinda, would likely want Samuel L Jackson to play her husband in a biopic （传记电影）. He also admitted that he would pick up a $ 100 bill if he found it on the street.
As he took the top spot on Forbes 28th Annual Billionaires list last year for the fourth time, he said he is pretty basic when it comes to spending on clothes and food, but that he enjoys investing in shoes and racquets（网球拍）for when he plays tennis.
When asked a life lesson he had to learn the hard way the generous philanthropist （慈善家） said staying up too late is a habit he is still trying to break, " Don't stay up too late even if the book is really exciting. You will regret it in the morning. I am still working on this problem, " he said.
4. Why can’t Bill Gates speak foreign languages?
A. Because he was slow at language learning.
B. Because he has no time to study them.
C. Because he has no determination to study them.
D. Because he didn't study foreign languages at school.
5. From the passage we can learn that________.
A. Gates admires Zuckerberg for speaking Putonghua fluently.
B. Mark Zuckerberg earned much more money than Bill Gates.
C. Bill Gates once did well in learning Chinese in high school.
D. Bill Gates seldom tell other people about his personal affairs.
6. What's the main idea of the 5th paragraph?
A. Gates likes to make films.
B. Gates loves to do housework.
C. Gates is a common person in life.
D. Gates' wife is unsatisfied with him.
7. How can we describe Gates?
A. Determined B. Simple C. Extraordinary D. Reliable
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述讲述了比尔盖茨的简单生活和他对不能说外语的遗憾。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I did Duolingo （ ―免费语言学习工具）for a while but didn't keep it up.（我用了一段时间的Duolingo（免费学习语言的工具），但没有坚持下去。）可知，因为比尔·盖茨没有学习外语的决心，所以他不会说外语。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Gates, who is worth $ 79. 3 billion, praised Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg for making an audience surprising in Beijing when he spoke fluent Putonghua. （身价79. 30亿美元的盖茨称赞Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格在北京讲流利的普通话时令观众感到惊讶。）”可知，盖茨钦佩扎克伯格说一口流利的普通话。故选A。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“ Gates said he likes to do the dishes himself （盖茨说他喜欢自己洗碗）”和“He also admitted that he would pick up a $ 100 bill if he found it on the street.（他还承认，如果他在街上发现了一张一百美元的钞票，他会捡起它。）”可知，第五段主要讲述盖茨是生活中的普通人。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“ Gates said he likes to do the dishes himself （盖茨说他喜欢自己洗碗）”，“He also admitted that he would pick up a $ 100 bill if he found it on the street.（他还承认，如果他在街上发现了一张一百美元的钞票，他会拿起它。）”以及第六段“he said he is pretty basic when it comes to spending on clothes and food（他说他在衣服和食物上的花费是很基本的花费。）由此判断出，盖茨是一个很朴素的人，也是一个生活很简单的人。故选B。
C
This may be the 21st century but when it comes to information communication technology (ICT), the gender (性别) divide between boys and girls, shows no sign of closing.
This is bad news for the ICT industry where men outnumber women by over five to one; the industry needs at least an extra million recruits (新成员) over the next five years. Obviously, women as well as men are going to have to fill these recruitment gaps (空缺). The ICT companies are worried about the shortage of men and women to fill their gaps in the future.
It is believed that women are very well suited to working in ICT—they enjoy working in teams and like looking for creative connections. Many women have the kind of personal skills which are considered important to develop “new technology”. Professionals who work in Information Technology are constantly creating the world around us, and this can’t be done if you don’t know how people work and how they play.
In spite of the fact that ICT jobs are well paid and women are more likely to do well in them, findings show that girls’ opinions of the industry are uniformly negative. Only 5% would consider entering the ICT industry compared to 14% for law and 26% for medicine. Up to the age of 11 girls see ICT as entertaining and interesting but after that age negativity sets in; by the age of 13, this negative view of ICT is confirmed.
