资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩13页未读，
继续阅读
2022-2023学年重庆市万州第二高中高一上学期1月质量检测英语试题（Word版 听力
展开
这是一份2022-2023学年重庆市万州第二高中高一上学期1月质量检测英语试题（Word版 听力，文件包含英语答案docx、英语试题docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
万州第二高中2022-2023学年高一上学期1月质量检测
英语试题 参考答案
1．B【原文】W: If you scare me like that again, I’ll yell and the neighbors will hear.
M: I’m sorry. It was too good to pass up. You were just sitting there, and I thought it would be funny to throw the cat on you.
2．C【原文】W: Hey, how did you do on the exam?
M: Ah, I got an 82. It’s OK, I guess. But I thought I’d get at least an 85.
3．A【原文】W: When will you be home?
M: Around three.
W: OK. I’ll need the car after that. I’m going to the movies with Sharon.
M: Oh. I was hoping to take you out to dinner.
4．B【原文】M: I’m still wondering whether we should get another credit card.
W: Isn’t that just another bill to pay?
M: It could be. But we don’t have to use it a lot. I just want to build up our credit scores. They’re not as high as they should be, and the only way to get a home loan is to have really good credit.
5．C【原文】W: That’s the boy that started the fight in the school the other day.
M: His two sisters are in my math class. They are perfect students. He’s an exception.
6．B 7．C
【原文】M:When will you be finished with your work?
W:Give me another hour, please. I just have to write an environmental report before tomorrow.
M: That’s fine. Our dinner reservation isn’t until 8:00. It’s only 5:45 now. We can leave the apartment at 7:15.Is that enough time for you to get yourself ready?
W: Yes,definitely.I don’t want to keep your parents waiting, either, so I’ll try to hurry up.
M:Don’t worry. They can order snacks and drinks if we’re a bit late.
W:I don’t want to make them upset.
M:They understand how important it is to work. They’ll be impressed with your commitment. They’ll also berelieved that at least one of us is earning money, since my book hasn’t found a publisher yet!
W:Ha-ha! OK, Mike. Let me get this done. I can’t concentrate when you’re joking around.
8．C 9．B
【原文】M:What will you do while you’re in Rome?
W:I’d like to visit the Colosseum and the Trevi Fountain.
M:Anything else?
W:Well,also that tower that leans to the side.
M:You mean the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
W:Yes.
M:Well,that isn’t in Rome. It’s in a city called Pisa. If you’re going to travel anywhere outside of Rome,Isuggest Venice instead. You’d like it a lot because you can travel around in boats there.
W:I’m only in the country for a week, though. Would I have time to get to Venice?
M: I think you could spend two days in Venice and the rest in Rome.
W:Great! I’ll do that.
10．A 11．B 12．B
【原文】M: Good evening.
W: Hello, are you still here? It was 7:00 a.m. the first time I saw you. I was on my walk.
M: Yes, I’ve had a good long day.
W: I hope you’ve managed to catch some fish in all that time.
M: It’s not been too bad. I’ve got six big ones and four smaller ones. I had a really big one on the line but it got free.
W: Everyone who goes fishing has come across this. What will you do with your catch?
M: I’ll cook one for dinner tonight and freeze the rest.
W: Oh, lovely. I’m just about to cook dinner myself.
M: Would you like a fish?
W: Oh, I couldn’t.
M: Please. There are too many for me.
W: Thank you. That is so kind of you.
13．B 14．C 15．A 16．C
【原文】M: Susan, any plans for this Saturday? I was wondering if you’d like to have a picnic with me.
W: I’d love to, but I’m going to be really busy all day on Saturday.
M: What do you have to do?
W: First, my mom asked me to help clean the house in the morning, and then I have a dentist appointment at 12:30. I can’t miss that because I’ve canceled twice already.
M: Well, what about after that?
W: I need to meet with Julie at 2:00 p.m. We need to discuss a project, which might cost one hour.
M:OK, but are you free after that?
W: Hardly. I have to pick up my brother from soccer practice at 4:00, and my mom asked me to cook dinner for the family at 5:00. Then I have to clean the dishes and finish reading my math assignment. I’m not good at it. Who knows how long that’ll take?
M: Don’t you know that my major is math? I can help you with that.
W: Oh, yeah.
M: I’ll come over after dinner.
W: Thanks. It’s great to have you next door.
17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D
【原文】Brent: Hello, Alison.
Alison: Hi, Brent. You look great! Are you on a diet?
Brent: No, but I am getting more exercise. And I did quit smoking recently.
Alison: Quit smoking? I thought you said smoking helped relieve your stress.
Brent: It did at first. But after I became more aware of the harmful effects of smoking, my perspective changed.
Alison: It must have been something pretty serious.
Brent: It was. I’ve been smoking for years, but last month I started coughing really badly.
Alison: That’s scary. It’s true that smoking can cause lung cancer, heart disease and other diseases.
Brent: I had read about that stuff and didn’t think it applied to me until I got that cough. Then I realized I should take it seriously.
Alison: And now that you’ve quit, the people around you won’t be affected by secondhand smoke.
Brent: I know! Recently, I’ve been on my friend’s case to quit smoking now that she’s pregnant.
Alison: That’s very dangerous. The baby could get asthma which will affect its entire life.
Brent: I read a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) that said a top cause of death for children under the age of five is air pollution. Much of that is from secondhand smoke.
Alison: Oh, what else?
Brent: The report also said that secondhand smoke and air pollution result in about 570,000 child deaths around the world each year. The true harm of tobacco smoke is that it is a silent killer. Have you ever heard of thirdhand smoke?
Alison: You mean the poisonous chemicals from tobacco smoke that are left on things like clothes and furniture?
