2022-2023学年江西省高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年江西省高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了0分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年江西省高三（上）期中英语试卷
题号
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注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Big Thinkers Series

The 2022 Big Thinkers Series from New Scientist events features four online talks，covering a wide range of topics by world-class scientist speakers and experts.If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Save £20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series （available on-demand） or purchase single tickets for just £13 per lecture （available by early booking）.
Reality+：From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David Chalmers
In this talk，philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse-style virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR.
What we don't know about gravity with Claudia de Rham
We are all familiar with the concept of gravity.In this talk，Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover.
A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel
From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000-year history of how science is used to mark time.Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theory and quirky （反常的） historical detail.
Physics at the End of the universe with Katie Mack
The Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13.8 billion years.But how does the story end？Join astronomer Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics tells us about the final fate of the universe.


1. ow much does a series ticket cost？ ______
A. £13. B. £20. C. £30. D. £32.
2. What will Chad Orzel lecture in？ ______
A. The genuine reality. B. The secrets of gravity.
C. The history of time marking. D. The final fate of the universe.
3. What do the four talks have in common？ ______
A. They are all aimed at science lovers.
B. They are all concerned with gravity.
C. They will all be given by bestselling authors.
D. They will all be given by excellent physicians.
B
Edward O.Wilson who died on Dec.26，2021 at the age of 92，was an extraordinary scholar in every sense of the word.By the time I met him in 1982，he'd made great contributions to science.For example，he discovered the chemical means by which ants communicate.He worked out the importance of the habitat size and position in protecting animals.
In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the great man during a break at a small conference on social insects.He turned，extended his hand and said， "Hi，I'm Ed Wilson.I don't believe we've met." Then we talked until it was time to get back to the meeting.Three hours later I approached him again.He turned，extended his hand and said， "Hi，I'm Ed Wilson.I don't believe we've met"
Wilson forgot me but remained friendly.I was fresh out of graduate school，while Wilson was already very famous.Yet he didn't hesitate to extend his hand to me，not once but twice.
My work studying native plants and insects was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity.His 1992 book，The Diversity of Life，became the basis for an eventual turn in my career path.Throughout his career Wilson communicated the urgent need to preserve the natural world.As I see it，the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is someplace else.Providing a practical plan for protecting the earth has been my goal for the last 20 years，and I'm honored that it mixes with Wilson's thought.
4. When did the author meet Wilson for the first time？ ______
A. When the author was doing business
B. When the author was in graduate school
C. When the author attended a small conference
D. When the author was studying native plants.
5. What did the author probably think of Wilson after they met？ ______
A. Clever. B. Determined. C. Creative. D. Kind.
6. What do we know about the author？ ______
A. He regularly had discussions with Wilson.
B. His research was influenced by Wilson.
C. He wrote a book under the guidance of Wilson.
D. His opinion about nature was different from Wilson's.
7. What does the author think the way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is？ ______
A. Staying away from nature.
B. Learning to coexist with nature.
C. Conducting future research.
D. Learning about all kinds of animals
C
There's nothing wrong with a tomato that isn't perfectly rounded or a peach with an extra dimple （浅凹） or two；they still carry the same benefits and flavors as the versions we're used to seeing in grocery stores.Farmers conventionally throw away these imperfect items，as many grocery chains won't buy them for fear that they are unsellable.However，a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these deserted fruits and vegetables part of consumers' buying habits.
One such business is Imperfect Produce，a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers.Through this service，you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and veggies for around ﹩20 a week.This is about a 30 percent discount compared to what's currently sold in stores.Recently，the company had a major breakthrough when Whole Foods accepted their partnership and agreed to sell the misshapen （畸形的） produce.
While this movement might be a new trend here in the US，it's already gained serious momentum （势头） in Europe.In 2014，the E.U.announced the Year Against Food Waste，with French grocery chain Intermarche launching a very successful campaign called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables and England's Waitrose selling weather blemished apples.In Portugal，a similar company to Imperfect Produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off.
Buying these unfortunate-looking foods should be appealing to consumers not only because of the affordability，but also because of the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on decreasing food waste and the environmental pollution.It is believed that when the discarded fruits and vegetables decompose they release methane，a greenhouse gas that，when released into the atmosphere，is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.Waste is，in fact，the ugliest thing of all.