After school activities encourage some girls to use Information Technology, and getting ICT staff and other teachers together helps to develop imaginative use of ICT. Imaginative use of ICT especially in music, art, drama, geography and media studies, all helps to open girls’ eyes to the fact that careers in computing can cut across so many different areas.
Students complete the same class task by rote (死记硬背) in the ICT class. Although girls follow successfully, they will achieve enjoyment and excellence if allowed to diversify and be creative. For girls, just pressing buttons is not enough.
Another method is setting up computer clubs aimed at younger girls aged 8 to 14. This is known to inspire girls to develop their ICT skills and to show them that ICT can be both creative and interesting.
We can’t afford to have girls missing out.
8. What’s the problem facing the ICT industry according to the passage?
A. The high unemployment and the low incomes.
B. The serious imbalance between men and women in this industry.
C. Fewer and fewer people are working in the industry.
D. Many people think that the industry doesn’t look promising.
9. Why are girls fit for the job in information communication technology?
A. Because they prefer an independent and fresh working style.
B. Because they want to succeed and enjoy working with creative teammates.
C. Because they like cooperating with teammates and exploring new things.
D. Because they are interested in music, art, geography and media studies.
10. What is the attitude of girls to ICT by the time they become teenagers?
A. Positive. B. Uninterested. C. Serious. D. Shocked.
11. What do you know about imaginative use of ICT?
A. It is beneficial to girls.
B. It can make girls tired of learning.
C. It makes the classes more attractive.
D. It helps girls open up and learn from others.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们应该采取措施让更多的女孩进入信息通信技术领域。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This may be the 21st century but when it comes to information communication technology (ICT), the gender (性别) divide between boys and girls, shows no sign of closing.”（这可能是21世纪，但是当涉及到信息通信技术(ICT)时，男孩和女孩之间的性别差异并没有消失的迹象。）可知在ICT领域里，性别差异依然存在。第二段“This is bad news for the ICT industry where men outnumber women by over five to one”（这对于信息通信技术行业来说是个坏消息，因为该行业的男性人数超过女性人数的5倍）可知，在ICT领域里，男性人数超过女性人数。说明男女比例的不平衡是ICT领域现在面临的危机。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It is believed that women are very well suited to working in ICT—they enjoy working in teams and like looking for creative connections.”（人们认为，女性非常适合在信息通信技术领域工作——她们喜欢团队合作，喜欢寻找创造性的联系。）可知，女性喜欢团队合作和寻求创造性的联系，使得她们通常被认为适合在信息通信技术领域工作。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Up to the age of 11 girls see ICT as entertaining and interesting but after that age negativity sets in; by the age of 13, this negative view of ICT is confirmed.”（直到11岁的女孩都认为信息通信技术有趣，但过了这个年龄，负面情绪就开始了；到13岁时，这种对信息通信技术的负面看法得到了证实。）可推断，当女孩们成为青少年时，她们对信息通信技术是不感兴趣的。故选B项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段最后一句“Imaginative use of ICT especially in music, art, drama, geography and media studies, all helps to open girls’ eyes to the fact that careers in computing can cut across so many different areas.”（在音乐、艺术、戏剧、地理和媒体研究中充满想象力地使用信息通信技术，都有助于让女孩们开阔眼界，认识到计算机领域的职业可以跨越如此多的领域。）可知，在ICT领域使用想象力，有助于让女孩们开阔眼界，即在ICT领域使用想象力对于女孩是有益的。故选A。
D
To advance wind turbine (汽轮机，涡轮机)technology to meet the requirements of extremely rough environments like that on Mars, Ames partnered with NSF (the National Science Foundation) and the Department of Energy. " It was clear that a lot of the same features were also found in the cold regions of the Earth,“ says Bubenheim. "NASA took the leadership on the team because we had the longest-term technology—a Mars turbine.”
Years before, NSF had worked with a company called Northern Power Systems ( NPS) , based in Barre, Vermont, to build a 3-kilowatt wind turbine on Black Island off the coast of Antarctica. The main purpose of this turbine was to power communications to the NSF's South Pole station. In 1993 , Ames awarded the same company a Small Business Innovation Research ( SBIR) contract (合 同)to construct a similar wind turbine at the South Pole.