Brent: Exactly. So there’s really no avoiding the poisons left behind by smoking.
Alison: Even using a fan or air conditioner can’t get rid of the remains. The poison remains on surfaces for at least six months and is especially dangerous for babies and young children.
Brent: I used to think smoking was just a matter of personal choice. But obviously there are more things to consider.
Alison: I can imagine quitting smoking wasn’t easy. But you made the right choice. Good for you.
17. Why hadn’t Brent intended to give up smoking?
18. What is the main reason of death for children under the age of five according to a report ?
19. Why did Brent say tobacco smoke is a silent killer?
20. What does third-hand smoke mean according to the conversation?
21．A 22．B 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了拥有丰富文化遗产的拉丁美洲国家Guatemala一些著名景点。
21．推理判断题。根据本文关于Tikal National Park的介绍段最后一句“It is here, centuries ago, that the ancient Mayan civilisation boomed. (几个世纪前，古玛雅文明就是在这里繁荣起来的。)”可知，古玛雅文明曾在这里繁荣，因此如果游客对玛雅历史感兴趣，可以去这个国家公园。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据本文关于Guatemala City的介绍段最后一句“Here you will be able to spend a couple of hours appreciating the incredible and comprehensive collection of Mayan as well as colonial art. (在这里，你可以花几个小时欣赏玛雅人和殖民地艺术的难以置信而全面综合的收藏品。)”可知，这个地方有很多艺术作品，因此对热爱艺术的人，这是旅游绝佳目的地。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据本文关于Acatenango Volcano的介绍段第二句“The hike to the summit of this volcano is one of the toughest, yet most popular, in Guatemala. (攀登这座火山的顶峰是Guatemala最艰难但也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行之一。)”可知，攀登该火山顶峰是最艰
难，也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行，因此可推测这也是该火山最特殊的地方。故选C项。
24．D 25．B 26．A 27．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”可知，第一段陈述一项研究结果，即在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，接着文章开始解释这一现象的原因。由此推知，作者通过提出一个实验结论来引起文章主题的。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent.(它包括强化，原则是得到奖励的行为变得更强大和更频繁)”可知，“强化”是指在得到奖励后，行为会变得更强大和更频繁。由此推知，B项“每次山羊站起来的时候给它一些草。”属于强化，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.(在解决问题的过程中，受过训练的狗在灭绝的过程中捡起了更多的骨头。换句话说，对于经过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些没有接受任何领域训练的狗持续时间更长，行为也更强烈)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗们新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”和第二段中“Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持)... It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.(研究人员发现，这个过程背后的因素之一可能是持久性……训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持，从而产生了对灭绝的抵抗力，这将使它们成为更好的问题解决者)”和下文描述的实验过程可知，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。由此可知，B项“为什么训练有素的狗不
会轻易放弃”适合做文章标题。故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施的行星防御测试（planetary defense test）：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全解决措施其实很微妙，就是利用其与小型航天器与撞击，使它偏离轨道。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama.(核炸弹。就好莱坞而言，这是小行星和彗星等即将到来的太空物体的首选答案。像《大冲撞》和《世界末日》这样的电影依靠由布鲁斯·威利斯等明星表演的核武器来拯救世界，并传递戏剧性)”可知，此处是引入话题，当有危险的太空岩石准备撞击地球，好莱坞电影用核武器来拯救世界，那么现实中应该怎么做。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the spacecraft hit right on target.(随着撞击的临近，在大量的图像中，这颗蛋形小行星从屏幕上的一个小点逐渐变大，直到它的整个岩石表面迅速成为焦点，然后信号就消失了，因为航天器恰好击中了目标)”可知，当飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失了。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first ever test of planetary defense technology.(这次撞击是美国宇航局双小行星重定向测试（DART）的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射航天器的测试将历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试)”可知，这次发射航天器的目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026(美国宇航局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜)”，以及Lindley Johnson说的话“We’ve tacked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threaten Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphous haven’t yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down.（我们已经发现了很多太空岩石，尤其是那些可能导致物种灭绝事件的较大岩石。值得庆幸的是，目前没有一个较大岩石威胁到地球。但许多二晶形大小的小行星尚未被发现，如果它们坠毁，它们可能会摧毁一座城市)”可知，NASA之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。所以可推测出NEO Surveyor后期的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选C项。
32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者就除了在工作中使用的技能外，我们擅长的东西提出了自己的看法和见解。强调要努力地工作，结识很多人，对很多事情说“是”。不要抱怨，要在脸上露出微笑，提醒自己。以感激，谦卑和畏惧的心态来进入人生的下一个阶段。
32．推理判断题。由文章第四段“If you are really good at your job for a long enough time, you begin to believe that you can be good at any job and therefore can easily jump from one thing to another, switching horses in midstream. (如果你真的很擅长你的工作足够长一段时间，你就会开始相信你可以胜任任何工作，因此你可以很容易地从一件事跳到另一件事，中途换马。)”可知，职业的成功会让人们高估自己。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。由文章第三段“I happened to find a field in which my skills and the requirements of the job were a Venn diagram (韦恩图) with near total overlap. Like most of my friends, I spent my 20s and 30s marching determinedly along my given path, working hard, with purpose, and by the time I reached my 40s, I was able to enjoy the fruits of my labor. (我碰巧发现一个领域，我的技能和工作要求是一个几乎完全重叠的维恩图。和我的大多数朋友一样，我在20多岁和30多岁的时候，坚定地沿着既定的道路前进，努力工作，有目标，到了40多岁，我已经能够享受我的劳动成果了。)”可知，作者认为，跳槽时需要考虑自己的技能是否符合潜在的工作。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“At the same time! After all, doesn’t today’s White House sort of resemble Dancing With the Stars, if you squint(眯眼)hard and use your imagination? With experts and amateurs working together, trying to make it all look graceful while the audience alternatively laughs and cries?(同时毕竟，如果你眯起眼睛使出想象力，今天的白宫不就有点像《与星星共舞》吗？有专家和业余爱好者一起工作，试图让一切看起来优雅，而观众却在笑和哭？)”可知，作者以《与星星共舞》为例，说明专家预期的舞台效果和实际观众感受的不一样，暗示白宫也一样，不知道如何正常的运转。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。由文章倒数第四段“What I should be telling the young and ambitious is this: being really good at one thing is fantastic until it isn’t. The day may come, in my experience, will come, when you know you want to do, want to be, something else.(我应该告诉年轻人和有抱负的人：在一件事上做得真的很好，直到 。根据我的经验，当你知道你想做什么、想成为什么、做什么的时候，总有一天会到来。)”可知，文章后面讲了总有一天你会发现你想做什么，但在这之前你应该坚持做好一件事，直到你不再对这件事情感兴趣。故选B项。