8. What do farmers do with imperfect fruits and vegetables traditionally？ ______
A. Throw them away. B. Tun them into fertilizer.
C. Donate them to charity. D. Store them for the winter.
9. What is the purpose of Imperfect Produce？ ______
A. To make better profits. B. To sell imperfect produce.
C. To get discounts from farmers. D. To compete with Whole Foods.
10. What can we learn about Europe compared with the US？ ______
A. It has more successfully-run food chains.
B. It produces less misshapen fruits and vegetables.
C. It addresses the problem of misshapen produce earlier.
D. It faces a more serious problem of unfavorable weather.
11. According to the last paragraph，why is wasted food harmful to the environment？ ______
A. It pollutes the farms.
B. It gives out a bad smell.
C. It contributes to global warming.
D. It produces lots of carbon dioxide.
D
You don't need to be an expert to recognize luna moths（蚕蛾）.They have hairy white bodies，red legs and huge green wings that stretch up to 4.5 inches across.And at the end of their wings are a pair of long tails that have attracted scientists for centuries.
Some of them theorized that it was possible that female moths judged the health and quality of a male by
the size of his tails.But it turned out that female moths were not choosy at all.They just had sex with the first males they could find.Others believed that the tails could increase luna moths' size to make them harder for the bats—the main enemy of luna moths—to handle.But the theory proved wrong in 1903 when a scientist named Archibald Weeks put bats against a bigger species of moths that lacked tails.He found that the bats killed 66%of their targets.Luna moths，despite being smaller，were harder to catch."Clearly，their tails provided an anti-bat advantage，"Weeks observed."I think they were used to direct bats away from the moths' body."
He was roughly right.More than a century later，Jesse Barber from Boise State University put luna moths against bats in a dark room and filmed the hunting.Under normal circumstances，the bats only managed to catch 35%of the luna moths.But if Barber cut off their tails beforehand，the bats caught 81% of them.That was not because the moths became worse fliers-in fact，cutting the troublesome tails seemed to have improved their flying abilities.
Barber explained that bats were not visual hunters.They found their food with a special sound.To be protected from bats，luna moths needed something that made confusing sounds.That was what the luna moths' tails did：As they flew，they waved behind them and produced sounds that were similar to their wing beats.To bats， either sounded like a huge part of their target，or like an entirely different target.As a result，they aimed about half their attacks at the tails.
12. What is Archibald Weeks'important contribution？ ______
A. He found that bats are the main enemy of luna moths.
B. He theorized that luna moths use their tails to confuse bats.
C. He proved that luna moths'size is important for their survival.
D. He observed that female moths prefer male moths with longer tails.
13. What can be learned about bats from Jesse Barber's conclusion？ ______
A. They are not visual hunters.
B. They usually hunt in the day.
C. They like bigger species of moths.
D. They can fly further than luna moths.
14. What does the underlined word"they"in the last paragraph refer to？ ______
A. Bats. B. Wings. C. Luna moths. D. Tail beats.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Who Is Right About Luna Moths'Tails，Barber or Weeks？
B. How Do Bats Use Their Special Sounds to Search for Food？
C. Why Do Luna Moths Have Such Troublesome Long Tails？
D. What Are the Disadvantages for Luna Moths to Have Long Tails？

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Maybe you are fearful of missing your holidays due to long waits for new passports. (1) .
Check your passport to see when it was issued
"After travel took a pause for many holidaymakers during the pandemic，plenty of passports need to be renewed.To beat any disappointments for your summer vacations，you'll want to make sure that it has been no more than ten years since your passport was issued，" Naveen says. " (2) ，including popular travel spots such as Egypt，Thailand，and Dubai.
(3) .
"I'd recommend thoroughly checking your application before you send it off.Many delays are made through typical errors-such as incorrect photos or typos-which can worsen your chances of receiving a passport in time for a summer trip，" he continues.
Go for digital rather than paper
Naveen advises， "There are many variables（变数）that go into how long it will take to get your passport renewed-from a first- time passport to a child's renewal.When it comes to the method of how you apply，digital applications generally take a short amount of time as parts of the application are less likely to get lost，plus the online process will be more efficient. (4) .