Jonathan Lynch, the chief technology officer at NPS, says the South Pole has less wind than Black Island but is even colder. " It's hard to have steels that work in those temperatures,“ he says. " The cold affects the parts and everything gets extremely fragile. We looked at which materials were appropriate for flexible wires, irons, and steels, and what lubrication (润 滑) systems were going to work and for what temperatures over a long period of time.”
In 1997, NPS made a 3-kilowatt turbine at the South Pole, and then began developing a 100-kilowatt turbine that could function in the same extreme conditions. The first types of the larger turbine were successfully deployed in Kotzebue, Alaska and Golden, Colorado. " They were fully tested in loads to make sure they worked, and we then built a lot of them, " says Lynch.
By 2000, the wind turbine technology had won an R&D 100 Award from R&D Magazine , and since then, says Bubenheim, "It's been copied and put in a lot of places around the globe. "
12. From the first paragraph, we can infer that_____.
A. the team wanted to build a wind turbine used on Mars
B. Mars and the Earth have the same features
C. NASA played the most important part in the team
D. the team was made up of Ames, NSF, the Department of Energy and NASA
13. Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A. The wind turbine technology was invented by Ames.
B. NPS made wind turbines for NSF and Ames.
C. NSF and Ames both used the wind turbines at the same place.
D. The wind turbine technology was only used in America.
14. What's the main idea of the 3rd paragraph?
A. The South Pole has worse condition than the Black Island.
B. NPS had confidence to build a wind turbine for the South Pole.
C. The materials for the turbines have to stand the extreme cold.
D. NPS had more challenges in building a wind turbine for the South Pole.
15. The word “ deployed” in the 4th paragraph can be replaced by.
A. made B. invented C. used D. advanced
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了涡轮机技术在寒冷气候条件下的发展与应用。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“NASA took the leadership on the team because we had the longest-term technology—a Mars turbine.（NASA领导了这个团队，因为我们有最长期的技术——火星涡轮机。）”可知，NASA在团队中扮演了最重要的角色。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Years before, NSF had worked with a company called Northern Power Systems ( NPS) , based in Barre, Vermont, to build a 3-kilowatt wind turbine on Black Island off the coast of Antarctica.（几年前，NSF曾与一家名为北方电力系统(NPS)的公司合作，该公司总部设在佛蒙特州的巴雷，在南极洲海岸的黑岛上建造了一台3千瓦的风力涡轮机。）和“In 1993 , Ames awarded the same company a Small Business Innovation Research ( SBIR) contract (合 同)to construct a similar wind turbine at the South Pole.（1993年，Ames给了这家公司一份小企业创新研究(SBIR)合同，在南极建造一个类似的风力涡轮机。）”可知，NPS为NSF和Ames公司制造风力涡轮机，所以选项B正确。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读第三段内容，并根据“It's hard to have steels that work in those temperatures,（在这样的温度下很难让钢铁工作）”和“The cold affects the parts and everything gets extremely fragile. We looked at which materials were appropriate for flexible wires, irons, and steels, and what lubrication (润 滑) systems were going to work and for what temperatures over a long period of time.（寒冷会影响身体的各个部分，一切都变得极其脆弱。我们研究了哪些材料适合于柔性电线、熨铁和钢材，以及什么润滑系统可以工作，以及在很长一段时间内在什么温度下工作。）”可知，第三段主要讲述NPS在为南极建造风力涡轮机方面面临着更多的挑战。故选D。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“They were fully tested in loads to make sure they worked, and we then built a lot of them（我们对它们进行了全面的负载测试，以确保它们能够工作，然后我们建造了很多这样的涡轮机）”可推知，划线单词“ deployed”在前一句的意思是“使用”，这句话的意思是“第一种较大的涡轮机在阿拉斯加的科特泽布和科罗拉多州的戈尔登成功使用。”故选C。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bring a blanket to school? Don’t think it’s a school camp. That’s the advice German schools have issued as part of the fight against the coronavirus.