36．E 37．F 38．A 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是发达国家的公共交通正在衰退。本文旨在探讨发达国家公共交通目前存在的问题，并尝试提出自己的解决方案。
36．根据上文“Public transport is in deep water in some countries. To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London, or the A-train in New York, the change might not be noticeable. (在一些国家，公共交通陷入困境。那些不得不挤上伦敦25路公交车或纽约A列车的人来说，这种变化可能并不明显)”说明公共交通陷入困境，与空格处是表明具体表现就是乘客人数的下降，因此E项“但许多国家的乘客人数持平或下降”与上一句形式转折关系，故选E。
37．根据上文“Although transport agencies blame it on things like roadworks and broken signals, it seems more likely that they are being outcompeted. (尽管运输机构将其归咎于道路工程和信号中断等问题，但似乎更有可能被淘汰)”说明公共交通即将面对的后果，与空格处是原因：新生交通力量大强大，例如下文中提到的“dock-less bicycles” 和“e-bikes”,因此F项“基于应用程序的出租车服务比火车或公共汽车更方便”符合语境，故选F。
38．根据上文“This is a headache for the operators of public transport systems. (这是公共交通系统运营商头疼的问题)”以及下文“But like it or not, public transport does some things very well. It provides a service for people who are too old, too young, too fearful or too drunk to drive or ride a bike. (但不管你喜不喜欢，公共交通在某些方面做得很好。它为那些太老、太年轻、太害怕或太醉而不能开车或骑自行车的人提供服务)”说明公共交通系统的问题也涉及到整个城市的运行，与空格处是因果关系，因此A项“这也是城市面临的问题”符合语境，故选A。
39．根据上文“So, how to deal with the problem? (那么，如何处理这个问题呢？)”说明要解决问题，需要解决方案，空格处是方案之一：合理定价道路使用。因此D项“在某种程度上，合理定价道路使用可能是一个解决方案”与上文一致，故选D。
40．根据下文“Taxi services and app-based cars could get people to and from airports and ports, which are often far from the urban core. (出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车可以让人们往返机场和港口，而这些机场和港口往往远离城市核心)”说明出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车有它们的优点，因此C项“运输机构也应该接受这些新兴交通力量。”符合语境，故选C。
41．D 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．D 46．B 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．A 53．A 54．D 55．A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦布望远镜首次拍到系外行星HIP 65426b图像的事情。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星，它围绕着距离太阳385光年的恒星运行，被称为“天文学的变革时刻”。A. difficult困难的；B. awful糟糕的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. transformative变革性的。根据上文“A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images”可知，这颗行星的发现有重大意义。故选D。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A. carefully细心地；B. precisely精确地；C. positively积极地；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“It captured images in infrared light”可知，用红外光拍摄图像能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. term术语，措辞；B. reason原因；C. explanation解释；D. material材料。根据上文的破折号和下文“for planets in orbit around other stars”可知，这是指exoplanets这一措辞。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它最终应该能让他们探测到云层在其表面移动，揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。A. reporting报道；B. forecasting预测；C. changing改变；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface”可知，这是利用红外光最终会达到的目的，所以应该是可以揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。故选D。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12倍，与地球与太阳的距离相比，它的轨道距离主星约100倍，这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。A. clear清楚的；B. impossible不可能的；C. easier更容易的；D. harder更难的。根据上文“The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun”可知，这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星的年龄只有1500万至2000万年，只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。A. time时间；B. age年龄；C. history历史；D. distance距离。根据下文“which is 4.5 billion years old”可知，这里指地球的年龄。故选B。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA说，与木星和土星一样，它“没有岩石表面，也不可能是宜居的。”A. renewable可再生的；B. habitable宜居的；C. detectable可探测的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“it has “no rocky surface”可知，它没有岩石表面，所以也不可能是宜居的。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次，就像一次微小的日偏食。A. form形成；B. component成分；C. existence存在；D. orbit轨道。根据下文“is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 9 at regular intervals”可知，这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. gentle温柔的；B. natural自然的；C. warm温暖的；D. bright亮的。根据下文“suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse”可知，当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时，系外行星才能被探测到。故选D。
50．考查连词词义辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接图像是极其困难的，因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要暗几千倍。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. unless除非；D. as if好像。根据这句话上下文意思可知，两个小分句之间是因果关系。故选A。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特（Aarynn Carter）说。A. look out留神；B. find out弄明白；C. block out阻挡；D. make out制作。根据上文“It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 10 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它。故选C。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. digging for挖掘；B. hiding from隐藏于；C. bringing out带出来；D. mixing into混合于。根据上文“James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to 11 light from HiP65426b’ s host star,”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它，所以感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，这个过程是很困难的。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40亿年前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A. infancy婴儿；B. childhood儿时；C. youth青年；D. peak顶峰。根据上文“The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old”可知，这颗行星只有1500万至2000万年的历史，所以相对于40亿年，应该是婴儿时期。故选A。
