备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（广东专用）突破 08 冠词

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 一、考点总结       概念：位于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。       不定冠词，表泛指   基本用法：辅音音素前加a; 元音音素前加an冠词                       含有不定冠词的固定搭配：take a break, have a look        定冠词，表特指     1.双方都知道的人或事物前                          2.序数词或最高级前                          3.西洋乐器前       零冠词     1.by+交通工具    名词前代词或名词所有格修饰地名，人名，国家名前 考点一、冠词的分类分类说明例子不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式，一般用于特指the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片【注意】1. 有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词a，如：university，European，one-way等。2. 有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词an，如：hour，honest，honor等。考点二：冠词的基本用法不定冠词a、an的用法1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。注意：某些以元音字母开头的单词用a，因为其第一个音是/j/。如：a university，a European language。某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an，因为这些单词的＂h＂不发音。如：an honest boy，an hour ago。序号用法例句1表示数量＂一＂的概念There is a football behind the door. 门后有一个足球。2指事物的单位，有＂每一＂的意思You’d better take this medicine three times a day. 你最好每天三次服用这种药。He goes to the library twice a week. 他每周去图书馆两次。3表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。4用于第一次提到的某人或某物前A Mr. Smith is looking for you. 有位史密斯先生正在找你。5用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前A heavy rain fell yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雨。Listening to music is really a good pleasure. 听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。6表示＂同一＂的概念，相当于the same the sameThe two flowers look different, but they are of a kind. 这两朵花看上去不同，但是为同一类的。7用于一些固定搭配中in a hurry匆忙地，make a choice做选择，have a good time玩得高兴，a number of许多【知识拓展】1. 同宾语前不定冠词的使用：动宾短语中，与动词＂同＂的名词前一般要加不定冠诃，如：sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香         fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争；dream a sweet dream 做一个甜美的梦    live a happy life 过幸福的生活；smile an attractive smile 笑得迷人2. 惯用短语中的不定冠词have a word with sb 同某人谈话     have a try 试一下  have a good time 玩得高兴      have a look 看一看have a headache 头痛       have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步        take a bath 洗澡tell a lie 撒谎         wait a moment 等一会with a smile 微笑着           with an effort 努力地as a result 因此            once in a while 偶尔for a moment/ while 一会儿      in a hurry 匆忙地 make a face 做鬼脸           do sb a favour 帮某人忙take an active part in 积极参加         at a time 每次 as a whole 作为整体           all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前       in a word 总之考点三、定冠词定冠词用于固定搭配中all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外  all over the world 全世界  at the top of 在......顶端  in the habit of 有......习惯    not in the least 一点也不 考点四、 不用冠词的情况（即“零”冠词的用法）用法例子1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。Paper is made of wood.2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。Go along this road.Every student likes English in our class.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。My parents are teachers.4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。Today is Children’s Day.It’s hot in summer.5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。He went to school without breakfast.Let’s play football after school.6.在某些固定短语中。in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 考点五、 冠词的活用物质名词或抽象名词具体化时这类名词表示一种物质或抽象概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词，但如果表示具体人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词，具有此用法的名词有：  物质名词：rain  snow  fog  wind  drink  beer 等  抽象名词：success  failure  surprise  pleasure  beauty  pity  danger 等rain 雨---- a heavy rain 一场大雨 Music is really a great pleasure .序数词前面通常用定冠词the ,但也可用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”Learn English as a second language can be a painful experience . 形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者中较......时”，而形容词的比较级前用不定冠词表示“一个更......的”。The girl is the taller of the twins.If we sit near the front of the bus ,we’ll have a better view .表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前往往用定冠词，但当这些词前面有形容词修饰时，其前用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指。A new moon is hanging in the sky .一轮新月悬挂在空中。表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等名词前通常不加冠词，但若名词前有修饰词或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、某一月份等，其前要用冠词。We met for the first time in the winter of 1998易混   有无冠词意义不同的搭配in hospital住院                                in the hospital在医院里     in front of在…(外部的)前面                     in the front of在…(内部的)前面     at table进餐                                   at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船                                    by the sea在海边      go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)              go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去two of us我们当中的两人                        the two of us我们两人(共计两人)next year明年                                  the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)二、考点突破一．单项选择(    )1. Along the river, there is _____ eight-kilometer- long wooden walkway. /    B. a     C. an    D. the解析：C 沿河，有一条8公里长的木制走道。泛指一个用不定冠词，元音音素e开头，用an. 答案: C(    )2. Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite......The next morning, they took _____  kite to the park and tested it.a B. an C. the D. \解析：C 句意：第二天早上，他们把风筝带到公园里测试. a不定冠词；an不定冠词；the定冠词；不填。根据句意是指把他们做好的风筝带到公园里测试，是特指，所以用定冠词the，故选C。