The government requires schools to ventilate (通风) classrooms by opening the windows every twenty minutes.____16____ Schools have been told to open classroom windows fully for three to five minutes, and to open doors as well when possible so air can circulate (循环).
Daytime temperatures are already as low as 5℃ in parts of Germany and many classrooms are too cold to study in comfort. Winter temperatures are often well below zero. ____17____
Doctors have spoken out against the new government regulations. ____18____ “The rules are unreasonable,” Dr Stephan Pilsingerr said, They’re a health risk.”
Susanne, from the teachers’ union, said staff and pupils would have to dress “according to the onion principle”. ____19____ But she was dissatisfied with the government for failing to plan fully for the cold months.
___20___ The government in Hamburg bought 30,000 transparent plastic head visors (面罩) to schools in August. But it has now told schools they do not provide sufficient protection and should not be used. Pupils and staff are required to wear facemasks while moving about instead.
A. Leaving the windows open a crack is not enough.
B. Anyone can imagine how cold classrooms could get.
C. They warn they will cause a wave of colds and other infections.
D. Germany was one of the first European countries to reopen schools.
E. Schools could have stored more plastic head visors to avoid infections.
F. Ever changing government advice has resulted in a series of embarrassing U-turns.
G. With multiple layers they can remove as classrooms warm up between ventilation times.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在抗击新冠病毒期间，政府要求学校打开教室的门窗，但是，由于德国极其寒冷的气温，这项建议遭到了许多专业医务人员的反对。他们建议，教职员工和学生必须“按照洋葱原则”着装，学生和教职员工被要求在活动时戴上口罩。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Schools have been told to open classroom windows fully for three to five minutes, and to open doors as well when possible so air can circulate.”（学校已被告知，教室窗户要完全打开3到5分钟，并尽可能打开门，以便空气能够流通。）可知，选项A中的“Leaving the windows open（让窗户打开）”与原文中的“open classroom windows fully”（教室的窗户完全打开）相呼应，选项A：Leaving the windows open a crack is not enough.（把窗户开上一条缝是不够的。）符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Daytime temperatures are already as low as 5℃ in parts of Germany and many classrooms are too cold to study in comfort. Winter temperatures are often well below zero.”（德国部分地区的气温已经低至5摄氏度，许多教室太冷，无法舒适地学习。冬天的气温常常低于零度）可知，上文对德国的寒冷天气进行了具体的描述，所以，任何人都可以想象到教室会有多冷。B项：Anyone can imagine how cold classrooms could get.（任何人都能想象到教室会有多冷。）符合语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Doctors have spoken out against the new government regulations.”（医生们已公开表示反对政府的新规定。）以及下文““The rules are unreasonable,” Dr Stephan Pilsingerr said, They’re a health risk.””(Stephan Pilsingerr博士说:“这些规定是不合理的，它们是对健康的威胁。”)可知，C项中“cause a wave of colds and other infections.”（引起一波感冒和其他感染）与原文中的医生对政府新的规定的反对以及“They’re a health risk”（它们对健康构成威胁）相呼应，所以，C项：They warn they will cause a wave of colds and other infections.（他们警告他们会引起感冒和其他感染。）承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Susanne, from the teachers’ union, said staff and pupils would have to dress “according to the onion principle”.”（来自教师工会的苏珊娜表示，教职员工和学生都必须“按照洋葱原则”着装。）以及下文“But she was dissatisfied with the government for failing to plan fully for the cold months.”（但她不满意政府没有为寒冷的月份充分计划。）可知，选项G中的“With multiple layers they can remove”（如果有许多层，他们可以移除）与原文“dress “according to the onion principle””（按照洋葱原则着装）相呼应。G项：With multiple layers they can remove as classrooms warm up between ventilation times.（当教室在通风时间之间变暖时，他们可以脱掉多层着装。）符合语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“The government in Hamburg bought 30,000 transparent plastic head visors (面罩) to schools in August. But it has now told schools they do not provide sufficient protection and should not be used.”（8月，汉堡政府为学校购买了3万副塑料面罩。但是现在它已经告诉学校，它们没有提供足够的保护，不应该被使用。）可知，原文中提及到的“But it has now told schools they do not provide sufficient protection and should not be used.”（但是现在它已经告诉学校，它们没有提供足够的保护，不应该被使用。）与选项F中的“a series of embarrassing U-turns”（ 一系列令人尴尬的180度大转弯。）相呼应。F项：Ever changing government advice has resulted in a series of embarrassing U-turns.（不断改变的政府建议导致了一系列令人尴尬的180度大转弯。）符合语境。故选F。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
Mick Jagger, Charlie Watts, Keith Richards, and Ronnie Wood-The Rolling Stones — have played together for more than 50 years. However, they still recognize the ___21___ of practicing together.