54．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表示，“韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细节，由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节。”A. in case of以防万一；B. in the way of以…的方式；C. regardless of不考虑；D. owing to因为。根据上文“ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect”可知，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节，应该是由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射。故选D。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分析另一颗系外行星WASP-39b上大气的化学组成，通过分析穿过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A. chemical化学的；B. physical物理的；C. psychological心理的；D. medical医学的。根据下文“detecting carbon dioxide”可知，这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学物质。故选A。
56．to make 57．One 58．were lined 59．till 60．but 61．who 62．shall 63．recorded 64．for 65．amusing
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。是马克吐温短篇小说《爱尔兰的“教派口号”》的节选改编。
56．考查不定式。句意：每一个政党都尽其所能使自己的教义广受欢迎，并吸引非宗教人士对他们的喜爱。分析句意可知，make“使得”需要改为不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to make。
57．考查代词。句意：人们经常听到这种激情最感人的例子。分析句意可知，此处需要使用代词one作主语，表示“普通大众，人们”。故填One。
58．考查被动语态。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。分析句意可知，谓语动词line“沿……排列成行”需要使用被动语态，因为其与主语the roadways“道路”构成动宾关系，且故事已经发生，使用一般过去时即可。故填were lined。
59．考查时间状语从句。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。分析句意可知，空格处需要填写连词引导时间状语从句，根据句意“新教徒用石头砸人，直到砸得到处都是鲜血才停下”可知，till“直到”符合语境。故填till。
60．考查连词。句意：我以为只有天主教徒会这样争论，但这似乎是个错误。根据下文“Every man in the community acts like a minister (社区里的每个人都像牧师)”可知并不只有天主教徒会这样争论，每个人都会，因此空格所在句是由存在转折关系的两个并列句构成的，需要使用but“但是”连接。故填but。
61．考查宾语从句。句意：社区里的每个人都像牧师一样，拿着一块砖头来反对持不同观点的人。分析句意可知，空格处应该使用关系代词who引导作介词against的宾语从句，且在句中作主语。 故填who。
62．考查情态动词。句意：法律规定，发出令人恼火的“教派口号”的人将被罚款40先令和费用。分析句意可知，空格处应该使用情态动词shall表示对将来肯定的推测，即如果发出“教派口号”将被罚款。故填shall。
63．考查过去分词。句意：因此，在警察法庭每天的报告中，人们都会看到这些罚款记录在案。分析句意可知，动词record“记录”应该使用过去分词形式作定语修饰fines“罚款”，因为两个为动宾关系，故使用过去分词形式。故填recorded。
64．考查介词。句意：上周，一名12岁的女孩因在公共街道上声称自己是“新教徒”而被处以40先令的罚款。分析句意可知，空格处填写介词for表示原因，即女孩被罚款是因为称自己是新教徒。故填for。
65．考查现在分词。句意：他们说，一名警察在一条黑暗的小巷里发现一个醉汉躺在地上，自我娱乐地大喊道：“见鬼去！见鬼去！”分析句意可知，动词amuse“使开心”需要使用现在分词形式amusing作宾语补足语，因为此处表示的是宾语a drunken man“一个醉汉”的持续性动作。故填amusing。
66．To whom it may concern,
I come from China, known for contemporary four great new inventions. They are high speed railway, mobile payment, bicycle sharing, and online shopping, which have added great convenience to our daily life.
Without any barrier to the Internet and a host of use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity, engaging the public to form different consumption habits. I seldom shop at brick-and-mortar shops now. What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. The easy access to consumer reviews helps me make informed purchases. Also, shopping online helps me save time and money. But because you can’t see the real thing, the goods you receive may not be the same as those online, which is really annoying.
Whatever happens, we hope you can improve the shortcomings of the technology and live a healthier and more colorful life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给3023年的地球人写一封信，介绍现代中国“新四大发明”(高速铁路，移动支付，共享单车和在线购物)，并以其中之一为例，说明新四大发明对生活的影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
闻名的：known →famous
赢得：gain →get →win
此外：also →besides →in addition
令人恼火的：annoying →angry
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I come from China, known for contemporary four great new inventions.
拓展句：I come from China, which is known for contemporary four great new inventions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Without any barrier to the Internet and a host of use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity, engaging the public to form different consumption habits.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
67．
A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive?
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者被邀请去一个农场野餐，发现一个房子里有只蜂鸟被蜘蛛网困住了，作者把蜂鸟救了，把蜂鸟带出去的时候它迟迟不肯走，当作者走到一条布满黑莓的小路时，它开始动了，但是却不肯飞走，徘徊着，后来终于飞走了，当作者准备离开时，蜂鸟又飞到作者面前，好像是在和作者告别。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，我又去了农场。”可知，第一段可描写作者回到农场时所看到的和所想到的。
②由第二段首句内容“我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。”可知，第二段可描写蜂鸟是如何对作者的以及作者的感想。
2.续写线索：想起救蜂鸟的时候——回到那个房子——想到那只蜂鸟——看见蜂鸟——蜂鸟的表现——作者的感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
①思绪回到……：thoughts drift back to/thoughts return to
②匆匆回到：rush back to/hurry back to
③盯着：eyes locked on/eyes staring at
情绪类
①宽慰：feel a surge of relief/feel relieved
②感激：grateful/thankful
【点睛】[高分句型1] As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. (由as引导的时间状语从句和when引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. (由that引导的主语从句)
万州第二高中2022-2023学年高一上学期1月质量检测
英语试题 参考答案
1．B【原文】W: If you scare me like that again, I’ll yell and the neighbors will hear.