Make an appointment in person or over the phone
"With the current demand for travel in recent months，even the fast-track services for passport renewal are becoming overwhelmed so there is no quick fix（捷径）to receiving your passport on time，" he says. " (5) .Alternatively，look to book an appointment to one of the various passport centers across the country that way you can speed up the process in person and have someone on hand should there be any errors."

A.Ensure your details are correct
B.Admit your information of passports is right
C.Many people don't like the stressful life and want to travel
D.Keep this in mind if you don't want to end up being stuck in the waiting line
E.Naveen，founder of Next Vacay，has issued four tips to speed up the passport process
F.You also need the minimum of three or six months to gain entry into many destinations
G.However，if you are traveling for an emergency，you may be able to accelerate the process
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Twelve years ago I decided to change my job from an English as a Second Language teacher to simply working at a department store childcare room，basically for better hours and benefits.My (21) were preschoolers.To my (22)， many of these 2-4 year old children (23) no English at all because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby.How (24) I found myself teaching English to preschoolers!Two experiences were unforgettably (25) for me—they came from a couple of little girls.
One child was about 3 years-old when she (26) in the playroom.She was (27)， having recently come from Mexico and (28) only Spanish.However，I knew some Spanish，so we (29) time playing together while she (30) to English-speaking children around her.Eventually she (31) a local preschool and became (32) in English.One day she came to the playroom and (33) said to me， "Teacher，remember when I called you 'maestra' ？" Her bright eyes were filled with (34) !
The other child was also 3 years-old when she came to the(35) that was filled with blocks，crayons and paper，tea sets，etc.She had no (36) in the town because her family had just moved from another (37) .She went to preschool later on，also，and showed her great (38) in speaking English!Then one day…after a long time away…she came into the playroom and said to me， "Let's play blocks!" All our play was (39) with pleasure and learning and we played together cheerfully.From these children I learned to let extreme discomfort and the massive need for (40) become a springboard for joy and growth.
21.  A. bosses B. charges C. aims D. workmates
22.  A. satisfaction B. regret C. excitement D. surprise
23.  A. encountered B. liked C. improved D. lacked
24.  A. delightful B. encouraging C. incredible D. lucky
25.  A. annoying B. worrying C. disappointing D. moving
26.  A. turned up B. left off C. played by D. looked around
27.  A. active B. brave C. nervous D. clever
28.  A. missing B. speaking C. wanting D. ignoring
29.  A. enjoyed B. wasted C. desired D. valued
30.  A. walked B. waved C. signed D. listened
31.  A. called on B. lived by
C. participated in D. set up
32.  A. broken B. fluent C. trapped D. poor
33.  A. sweetly B. nervously C. hurriedly D. slowly
34.  A. sadness B. hatred C. confidence D. complaint
35.  A. shop B. playroom C. yard D. centre
36.  A. relatives B. teachers C. neighbours D. friends
37.  A. state B. school C. classroom D. street
38.  A. discomfort B. conveniences C. gifts D. shortage
39.  A. changed B. connected C. misunderstood D. removed
40.  A. pleasure B. concern C. notice D. learning
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. The TV series，A Lifelong Journey， (1) （earn） widespread applause，becoming the most-watched TV series on State broadcaster China Media Group in the past five years.
A Lifelong Journey， (2) （consist） of 58 episodes，is adapted from famous writer Liang Xiaosheng's novel of the same name which won the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize，one of the country's top honors for local writers，Starting in (3) late 1960s，the story follows the ups and downs of three children in a working-class family in northeastern China，striking a chord （和弦）with viewers for its details (4) （ vivid） bringing them back to old times.First (5) （ publish）in December 2017，the novel shows a wide range of Chinese people from different (6) （ walk） of life，from constructors to start-up founders，to examine the huge influence brought by the changes of Chinese society.Tie Ning，chairwoman of the China Writers' Association，said the great (7) （ popular） of the TV series，A Lifelong Journey，illustrates the "close bond" (8) literature and television.