They understand that for excellence to become a habit, you need to define a ___22___ approach to working together. You need to practice it over and over until it becomes second ___23___. Before every tour, the band typically spends two months in rehearsing . They ___24___ the opportunity to reconnect with their collective rhythm . The ___25___ enables the band to perform with almost telepathic communication. Richards says that he knows exactly what's happening by___26___watching Watts' left hand. If the rhythm ever slows, one glance from Richards to Wood speaks volumes. Together they will then ___27___ the pace.
The Stones' ___28___ comes from each member having a distinctive yet complementary ___29___ Richards is their spiritual leader, Watts the band's backbone, Wood the mediator, and Jagger is ___30___ everything he can be - a chief executive in many ways.
Each of the band's members is a(n) ___31___ in his own right, but it is the chemistry the band has on each of them that works best. Being part of the Rolling Stones remains the best way for each member to achieve their ___32___ goals. The best teams are those who ___33___ individual drive with understanding the importance and ___34___ of the team.
This is the secret to becoming an excellent team ： There is no ___35___ to the ongoing devotion and intentional practice required to build better teams.
21. A. circumstance B. mode C. importance D. prospect
22. A. secure B. shared C. reliable D. independent
23. A. interest B. time C. nature D. preference
24. A. appreciate B. find C. expect D. use
25. A. work B. difference C. career D. practice
26 A. barely B. merely C. possibly D. secretly
27. A. step up B. slow down C. hold on D. bring down
28. A. appeal B. idea C. commitment D. success
29. A. tendency B. role C. characteristic D. view
30. A. interested in B. aiming at C. in control of D. in need of
31. A. witness B. genius C. educator D. player
32. A. accurate B. visible C. appropriate D. individual
33. A. combine B. mix C. help D. push
34. A. consequence B. objective C. potential D. power
35. A. ban B. way C. alternative D. key
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了滚石乐队作为一个优秀而成功的团队成功的秘诀，那就是：他们将能够个人才干与团队的整体利益，通过有意识地练习结合起来，以致他们演奏时达到了心灵感应和默契的程度。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们仍然认识到一起练习的重要性。A. circumstance环境；B. mode模式；C. importance重要性；D. prospect前途。根据上文“have played together for more than 50 years”以及本句中still，可知他们一起演奏了50年，仍然意识到一起练习的重要性（importance）。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们明白，要让卓越成为一种习惯，你需要定义一种可靠的合作方式。A. secure安全的；B. shared共享的；C. reliable可靠的；D. independent独立的。结合上文“excellence to become a habit”可知想一直保持卓越出色，就需要定义一种成员之间可靠的合作方式。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要一遍又一遍地练习，直到它成为你的第二天性。A. interest兴趣；B. time时间；C. nature天性，自然；D. preference偏爱。结合上文“You need to practice it over and over until it becomes second”可知通过一遍遍的练习，最终它会成为你的第二天性（nature），其他选项不符合语境。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们利用这个机会重新融入集体的节奏。A. appreciate感激，欣赏；B. find找到；C. expect期待；D. use利用。结合上文“Before every tour, the band typically spends two months in rehearsing.”可知每次巡演之前，乐队无一例外要花两个月时间彩排。他们是在利用（use）机会。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：练习使得乐队用几乎通过心灵感应的交流方式进行表演。A. work工作；B. difference差异；C. career事业；D. practice练习。根据上文“Before every tour, the band typically spends two months in rehearsing . ”可知此处指练习使得乐队用几乎通过心灵感应的交流方式进行表演。