M: I’m sorry. It was too good to pass up. You were just sitting there, and I thought it would be funny to throw the cat on you.
2．C【原文】W: Hey, how did you do on the exam?
M: Ah, I got an 82. It’s OK, I guess. But I thought I’d get at least an 85.
3．A【原文】W: When will you be home?
M: Around three.
W: OK. I’ll need the car after that. I’m going to the movies with Sharon.
M: Oh. I was hoping to take you out to dinner.
4．B【原文】M: I’m still wondering whether we should get another credit card.
W: Isn’t that just another bill to pay?
M: It could be. But we don’t have to use it a lot. I just want to build up our credit scores. They’re not as high as they should be, and the only way to get a home loan is to have really good credit.
5．C【原文】W: That’s the boy that started the fight in the school the other day.
M: His two sisters are in my math class. They are perfect students. He’s an exception.
6．B 7．C
【原文】M:When will you be finished with your work?
W:Give me another hour, please. I just have to write an environmental report before tomorrow.
M: That’s fine. Our dinner reservation isn’t until 8:00. It’s only 5:45 now. We can leave the apartment at 7:15.Is that enough time for you to get yourself ready?
W: Yes,definitely.I don’t want to keep your parents waiting, either, so I’ll try to hurry up.
M:Don’t worry. They can order snacks and drinks if we’re a bit late.
W:I don’t want to make them upset.
M:They understand how important it is to work. They’ll be impressed with your commitment. They’ll also berelieved that at least one of us is earning money, since my book hasn’t found a publisher yet!
W:Ha-ha! OK, Mike. Let me get this done. I can’t concentrate when you’re joking around.
8．C 9．B
【原文】M:What will you do while you’re in Rome?
W:I’d like to visit the Colosseum and the Trevi Fountain.
M:Anything else?
W:Well,also that tower that leans to the side.
M:You mean the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
W:Yes.
M:Well,that isn’t in Rome. It’s in a city called Pisa. If you’re going to travel anywhere outside of Rome,Isuggest Venice instead. You’d like it a lot because you can travel around in boats there.
W:I’m only in the country for a week, though. Would I have time to get to Venice?
M: I think you could spend two days in Venice and the rest in Rome.
W:Great! I’ll do that.
10．A 11．B 12．B
【原文】M: Good evening.
W: Hello, are you still here? It was 7:00 a.m. the first time I saw you. I was on my walk.
M: Yes, I’ve had a good long day.
W: I hope you’ve managed to catch some fish in all that time.
M: It’s not been too bad. I’ve got six big ones and four smaller ones. I had a really big one on the line but it got free.
W: Everyone who goes fishing has come across this. What will you do with your catch?
M: I’ll cook one for dinner tonight and freeze the rest.
W: Oh, lovely. I’m just about to cook dinner myself.
M: Would you like a fish?
W: Oh, I couldn’t.
M: Please. There are too many for me.
W: Thank you. That is so kind of you.
13．B 14．C 15．A 16．C
【原文】M: Susan, any plans for this Saturday? I was wondering if you’d like to have a picnic with me.
W: I’d love to, but I’m going to be really busy all day on Saturday.
M: What do you have to do?
W: First, my mom asked me to help clean the house in the morning, and then I have a dentist appointment at 12:30. I can’t miss that because I’ve canceled twice already.
M: Well, what about after that?
W: I need to meet with Julie at 2:00 p.m. We need to discuss a project, which might cost one hour.
M:OK, but are you free after that?
W: Hardly. I have to pick up my brother from soccer practice at 4:00, and my mom asked me to cook dinner for the family at 5:00. Then I have to clean the dishes and finish reading my math assignment. I’m not good at it. Who knows how long that’ll take?
M: Don’t you know that my major is math? I can help you with that.
W: Oh, yeah.
M: I’ll come over after dinner.
W: Thanks. It’s great to have you next door.
17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D
【原文】Brent: Hello, Alison.
Alison: Hi, Brent. You look great! Are you on a diet?
Brent: No, but I am getting more exercise. And I did quit smoking recently.
Alison: Quit smoking? I thought you said smoking helped relieve your stress.
Brent: It did at first. But after I became more aware of the harmful effects of smoking, my perspective changed.
Alison: It must have been something pretty serious.
Brent: It was. I’ve been smoking for years, but last month I started coughing really badly.
Alison: That’s scary. It’s true that smoking can cause lung cancer, heart disease and other diseases.
Brent: I had read about that stuff and didn’t think it applied to me until I got that cough. Then I realized I should take it seriously.
Alison: And now that you’ve quit, the people around you won’t be affected by secondhand smoke.
Brent: I know! Recently, I’ve been on my friend’s case to quit smoking now that she’s pregnant.
Alison: That’s very dangerous. The baby could get asthma which will affect its entire life.
Brent: I read a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) that said a top cause of death for children under the age of five is air pollution. Much of that is from secondhand smoke.
Alison: Oh, what else?
Brent: The report also said that secondhand smoke and air pollution result in about 570,000 child deaths around the world each year. The true harm of tobacco smoke is that it is a silent killer. Have you ever heard of thirdhand smoke?
Alison: You mean the poisonous chemicals from tobacco smoke that are left on things like clothes and furniture?
Brent: Exactly. So there’s really no avoiding the poisons left behind by smoking.
Alison: Even using a fan or air conditioner can’t get rid of the remains. The poison remains on surfaces for at least six months and is especially dangerous for babies and young children.
Brent: I used to think smoking was just a matter of personal choice. But obviously there are more things to consider.
Alison: I can imagine quitting smoking wasn’t easy. But you made the right choice. Good for you.