"While taking a look at history，we could see the mutual（相互的） influence of literature，film and television to boost and inspire each other， (9) has connected writers and filmmakers closely."
she added.With popular TV series or movies，the stories that have inspired such screen works will see their influence grow even (10) （far）.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除成修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2.只允许修改10 处、多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

The weather has been like late summer this week，even though it is November.I have caught chance and walked every morning.After that，I tend to reward me with a cup of coffee from the cafe wherever I used to meet my old friends.During this difficulty time，everyone seems to being running short of money.Yesterday，I take a bag of coins with me and paid with exact changes.I exchanged the remainder of my coins with paper money.The clerk was very much happy to offer me paper money and said that they could always use coins，no matter how small the amount was.Heard what she said，I felt really grateful and delighted.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 上周六，你校组织学生到世纪公园参加植树活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请以 A Meaningful Activity为题，写一篇报道，内容包括：（1）活动目的；（ 2）活动过程；（3）活动意义。
注意：
（ 1）写作词数应为80左右；
（ 2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A Meaningful Activity       
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据第二段Save £20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series （available on-demand） or purchase single tickets for just £13 per lecture （available by early booking）.（购买"大思想家"系列所有四场演讲的系列票（可按需购买）或购买单场票价仅为13英镑（可提前预订），可以节省标准票价20英镑）可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4×13-20=32（英镑）。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel部分的From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000-year history of how science is used to mark time.Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theory and quirky （反常的） historical detail.（从巨石阵到原子钟，这是5000年来科学如何用来标记时间的历史。Chad Orzel是国际畅销书《如何教你的狗量子物理》的作者，他通过科学理论和离奇的历史细节为我们提供了一段诙谐的旅程）可知，查德•奥泽尔将用 时间标记的历史来进行演讲。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段的If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research.（如果你对你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么这个系列是你听到最新研究的地方）可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者。故选A。
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的2022年大思想家系列活动的四场在线讲座。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中By the time I met him in 1982，he'd made great contributions to science. （1982年我见到他时，他对科学做出了巨大贡献。）以及第二段中的In 1982 I cautiously sat down next to the great man during a break at a small conference on social insects. （1982年，我在一次关于社交昆虫的小型会议上休息时，小心翼翼地坐在这位伟人旁边。）可知，作者第一次见到威尔逊的时候，是在一次小型会议的休息时间。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Wilson forgot me but remained friendly.I was fresh out of graduate school，while Wilson was already very famous.Yet he didn't hesitate to extend his hand to me，not once but twice.（威尔逊忘记了我，但仍然很友好。我刚从研究生院毕业，而威尔逊已经很有名了。但他毫不犹豫地向我伸出了手，不是一次而是两次。）可知，威尔逊对于刚从研究生院毕业的作者是友好的，所以作者认为他是友善的。A．Clever.聪明的；B．Determined.坚定的；C．Creative.有创意的；D．Kind.友善的。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的My work studying native plants and insects was inspired by Wilson's descriptions of biodiversity.His 1992 book，The Diversity of Life，became the basis for an eventual turn in my career path. （我研究本地植物和昆虫的工作受到威尔逊对生物多样性的描述的启发。他1992年出版的著作《生活的多样性》成为我职业生涯最终转折的基础。）可知，威尔逊的生物多样性的描述对我的研究是有启发的。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的As I see it，the only way to realize Wilson's lifelong wish is to bury the idea that humans are here and nature is someplace else. （在我看来，实现威尔逊毕生愿望的唯一方法就是要把人类在这里，自然在别处的隔阂消除。）