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Richards说，他仅仅通过观察Watts的左手就能确切地知道发生了什么。A. barely几乎不；B. merely仅仅，只不过；C. possibly可能地；D. secretly秘密地。通过上文“enables the band to perform with almost telepathic communication”可知乐队通过心灵感应的交流方式进行演出，即乐队成员之间仅仅通过观察对方的动作就能明白发生了什么。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后他们一起慢下步调。A. step up加快，提高；B. slow down减慢；C. hold on坚持；D. bring down降低。根据上文“If the rhythm ever slows, one glance from Richards to Wood speaks volumes.”可知节奏慢下来，他们也会一起慢下步调。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：滚石乐队的成功来自于每个成员都有一个独特而又互补的角色，Richards是他们的精神领袖，Watts是乐队的支柱，Wood是调解人，而Jagger则掌控着他所能做的一切——在很多方面都是首席执行官。A. appeal呼吁；B. idea想法；C. commitment承诺；D. success成功。根据文章的整体内容可知，比如第二段中“for excellence”，最后一段中“an excellent team”等信息，可知此处指滚石乐队的成功来自于每个成员都有一个独特而又互补的角色。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：滚石乐队的成功来自于每个成员都有一个独特而又互补的角色，Richards是他们的精神领袖，Watts是乐队的支柱，Wood是调解人，而Jagger则掌控着他所能做的一切——在很多方面都是首席执行官。A. tendency趋势；B. role角色；C. characteristic特征；D. view观点。根据后文中说Richards是他们的精神领袖，Watts是乐队的支柱，Wood是调解人，而Jagger则掌控着他所能做的一切，可知，这里是说每个人都有独特且互补的角色（role）。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：滚石乐队的成功来自于每个成员都有一个独特而又互补的角色，Richards是他们的精神领袖，Watts是乐队的骨干，Wood是调解人，而Jagger则掌控着他所能做的一切——在很多方面都是首席执行官。A. interested in对……有兴趣；B. aiming at目的在于；C. in control of控制；D. in need of需要。根据破折号后“a chief executive”可知此处指Jagger则掌控着他所能做的一切，短语in control of符合语境。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：乐队的每一个成员本身就是天才，但是在这个乐队里他们相互之间的关系中，每个人也都能尽其所能。A. witness目击者；B. genius天才；C. educator教育家；D. player玩家。此处是在对乐队成员作出评价，结合选项，只有B选项“天才”符合语境。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成为滚石乐队的一员仍然是每个成员实现个人目标的最佳途径。A. accurate精确的；B. visible可见的；C. appropriate适当的；D. individual个人的。结合后文“individual drive”可知此处指个人目标。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的团队是那些将个人动力与对团队重要性和力量的理解结合起来的团队。A. combine结合；B. mix混合；C. help帮助；D. push推。结合后文“individual drive with understanding the importance and”可知是指将个人动力与对团队的理解相结合，combine sth. with“与……结合”。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最好的团队是那些将个人动力与对团队重要性和力量的理解结合起来的团队。A. consequence结果；B. objective目的；C. potential潜能；D. power力量。上文“individual drive”提到了个人动力，故此处是指团队的力量。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了构建更好的团队所需要的持续投入和有意识的练习之外，没有其他选择。A. ban禁令；B. way方式；C. alternative选择；D. key钥匙。根据后文“the ongoing devotion and intentional practice required to build better teams”可知更好的团队需要持续投入和有意识的练习，此外，没有其他选择。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. No one knew how to prevent or treat it. John Snow, a British doctor, felt ____36____ (frustrate) . But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and ___37___ all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread, and Snow subscribed to the second theory that cholera ____38____ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but abundant ____39____ (prove) was still needed. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by ____40____ (mark) on a map the exact places ____41____ all those who died had lived. Snow doubted if the water pump was ____42____ (blame). At last, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump ____43____ (remove). Through his intervene, the disease was stopped in its tracks. ____44____ (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered _____45_____ father of modern epidemiology.