17. Why hadn’t Brent intended to give up smoking?
18. What is the main reason of death for children under the age of five according to a report ?
19. Why did Brent say tobacco smoke is a silent killer?
20. What does third-hand smoke mean according to the conversation?
21．A 22．B 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了拥有丰富文化遗产的拉丁美洲国家Guatemala一些著名景点。
21．推理判断题。根据本文关于Tikal National Park的介绍段最后一句“It is here, centuries ago, that the ancient Mayan civilisation boomed. (几个世纪前，古玛雅文明就是在这里繁荣起来的。)”可知，古玛雅文明曾在这里繁荣，因此如果游客对玛雅历史感兴趣，可以去这个国家公园。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据本文关于Guatemala City的介绍段最后一句“Here you will be able to spend a couple of hours appreciating the incredible and comprehensive collection of Mayan as well as colonial art. (在这里，你可以花几个小时欣赏玛雅人和殖民地艺术的难以置信而全面综合的收藏品。)”可知，这个地方有很多艺术作品，因此对热爱艺术的人，这是旅游绝佳目的地。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据本文关于Acatenango Volcano的介绍段第二句“The hike to the summit of this volcano is one of the toughest, yet most popular, in Guatemala. (攀登这座火山的顶峰是Guatemala最艰难但也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行之一。)”可知，攀登该火山顶峰是最艰
难，也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行，因此可推测这也是该火山最特殊的地方。故选C项。
24．D 25．B 26．A 27．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”可知，第一段陈述一项研究结果，即在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，接着文章开始解释这一现象的原因。由此推知，作者通过提出一个实验结论来引起文章主题的。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent.(它包括强化，原则是得到奖励的行为变得更强大和更频繁)”可知，“强化”是指在得到奖励后，行为会变得更强大和更频繁。由此推知，B项“每次山羊站起来的时候给它一些草。”属于强化，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.(在解决问题的过程中，受过训练的狗在灭绝的过程中捡起了更多的骨头。换句话说，对于经过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些没有接受任何领域训练的狗持续时间更长，行为也更强烈)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗们新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”和第二段中“Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持)... It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.(研究人员发现，这个过程背后的因素之一可能是持久性……训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持，从而产生了对灭绝的抵抗力，这将使它们成为更好的问题解决者)”和下文描述的实验过程可知，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。由此可知，B项“为什么训练有素的狗不
会轻易放弃”适合做文章标题。故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施的行星防御测试（planetary defense test）：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全解决措施其实很微妙，就是利用其与小型航天器与撞击，使它偏离轨道。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama.(核炸弹。就好莱坞而言，这是小行星和彗星等即将到来的太空物体的首选答案。像《大冲撞》和《世界末日》这样的电影依靠由布鲁斯·威利斯等明星表演的核武器来拯救世界，并传递戏剧性)”可知，此处是引入话题，当有危险的太空岩石准备撞击地球，好莱坞电影用核武器来拯救世界，那么现实中应该怎么做。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the spacecraft hit right on target.(随着撞击的临近，在大量的图像中，这颗蛋形小行星从屏幕上的一个小点逐渐变大，直到它的整个岩石表面迅速成为焦点，然后信号就消失了，因为航天器恰好击中了目标)”可知，当飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失了。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first ever test of planetary defense technology.(这次撞击是美国宇航局双小行星重定向测试（DART）的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射航天器的测试将历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试)”可知，这次发射航天器的目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026(美国宇航局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜)”，以及Lindley Johnson说的话“We’ve tacked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threaten Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphous haven’t yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down.（我们已经发现了很多太空岩石，尤其是那些可能导致物种灭绝事件的较大岩石。值得庆幸的是，目前没有一个较大岩石威胁到地球。但许多二晶形大小的小行星尚未被发现，如果它们坠毁，它们可能会摧毁一座城市)”可知，NASA之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。所以可推测出NEO Surveyor后期的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选C项。
32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者就除了在工作中使用的技能外，我们擅长的东西提出了自己的看法和见解。强调要努力地工作，结识很多人，对很多事情说“是”。不要抱怨，要在脸上露出微笑，提醒自己。以感激，谦卑和畏惧的心态来进入人生的下一个阶段。
32．推理判断题。由文章第四段“If you are really good at your job for a long enough time, you begin to believe that you can be good at any job and therefore can easily jump from one thing to another, switching horses in midstream. (如果你真的很擅长你的工作足够长一段时间，你就会开始相信你可以胜任任何工作，因此你可以很容易地从一件事跳到另一件事，中途换马。)”可知，职业的成功会让人们高估自己。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。由文章第三段“I happened to find a field in which my skills and the requirements of the job were a Venn diagram (韦恩图) with near total overlap. Like most of my friends, I spent my 20s and 30s marching determinedly along my given path, working hard, with purpose, and by the time I reached my 40s, I was able to enjoy the fruits of my labor. (我碰巧发现一个领域，我的技能和工作要求是一个几乎完全重叠的维恩图。和我的大多数朋友一样，我在20多岁和30多岁的时候，坚定地沿着既定的道路前进，努力工作，有目标，到了40多岁，我已经能够享受我的劳动成果了。)”可知，作者认为，跳槽时需要考虑自己的技能是否符合潜在的工作。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“At the same time! After all, doesn’t today’s White House sort of resemble Dancing With the Stars, if you squint(眯眼)hard and use your imagination? With experts and amateurs working together, trying to make it all look graceful while the audience alternatively laughs and cries?(同时毕竟，如果你眯起眼睛使出想象力，今天的白宫不就有点像《与星星共舞》吗？有专家和业余爱好者一起工作，试图让一切看起来优雅，而观众却在笑和哭？)”可知，作者以《与星星共舞》为例，说明专家预期的舞台效果和实际观众感受的不一样，暗示白宫也一样，不知道如何正常的运转。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。由文章倒数第四段“What I should be telling the young and ambitious is this: being really good at one thing is fantastic until it isn’t. The day may come, in my experience, will come, when you know you want to do, want to be, something else.(我应该告诉年轻人和有抱负的人：在一件事上做得真的很好，直到 。根据我的经验，当你知道你想做什么、想成为什么、做什么的时候，总有一天会到来。)”可知，文章后面讲了总有一天你会发现你想做什么，但在这之前你应该坚持做好一件事，直到你不再对这件事情感兴趣。故选B项。