(    )3. ____ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.A. The B. A C. An D. /解析：A 句意：长城是世界七大奇观之一。根据不定冠词a/an一个，通常用于泛指，a用于辅音因素开头的可数名词单数前，an用于元音因素开头的可数名词单数前；定冠词the这个，那个，通常用于特指，也可以用于一些专有名词前；这里是用于专有名词The Great Wall前；故选A。 (    )4. ____ new study says that going to___bed late is harmful to our health． A．/， /    B．A， /    C．A，the    D．The， the解析：B  a/an是不定冠词，表泛指，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，a用于以辅音音素开头的单词；the是定冠词，用于特指．第一空：一项新的研究，是泛指．go to bed，上床睡觉，是固定词组．故选：B．(    )5.I went to __________ supermarket to buy ___________ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday．A．an，a B．a，a              C．the，/              D．/，the解析：B句意"昨天我去一家超市给我阿姨买了一个生日礼物．"．第一个空，泛指一家超市，supermarket是以辅音音素/s/开头，用a修饰．第二个空，泛指一个生日礼物，birthday是以辅音音素/b/开头，用a修饰．答案是B．二．语法选择(冠词专练)You may know the song Happy Birthday very well.But do you know about its writer? It was written by __1__ American girl.And now she has become __2__ very rich woman already.When she was __3__  child, she was poor.Once her friend Joan invited her to a birthday party.She was very more pleased but sad because she had not enough money to buy presents for her.“The party is coming soon.Now I have __4__ little money.” tears ran down her face.Late that night, she was in __5__ bed, thinking about the presents when the door opened and came in her grandma.“What happened？” her grandma asked.Hearing the girl's story, she said, “Don't worry.I think I can help you.How about singing a song together? Happy birthday to...”__6__ beautiful song! They sang and sang.Suddenly, she woke up.Though it was __7__dream, she decided to write it down at once and sang it to her friend at the party.When she sang the song at the party __8__ next day, her friends who attended the party were very happy.“How wonderfully she sings! We have never heard such a song before.Thank you for giving me __9__ special present，” said Joan.And they learnt to sing __10__ song together.Later, the girl became well known in America.(　　)1.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)2.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)3.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)4.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)5.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)6.A.How　　　  B.What　  C.What a　 D.How a(　　)7.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)8.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)9.A./　　　　   B.a　　   C.an　　   D.the(　　)10.A./　　　　  B.a　　   C.an　　  D.the解析：1.泛指一个，用不定冠词a/an, American以元音字母A开头，用an. An American girl一个美国女孩。因此答案为C2.泛指一个，用不定冠词a/an, American以元音字母A开头，用a. a very rich woman意为一个非常有钱的女士。因此答案为B3.当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起到介绍的作用。句意：当她还是一个小孩的时候，辅音c开头，用a. 因此答案为B4.固定搭配，little意思是一点点都没有，表示否定。句意：她没有钱买礼物，所以眼泪从脸上滑落。因此答案为A5.固定搭配，in bed意为在睡觉。因此答案为A6.感叹句，强调song，song是单数可数名词，因此用what a. 因此答案为B7.泛指一个，用不定冠词a/an, dream以辅音字母d开头，用a，句意为，尽管这只是一个梦。因此答案为B8.习惯用法，the next day 意为隔一天，,因此答案为D9.上文提到过的人或物前，用定冠词the，special present指上文的生日歌。因此答案为D10.上文提到过的人或物前，用定冠词the，指上文出现的song。因此答案为D三．语法选择(冠词专练)There were two men who lived next to each other.One of them was a retired teacher and     other was 2.     insurance agent(保险代理人).Both of them had planted many different plants in their gardens.3.      retired teacher rarely watered his plants and didn't pay4.      lot of attention to them.But 5.      his neighbor was very careful with his plants and watered them often.The retired teacher’s plants were small，but still looked okay，while the insurance agent’s plants were much bigger and greener.One night，there was heavy rain and wind due to 6.      minor(较小的)storm.7.      next morning,both of the neighbors came out to check on their gardens.The insurance agent saw that his plants had been ripped from 8.     ground and were totally destroyed.But the retired teacher's plants were not damaged at all but stood firm.The insurance agent was surprised.He went to consult(咨询)the retired teacher..“We both grew9.      same plants and I cared for my plants better than you did.How could your plants still be okay?"The retired teacher smiled and said,"Because you gave your plants too much attention.You made it too easy for them to grow.I gave my plants just 10.     little bit of water,so their roots had to grow deeper to absorb (more water.That is why my plants survived."(     )1.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. /(     )2.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. /(     )3.A.A        B.An         C.The         D. /(     )4.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. / (     )5.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. / (     )6.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. /(     )7.A.A        B.An         C.The         D. /(     )8.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. /(     )9.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. / (     )10.A.a        B.an         C.the         D. /解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邻居两人对待花草的不同态度和不同结果。1.C本题考查冠词。one.the other...一个…另一个…，故选C。2.B本题考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指，且insurance的发音以元音音素开头，故选择B。3.C本题考查定冠词。retired teacher上文提到过，表特指，故选择C。4.A本题考查不定冠词。a lot of许多。故选择A。5.D本题考查零冠词。名词前已有形容词性物主代词限定，所以用零冠词。故选择D。6.A本题考查不定冠词。这里表示泛指，且minor的发音以辅音音素开头，故选择A。7.C本题考查定冠词。The next morning在此处特指暴风雨之后的第二天早上。故选择C。8.C本题考查定冠词。the ground地面，是独一无二的事物，故选择C。9.C本题考查定冠词。the same同样的，表特指。故选择C。