可知，实现威尔逊的毕生愿望的方式就是使人类和自然和平共处。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与学者威尔逊先生相处时的经历及威尔逊对作者的影响。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】A、B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Farmers conventionally throw away these imperfect items，as many grocery chains won't buy them for fear that they are unsellable. （农民通常会扔掉这些不完美的物品，因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因为担心它们卖不出去）可知，传统上，农民处理不完美的水果和蔬菜的方法是把它们扔掉。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Farmers conventionally throw away these imperfect items，as many grocery chains won't buy them for fear that they are unsellable. （农民通常会扔掉这些不完美的物品，因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因为担心它们卖不出去）及第二段One such business is Imperfect Produce，a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers. （其中一家公司是Imperfect Produce，这是一家向消费者提供新鲜丑陋农产品的初创公司）可知，Imperfeet Produce的目的是向消费者售卖新鲜不完美的农产品。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段While this movement might be a new trend here in the US，it's already gained serious momentum （势头） in Europe. （虽然这一运动在美国可能是一种新的趋势，但它已经在欧洲获得了很大的势头）可推知，与美国相比，我们了解到欧洲解决了早期生产的不完美的问题。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段It is believed that when the discarded fruits and vegetables decompose they release methane，a greenhouse gas that，when released into the atmosphere，is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over a 20-year period. （人们认为当丢弃的水果和蔬菜分解时，它们会释放出甲烷，这是一种温室气体，当释放到大气中时，在20年内的威力约为二氧化碳的86倍。）可知，根据最后一段，导致全球变暖是浪费的食物对环境的危害。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农产品销售企业为了让长相丑陋的蔬菜和水果进入销售渠道所做的努力以及这样做的意义。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的获取细节信息和逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述内容作出合理的推断；或归纳作者所阐述的观点理论。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、A、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中But the theory proved wrong in 1903 when a scientist named Archibald Weeks put bats against a bigger species of moths that lacked tails.He found that the bats killed 66%of their targets.Luna moths，despite being smaller，were harder to catch."Clearly，their tails provided an anti-bat advantage，"Weeks observed."I think they were used to direct bats away from the moths' body."（但1903年，当一位名叫Archibald Weeks的科学家将蝙蝠与一种更大的没有尾巴的飞蛾进行对抗时，这个理论被证明是错误的。他发现蝙蝠杀死了66%的目标。月蛾尽管体型较小，却更难捕捉。"很明显，它们的尾巴提供了抗蝙蝠的优势，"威克斯观察到。"我认为它们被用来引导蝙蝠远离飞蛾的身体。"）可知，Archibald Weeks的重要贡献是他认为月蛾用尾巴迷惑蝙蝠，尾巴为它提供了对抗蝙蝠的优势。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段开头Barber explained that bats were not visual hunters.They found their food with a special sound.（巴伯解释说，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎手。它们用一种特殊的声音找到食物。）可知，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎手。故选A。
（3）代词指代题。根据最后一段中To be protected from bats，luna moths needed something that made confusing sounds.That was what the luna moths' tails did：As they flew，they waved behind them and produced sounds that were similar to their wing beats.To bats，         either sounded like a huge part of their target，or like an entirely different target.（为了免受蝙蝠的伤害，月蛾需要能发出令人迷惑的声音的东西。这就是月蛾的尾巴所做的：当它们飞行时，它们在身后摆动，并发出类似于翅膀拍动的声音。对蝙蝠来说，它们要么听起来像目标的很大一部分，要么像一个完全不同的目标。）可知，划线部分的单词they指代的是前文提到的luna moths。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解释了月娥的尾巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用。C选项Why Do Luna Moths Have Such Troublesome Long Tails？（为什么月蛾有这么麻烦的长尾巴？）适合作本文标题。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解释了月娥的尾巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用。
做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】E、F、A、D、G