36．E 37．F 38．A 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是发达国家的公共交通正在衰退。本文旨在探讨发达国家公共交通目前存在的问题，并尝试提出自己的解决方案。
36．根据上文“Public transport is in deep water in some countries. To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London, or the A-train in New York, the change might not be noticeable. (在一些国家，公共交通陷入困境。那些不得不挤上伦敦25路公交车或纽约A列车的人来说，这种变化可能并不明显)”说明公共交通陷入困境，与空格处是表明具体表现就是乘客人数的下降，因此E项“但许多国家的乘客人数持平或下降”与上一句形式转折关系，故选E。
37．根据上文“Although transport agencies blame it on things like roadworks and broken signals, it seems more likely that they are being outcompeted. (尽管运输机构将其归咎于道路工程和信号中断等问题，但似乎更有可能被淘汰)”说明公共交通即将面对的后果，与空格处是原因：新生交通力量大强大，例如下文中提到的“dock-less bicycles” 和“e-bikes”,因此F项“基于应用程序的出租车服务比火车或公共汽车更方便”符合语境，故选F。
38．根据上文“This is a headache for the operators of public transport systems. (这是公共交通系统运营商头疼的问题)”以及下文“But like it or not, public transport does some things very well. It provides a service for people who are too old, too young, too fearful or too drunk to drive or ride a bike. (但不管你喜不喜欢，公共交通在某些方面做得很好。它为那些太老、太年轻、太害怕或太醉而不能开车或骑自行车的人提供服务)”说明公共交通系统的问题也涉及到整个城市的运行，与空格处是因果关系，因此A项“这也是城市面临的问题”符合语境，故选A。
39．根据上文“So, how to deal with the problem? (那么，如何处理这个问题呢？)”说明要解决问题，需要解决方案，空格处是方案之一：合理定价道路使用。因此D项“在某种程度上，合理定价道路使用可能是一个解决方案”与上文一致，故选D。
40．根据下文“Taxi services and app-based cars could get people to and from airports and ports, which are often far from the urban core. (出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车可以让人们往返机场和港口，而这些机场和港口往往远离城市核心)”说明出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车有它们的优点，因此C项“运输机构也应该接受这些新兴交通力量。”符合语境，故选C。
41．D 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．D 46．B 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．A 53．A 54．D 55．A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦布望远镜首次拍到系外行星HIP 65426b图像的事情。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星，它围绕着距离太阳385光年的恒星运行，被称为“天文学的变革时刻”。A. difficult困难的；B. awful糟糕的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. transformative变革性的。根据上文“A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images”可知，这颗行星的发现有重大意义。故选D。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A. carefully细心地；B. precisely精确地；C. positively积极地；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“It captured images in infrared light”可知，用红外光拍摄图像能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. term术语，措辞；B. reason原因；C. explanation解释；D. material材料。根据上文的破折号和下文“for planets in orbit around other stars”可知，这是指exoplanets这一措辞。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它最终应该能让他们探测到云层在其表面移动，揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。A. reporting报道；B. forecasting预测；C. changing改变；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface”可知，这是利用红外光最终会达到的目的，所以应该是可以揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。故选D。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12倍，与地球与太阳的距离相比，它的轨道距离主星约100倍，这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。A. clear清楚的；B. impossible不可能的；C. easier更容易的；D. harder更难的。根据上文“The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun”可知，这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星的年龄只有1500万至2000万年，只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。A. time时间；B. age年龄；C. history历史；D. distance距离。根据下文“which is 4.5 billion years old”可知，这里指地球的年龄。故选B。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA说，与木星和土星一样，它“没有岩石表面，也不可能是宜居的。”A. renewable可再生的；B. habitable宜居的；C. detectable可探测的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“it has “no rocky surface”可知，它没有岩石表面，所以也不可能是宜居的。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次，就像一次微小的日偏食。A. form形成；B. component成分；C. existence存在；D. orbit轨道。根据下文“is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 9 at regular intervals”可知，这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. gentle温柔的；B. natural自然的；C. warm温暖的；D. bright亮的。根据下文“suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse”可知，当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时，系外行星才能被探测到。故选D。
50．考查连词词义辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接图像是极其困难的，因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要暗几千倍。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. unless除非；D. as if好像。根据这句话上下文意思可知，两个小分句之间是因果关系。故选A。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特（Aarynn Carter）说。A. look out留神；B. find out弄明白；C. block out阻挡；D. make out制作。根据上文“It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 10 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它。故选C。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. digging for挖掘；B. hiding from隐藏于；C. bringing out带出来；D. mixing into混合于。根据上文“James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to 11 light from HiP65426b’ s host star,”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它，所以感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，这个过程是很困难的。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40亿年前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A. infancy婴儿；B. childhood儿时；C. youth青年；D. peak顶峰。根据上文“The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old”可知，这颗行星只有1500万至2000万年的历史，所以相对于40亿年，应该是婴儿时期。故选A。