【答案】36. frustrated
37. for 38. was caused
39. proof 40. marking
41. where 42. to blame
43. removed
44. Fortunately
45. the
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了约翰·斯诺医生击败霍乱王的故事。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：英国医生约翰·斯诺感到很沮丧。分析句子可知，felt为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词。故填frustrated。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。once and for all为固定短语，意为“彻底地，一劳永逸”。故填for。
【38题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：总的来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的，斯诺支持第二种理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。根据subscribed可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语cholera和cause为被动关系，用被动语态，一般过去时的基本结构是：was/were caused。主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was caused。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是正确的，但还需要充足的证据。abundant为形容词，作定语修饰名词，空处需填名词作主语，proof当“证据”讲时，是不可数名词。故填proof。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。by为介词，后面需加动名词作宾语。故填marking。
41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。空处引导定语从句，先行词places在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
【42题详解】
考查固定用法。句意：斯诺怀疑水泵是不是罪魁祸首。be to blame为固定用法，意为“应该负责，该受责备”，此处主动形式表示被动意义。故填to blame。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他请人把水泵的把手取了下来。have sth. done为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，the handle of the pump和remove为动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填removed。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。“father of modern epidemiology.”意为“现代流行病学之父”，此处表示特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你们班下周要举行英语辩论赛，主题是：Which is better while studying abroad, living in the host family or campus dormitory? 请写一篇辩论稿，内容包括：
1.表明观点；
2.分析原因；
3.得出结论。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.首句已给出，请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nowadays, many students go abroad for further study.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1：
Nowadays, many students go abroad for further study. As for their accommodation, I think it better to live in a host family.
To begin with, many students feel homesick abroad. In that case, a host family gives them a sense of belonging and makes them feel warm at heart. What’s more，they can communicate with the natives more conveniently in a host family. It not only improves their spoken language but also helps them learn more about that country.
In conclusion, I firmly believe students should live in a host family while studying abroad.
Possible version 2：
Nowadays, many students go abroad for further study. As for their accommodation, I advocate that they should live in the campus dormitory.
Firstly, in general, students who choose to live in the dormitory are from different countries. In that case, through everyday communication，they can learn more about the languages and cultures of different countries around the world. In addition，there is no need for them to worry about their safety in the dormitory.
All in all, I firmly believe that students should live in the campus dormitory while studying abroad.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Which is better while studying abroad, living in the host family or campus dormitory? 为题，写一篇辩论稿。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表明观点；
2.分析原因；
3.得出结论。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
go abroad；further study；to begin with；in that case；a sense of belonging；communicate with；not only…but also…；in conclusion
第三步：连词成句
1.Nowadays, many students go abroad for further study.
2.As for their accommodation, I think it better to live in a host family.
3.To begin with, many students feel homesick abroad.
4.In that case, a host family gives them a sense of belonging and makes them feel warm at heart.
5.What’s more，they can communicate with the natives more conveniently in a host family.
6.It not only improves their spoken language but also helps them learn more about that country.