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文Maybe you are fearful of missing your holidays due to long waits for new passports.（也许你担心由于长时间等待新护照而错过假期。）可知"提起"加快办理护照"这个话题，因此E.Naveen，founder of Next Vacay，has issued four tips to speed up the passport process（Naveen是Next Vacay的创始人，他提出了四条建议来加快办理护照的速度），符合语境，故选E。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文including popular travel spots such as Egypt，Thailand，and Dubai.（包括埃及、泰国和迪拜等热门旅游景点。）可知此处说明的是和目的地相关的情况，因此F.You also need the minimum of three or six months to gain entry into many destinations（你还需要至少三到六个月的时间才能进入许多目的地），与下文一致，故选F。
（3）段落主题题。根据下文I'd recommend thoroughly checking your application before you send it off.（我建议你在发送之前彻底检查你的申请。）可知本段讲述了确保信息无误的问题，因此A.Ensure your details are correct（确保你的详细信息正确无误），概括了本段大意，故选A。
（4）根据上文When it comes to the method of how you apply，digital applications generally take a short amount of time as parts of the application are less likely to get lost，plus the online process will be more efficient.（当涉及如何申请的方法时，数字申请表通常需要较短的时间，因为申请表的某些部分不太可能丢失，而且线上过程将更有效。）可知此处说明线上申请更有效，因此D.Keep this in mind if you don't want to end up being stuck in the waiting line（如果你不想被困在等待的队伍中，请记住这一点），符合语境，其中this指代的是上文的plus the online process will be more efficient，故选D。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文Alternatively，look to book an appointment to one of the various passport centers across the country that way you can speed up the process in person and have someone on hand should there be any errors.（或者，也可以预约全国各地的一个护照中心，这样你就可以亲自加快办理过程，如果有任何错误，也可以找个人帮忙。）可知此处说明的是加快办理过程的方法，因此G.However，if you are traveling for an emergency，you may be able to accelerate the process（然而，如果你是因紧急情况旅行，你或许可以加快这个过程），与下文呼应，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4个如何加快办理护照的技巧。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~40.【答案】B、D、A、C、D、A、C、B、A、D、C、B、A、C、B、D、A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.bosses老板；B.charges需要照管的人；C.aims目标；D.workmates同事。句意：我需要照管的孩子都是学龄前儿童。根据空前的"working at a department store childcare room"和下文"I found myself teaching English to preschoolers"可知，作者需要照管的孩子都是学龄前儿童。charge在这里的意思是"需要照看的人"。故选B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.regret后悔；C.excitement激动；D.surprise惊讶。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些2-4岁的孩子中有许多根本不会说英语，因为店里的顾客都是总部在附近的一家国际公司雇员的家属。根据下文"many of these 2-4 year old children（3）no English at all because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby"可知，那些孩子根本不会英语，这让作者惊讶。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.encountered接触；B.liked喜欢；C.improved提高；D.lacked缺乏。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些2-4岁的孩子中有许多根本不会说英语，因为店里的顾客都是总部在附近的一家国际公司雇员的家属。根据下文"because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby"可知，那些孩子没有接触过英语。故选A。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.delightful令人愉快的；B.encouraging鼓舞人心的；C.incredible难以置信的；D.lucky幸运的。句意：我发现自己在教学龄前儿童英语，多么难以置信！根据上文"To my（2），many of these 2-4 year old children （3）no English at all"可知，作者发现自己在教学龄前儿童英语是令人难以置信的。故选C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.annoying令人生气的；B.worrying令人担忧的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.moving令人感动的。句意：有两件事让我感动，它们来自两个小女孩。根据上文"Two experiences were unforgettably"可知，有两件事让作者感动。故选D。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.turned up出现；B.left off停止；C.played by遵守；D.looked around环顾四周。句意：其中一个孩子出现在游戏室时大约3岁。根据下文"in the playroom"可知，其中一个孩子出现在游戏室时大约3岁。故选A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.active活跃的；B.brave勇敢的；C.nervous紧张的；D.clever聪明的。句意：她很紧张，因为刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语。根据下文"having recently come from Mexico and （8 ）only Spanish"可知，她刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语，不会说英语，所以她很紧张。故选C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.missing错过；B.speaking说；C.wanting想要；D.ignoring忽视。