54．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表示，“韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细节，由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节。”A. in case of以防万一；B. in the way of以…的方式；C. regardless of不考虑；D. owing to因为。根据上文“ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect”可知，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节，应该是由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射。故选D。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分析另一颗系外行星WASP-39b上大气的化学组成，通过分析穿过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A. chemical化学的；B. physical物理的；C. psychological心理的；D. medical医学的。根据下文“detecting carbon dioxide”可知，这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学物质。故选A。
56．to make 57．One 58．were lined 59．till 60．but 61．who 62．shall 63．recorded 64．for 65．amusing
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。是马克吐温短篇小说《爱尔兰的“教派口号”》的节选改编。
56．考查不定式。句意：每一个政党都尽其所能使自己的教义广受欢迎，并吸引非宗教人士对他们的喜爱。分析句意可知，make“使得”需要改为不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to make。
57．考查代词。句意：人们经常听到这种激情最感人的例子。分析句意可知，此处需要使用代词one作主语，表示“普通大众，人们”。故填One。
58．考查被动语态。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。分析句意可知，谓语动词line“沿……排列成行”需要使用被动语态，因为其与主语the roadways“道路”构成动宾关系，且故事已经发生，使用一般过去时即可。故填were lined。
59．考查时间状语从句。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。分析句意可知，空格处需要填写连词引导时间状语从句，根据句意“新教徒用石头砸人，直到砸得到处都是鲜血才停下”可知，till“直到”符合语境。故填till。
60．考查连词。句意：我以为只有天主教徒会这样争论，但这似乎是个错误。根据下文“Every man in the community acts like a minister (社区里的每个人都像牧师)”可知并不只有天主教徒会这样争论，每个人都会，因此空格所在句是由存在转折关系的两个并列句构成的，需要使用but“但是”连接。故填but。
61．考查宾语从句。句意：社区里的每个人都像牧师一样，拿着一块砖头来反对持不同观点的人。分析句意可知，空格处应该使用关系代词who引导作介词against的宾语从句，且在句中作主语。 故填who。
62．考查情态动词。句意：法律规定，发出令人恼火的“教派口号”的人将被罚款40先令和费用。分析句意可知，空格处应该使用情态动词shall表示对将来肯定的推测，即如果发出“教派口号”将被罚款。故填shall。
63．考查过去分词。句意：因此，在警察法庭每天的报告中，人们都会看到这些罚款记录在案。分析句意可知，动词record“记录”应该使用过去分词形式作定语修饰fines“罚款”，因为两个为动宾关系，故使用过去分词形式。故填recorded。
64．考查介词。句意：上周，一名12岁的女孩因在公共街道上声称自己是“新教徒”而被处以40先令的罚款。分析句意可知，空格处填写介词for表示原因，即女孩被罚款是因为称自己是新教徒。故填for。
65．考查现在分词。句意：他们说，一名警察在一条黑暗的小巷里发现一个醉汉躺在地上，自我娱乐地大喊道：“见鬼去！见鬼去！”分析句意可知，动词amuse“使开心”需要使用现在分词形式amusing作宾语补足语，因为此处表示的是宾语a drunken man“一个醉汉”的持续性动作。故填amusing。
66．To whom it may concern,
I come from China, known for contemporary four great new inventions. They are high speed railway, mobile payment, bicycle sharing, and online shopping, which have added great convenience to our daily life.
Without any barrier to the Internet and a host of use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity, engaging the public to form different consumption habits. I seldom shop at brick-and-mortar shops now. What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. The easy access to consumer reviews helps me make informed purchases. Also, shopping online helps me save time and money. But because you can’t see the real thing, the goods you receive may not be the same as those online, which is really annoying.
Whatever happens, we hope you can improve the shortcomings of the technology and live a healthier and more colorful life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给3023年的地球人写一封信，介绍现代中国“新四大发明”(高速铁路，移动支付，共享单车和在线购物)，并以其中之一为例，说明新四大发明对生活的影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
闻名的：known →famous
赢得：gain →get →win
此外：also →besides →in addition
令人恼火的：annoying →angry
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I come from China, known for contemporary four great new inventions.
拓展句：I come from China, which is known for contemporary four great new inventions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Without any barrier to the Internet and a host of use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity, engaging the public to form different consumption habits.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
67．
A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive?
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者被邀请去一个农场野餐，发现一个房子里有只蜂鸟被蜘蛛网困住了，作者把蜂鸟救了，把蜂鸟带出去的时候它迟迟不肯走，当作者走到一条布满黑莓的小路时，它开始动了，但是却不肯飞走，徘徊着，后来终于飞走了，当作者准备离开时，蜂鸟又飞到作者面前，好像是在和作者告别。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，我又去了农场。”可知，第一段可描写作者回到农场时所看到的和所想到的。
②由第二段首句内容“我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。”可知，第二段可描写蜂鸟是如何对作者的以及作者的感想。
2.续写线索：想起救蜂鸟的时候——回到那个房子——想到那只蜂鸟——看见蜂鸟——蜂鸟的表现——作者的感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
①思绪回到……：thoughts drift back to/thoughts return to
②匆匆回到：rush back to/hurry back to
③盯着：eyes locked on/eyes staring at
情绪类
①宽慰：feel a surge of relief/feel relieved
②感激：grateful/thankful
【点睛】[高分句型1] As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. (由as引导的时间状语从句和when引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. (由that引导的主语从句)
相关试卷
重庆市万州第三中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题： 这是一份重庆市万州第三中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题，共10页。
重庆市万州第三中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题： 这是一份重庆市万州第三中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题，共6页。
重庆市万州第二高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期1月质量检测英语试题及答案： 这是一份重庆市万州第二高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期1月质量检测英语试题及答案，共22页。试卷主要包含了B．200等内容，欢迎下载使用。