7.In conclusion, I firmly believe students should live in a host family while studying abroad.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… （供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as （供参考）
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句)（供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] As for their accommodation, I think it better to live in a host family.(it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式)
[高分句型2] It not only improves their spoken language but also helps them learn more about that country.（not only…but also…引导并列句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
18-year-old Sadiya was born in Deora, a small village in eastern India, but moved to the city of Mumbai when she was 3．In 2020, when the pandemic(疫情)broke out, her father’s small business was forced to close temporarily and the family returned to her ancestral village to wait out the pandemic．
However, it greatly shocked her when she found that attending school was uncommon in Deora，where almost half of the villagers couldn’t read. Unable to afford textbooks, many families often withdrew their children from schools. They didn’t wish to educate their children，many of whom had to work in the fields with parents though some had the desire to read．
Sadiya, the college girl with a strong sense of social responsibility, has been trying to seize opportunities to open doors for others. Fluent in Hindi, Urdu, and English, she often speaks at inter-college events on the right to education and enjoys a high reputation among college students．
Used to taking on challenges, Sadiya was determined to do something for the children. One day last July, Sadiya sat down with her family elders and proposed the idea of setting up a library”. Many shook their heads in disagreement—this wasn’t how a young girl should spend her time.
After many discussions, Sadiya finally convinced them and gained access to her relative’s guesthouse，mending it with $67 that she’d won in public-speaking awards. She took the help of her uncle, Akbar, and cousin, Nawaz, and got to work. Walls were repainted，the bamboo roof was repaired and lights and bookshelves were fixed, and the room was filled with chairs and a long table．Vivid charts stuck on the walls—from anatomy(解剖)to transportation, lightened the space. Looking at the newly-decorated“library”, Sadiya couldn’t hold back her excitement while imagining the children reading books here by light.
All was ready except books. So what Sadiya was desperate to do next was fill the shelves with books. She drew on all her savings and purchased many books suitable for children online.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But these books were far from enough．
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything ready，the library finally opened．
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
But these books were far from enough. To ensure children get access to more books, Sadiya took pictures of the library and uploaded them online, calling on students to donate books to the children library. Before long, hundreds of new and secondhand books poured in, but they needed checking, classifying and arranging in order on the shelves, which took Sadiya, her uncle and cousin a whole week. Tired as Sadiya was, a smile lit up her face when she pictured the scene where children were buried in reading by the book-filled shelves.
With everything ready, the library finally opened. Several children stepped in curiously, asking Sadiya, “Can we read the books?” “Sure. Welcome!” Sadiya encouraged them. Some chose what they liked, while others hesitated. Realizing they had trouble reading, Sadiya gathered them in a corner, teaching them from the very beginning. Soon more children joined in. Every night Sadiya spared some time to give lessons so that more children could gain knowledge from the books. Sadiya’s efforts opened the wisdom door for them, which would surely make a great difference to their lives.
【解析】
【分析】所给文章讲述印度女大学生Sadiya因为疫情回到家乡，发现那里的村民多半不识字，也不支持自己的孩子接受教育。充满社会责任感的Sadiya想为改善这种状况做点什么，她最终决定在当地建一间图书馆，她说服亲戚们同意了她的想法，并改建了一间客房，剩下的就是在里面装满图书，她用自己的积蓄在网上买了一些儿童书籍。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但是这些书远远不够。”可知，第一段可描写Sadiya想办法为图书馆添置书籍的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“一切准备就绪后，图书馆终于开放了。”可知，第二段可描写图书馆开放之后Sadiya管理图书馆和读者的情况。
2.续写线索：图书不够——-募捐书籍——图书馆开放——广受欢迎——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①参加：join in/take part in
②花费一些时间：spare some time/spend some time
③有困难：have trouble doing/have difficulty doing
情绪类
①犹豫：hesitate/hang back
②鼓励：encourage/inspire
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Before long, hundreds of new and secondhand books poured in, but they needed checking, classifying and arranging in order on the shelves, which took Sadiya, her uncle and cousin a whole week.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Tired as Sadiya was, a smile lit up her face when she pictured the scene where children were buried in reading by the book-filled shelves.（运用了过去分词作状语；由when引导的时间状语从句；由关系副词where引导的定语从句）
听力：1-5CBBCA 6-10ABBCC 11-15BAACC 16-20ABABC