句意：她很紧张，因为刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语。根据下文"only Spanish"可知，她只会说西班牙语。故选B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoyed享受；B.wasted浪费；C.desired想要；D.valued重视。句意：不过，我懂一些西班牙语，所以我们很享受一起玩耍的时光，而她则听周围说英语的孩子们说话。根据上文"I knew some Spanish"可知，作者懂一些西班牙语，所以可以和那个孩子玩儿得很开心，空格处意为"享受"。故选A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.walked散步；B.waved挥动；C.signed签名；D.listened听。句意：不过，我懂一些西班牙语，所以我们很享受一起玩耍的时光，而她则听周围说英语的孩子们说话。根据下文"English-speaking children around her"可知，她听周围说英语的孩子们说话。故选D。
（11）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.called on呼吁；B.lived by以……为生；C.participated in加入；D.set up建立。句意：最后，她进入了当地的幼儿园，英语说得很流利。根据下文"a local preschool"可知，她进入了当地的幼儿园。故选C。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.broken破碎的；B.fluent流利的；C.trapped被困的；D.poor穷的。句意：最后，她参加了当地的幼儿园，英语说得很流利。根据下文"Teacher，remember when I called you 'maestra'"可知，她说英语变得流利了。故选B。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.sweetly甜美地；B.nervously紧张地；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.slowly缓慢地。句意：有一天，她来到游戏室，甜美地对我说："老师，还记得我叫你'maestra'吗？"根据下文"Teacher，remember when I called you 'maestra'"可知，孩子是甜美地对作者说话。故选A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.sadness悲伤；B.hatred仇恨；C.confidence自信；D.complaint抱怨。句意：她明亮的眼睛里充满了自信！根据上文"became （12）in English"可知，她说英语流利了，所以是很有自信。故选C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.shop商店；B.playroom游戏室；C.yard院子；D.centre中心。句意：另一个孩子来到游戏室时也是3岁，游戏室里堆满了积木、蜡笔、纸、茶具等。根据下文"that was filled with blocks，crayons and paper，tea sets，etc"可知，这里是说游戏室。故选B。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.relatives亲戚；B.teachers老师；C.neighbours邻居；D.friends朋友。句意：她在镇上没有朋友，因为她家刚从另一个州搬来。根据下文"because her family had just moved from another（17）"可知，她家才搬来，所以她在镇上没有朋友。故选D。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.state州；B.school学校；C.classroom教室；D.street大街。句意：她在镇上没有朋友，因为她家刚从另一个州搬来。与空前的"in the town"形成对比，她家刚从另一个州搬来，故选A。
（18）考查名词及语境理解。A.discomfort使人不舒服的事；B.conveniences便利设施；C.gifts天赋；D.shortage短缺。句意：她后来也上了学前班，在说英语方面显示出了她的天赋！根据下文"Let's play blocks"可知，她后来会说英语了，因此是在说英语方面显示出了她的天赋。故选C。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.connected连接；C.misunderstood误解；D.removed去除。句意：我们所有的游戏都与快乐和学习有关，我们一起愉快地玩耍。根据下文"with pleasure and learning"可知，我们所有的游戏都与快乐和学习有关。be connected with"与……有关"。故选B。
（20）考查名词及语境理解。A.pleasure快乐；B.concern担忧；C.notice通知；D.learning学习。句意：从这些孩子身上，我学会了让极度的不适和对学习的巨大需求成为快乐和成长的跳板。根据上文"All our play was（19）with pleasure and learning"可知，作者学会了让极度的不适和对学习的巨大需求成为快乐和成长的跳板。故选D。
本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者对两名对英语一无所知的学龄前儿童进行培养的故事。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

41.【答案】【小题1】has earned
【小题2】consisting
【小题3】the
【小题4】vividly
【小题5】published
【小题6】walks
【小题7】popularity
【小题8】between
【小题9】which
【小题10】further
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：电视剧《人世间》赢得了广泛的掌声，成为中国国家广播公司中国传媒集团在过去五年中收视率最高的电视剧。根据in the past five years可知，谓语动词为现在完成时态；主语是The TV series，谓语动词应与其保持主谓一致，用单数。故填has earned。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：《人世间》共58集，改编自著名作家梁晓声的同名小说，该小说获得了第十届茅盾文学奖，这是中国本土作家的最高荣誉之一。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词is adapted，所以空处应填非谓语动词，且consist是不及物动词，无被动语态，所以空处表示与其逻辑主语 A Lifelong Journey之间的主动关系，应填现在分词形式consisting。其中consist of表示"由……组成"。故填consisting。
（3）考查冠词。句意：故事始于20世纪60年代末，讲述了中国东北一个工人阶级家庭的三个孩子的起起落落，其细节生动地将观众带回了过去，使之与观众引起了共鸣。20世纪60年代的表达法是：in the 1960s，故填the。
（4）考查副词。句意：故事始于20世纪60年代末，讲述了中国东北一个工人阶级家庭的三个孩子的起起落落，其细节生动地将观众带回了过去，使之与观众引起了共鸣。空处修饰动词bringing应填副词vividly，表示"生动地"。故填vividly。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：该小说于2017年12月首次出版，展示了来自不同阶层的中国人，从建设者到创业者，以审视中国社会变化带来的巨大影响。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动shows，所以空处应填非谓语动词，又因其与逻辑主语the novel之间为被动关系，所以应填过去分词published。故填published。
（6）考查可数名词复数。句意：该小说于2017年12月首次出版，展示了来自不同阶层的中国人，从建设者到创业者，以审视中国社会变化带来的巨大影响。walk在此为可数名词，意为"阶层"。根据空格前的different可知，此处需要填可数名词复数walks。故填walks。
（7）考查不可数名词。句意：中国作家协会主席铁凝（音译）表示，电视剧《人世间》的巨大人气说明了文学和电视之间的"紧密联系"。此处为宾语从句的主语，所以用名词popularity，表示"人气，流行度"，不可数。故填popularity。
（8）考查介词。句意：中国作家协会主席铁凝（音译）表示，电视剧《人世间》的巨大人气说明了文学和电视之间的"紧密联系"。此处between……and……为固定结构，表示"……和……之间"。故填between。
（9）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：纵观历史，我们可以看到文学、电影和电视相互影响，相互促进和激励，这将作家和电影制作人紧密联系起来。此处非限制性定语从句中缺主语，应用which指代前面整句话。故填which。
（10）考查副词比较级。句意：随着受欢迎的电视剧或电影的出现，激发了这些银幕作品的故事将看到它们的影响力进一步增长。根据语境及空格前的even可知，此处用副词比较级further修饰动词grow。further表示"进一步，在更大程度上"。故填further。
这是一篇说明文。介绍了改编自著名作家梁晓声同名小说的电视剧《人世间》播出后赢得了广泛的掌声。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

42.【答案】The weather has been like late summer this week，even though it is November.I have caught ∧chance and walked every  morning.After that.I tend to reward         with a cup of coffee from cafe         I used to meet my old friends，During this       ime，everyone seems to         running short of money.Yesterday，I take a bag of coins with me and paid with exact        ，I exchanged the remainder of my coins         paper money，The clerk was very much happy to offer me paper money and said that they could always use coins.no matter how small the amount was.         what she said.I felt really grateful and delighted.
【详解】
1.考查冠词。句意：我抓住这个机会，每天早晨散步。根据前文"The weather has been like late summer this week，even though it is November.（虽然已经11月了，但这周的天气就像夏末一样）"可知，此处是指抓住前文中提到的这个机会每天散步，应用定冠词the。故在chance前加the。
2.考查反身代词。句意：在那之后，我往往会奖励自己一杯咖啡，那是我过去经常和老朋友见面的咖啡馆。此处宾语和主语指代相同，应用反身代词myself作宾语。故将me改为myself。
3.考查定语从句。句意：在那之后，我往往会奖励自己一杯咖啡，那是我过去经常和老朋友见面的咖啡馆。此处是定语从句，先行词为cafe，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故将wherever改为where。
4.考查形容词。句意：在这个困难时期，每个人似乎都缺钱。修饰名词time，应用形容词difficult表示"困难的"作定语。故将difficulty改为difficult。
5.考查动词不定式。句意：在这个困难时期，每个人似乎都缺钱。seem to do意为"似乎做某事"，为固定搭配，应用to do不定式。故将being改为be。
6.考查动词时态。句意：昨天，我带了一袋硬币，用零钱付了钱。根据Yesterday可知，此处应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。
7.考查不可数名词。句意：昨天，我带了一袋硬币，用零钱付了钱。change意为"零钱"时为不可数名词。故将changes改为change。
8.考查介词。句意：我把剩下的硬币换成了纸币。exchange...for...意为"用……换……"，为固定搭配，此处应用介词for。故将with改为for。
9.考查副词。句意：店员很高兴地给了我纸币，并说他们总是可以用硬币，不管数量有多小。修饰形容词happy应用副词very，very much修饰动词。故去掉much。
10.考查现在分词。句意：听到她说的话，我真的很感激和高兴。动词hear意为"听到"，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故将Heard改为Hearing。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在经济萧条时期的日常经历。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。

43.【答案】A Meaningful Activity
To raise the awareness of environmental protection，our school organized a tree-planting activity in Century Park last Saturday.（活动目的）
With everything ready，we headed to the park where we started to work right away. 【高分句型一】We were divided into three groups with the first group digging holes，the second planting trees and the third watering the seedlings.Time flied.Within two hours，twenty young trees stood there on the hill，dancing in the wind.Tired as we were，breathing in the fresh air，we felt refreshed and amply rewarded.（活动过程）
Through this activity，not only did we get close to nature，but we learmed a green environment was no easy task.【高分句型二】（活动意义）
【解析】高分句型一：With everything ready，we headed to the park where we started to work right away.
译文：一切准备就绪后，我们前往公园，在那里我们立即开始工作。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构，where引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：Through this activity，not only did we get close to nature，but we learned a green environment was no easy task.
译文：通过这项活动，我们不仅亲近了大自然，而且我们了解到了绿色环境并非易事。
分析：这句话使用了not only置于句首，后面用部分倒装。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。