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Unit 3 Natural elements 语法讲义 牛津深圳版英语七年级下册(含答案)
展开- To find out the rules of the reflexive pronouns(singular reflexive pronouns ending
and plural reflexive pronouns ending ). - To know the special usage of reflexive pronouns .
- To learn which prepositions of position often appear in the test and master it.
一、反身代词
| subject pronoun | adjectival possessive pronoun | reflexive pronoun |
singular | I | my | myself |
you | your | yourself | |
he | his | himself | |
she | her | herself | |
it | its | itself | |
plural | we | our | ourselves |
you | your | yourselves | |
they | their | themselves |
二、方位介词
一.反身代词
1. 定义
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。
- 用法口诀
反身代词表自身,句中可作三成分;动介后面用作宾,表示动作回自身。
句中强调同位语,主语宾语后变跟;系动be后作表语,这个用法要牢记。
- 辨析
(1)作宾语,此时的宾语指的就是主语
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心
(2)作表语,此时的表语指的就是主语
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服
(3)作同位语
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要
注意:反身代词本身不能单独作主语
(错) Myself drove the car. (对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
反身代词不能做主语,但可以放在主语后或句末。
例如:I did it by myself.
- 常考固定搭配
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;
help oneself (to) 随便用;
hurt oneself 伤害自己;
teach oneself 自学;
get dressed oneself 自己穿衣
【即学即练】
用相应的反身代词填空。
1. The box _______(it) is not so heavy.
2. You had better ask the driver _______ (him).
3. Take good care of _______(you).
4. The child can dress ________(he).
5. The poor boy was_______(me).
6. I’m not quite _______(I) these days.
参考答案:
1.itself 2. himself 3. yourself 4. himself 5.myself 6. myself
二.方位介词
1. 基本方位介词
in在……里面 | The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 |
on在……上面 | There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 |
under在……下面/正下方 | What’s under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么? |
over在……正上方 | There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 |
above 在……斜上方 | Raise your arms above your head. 把手放头上 |
below 在……斜下方 | Her skirt came below her knees. 她的长裙子到膝盖以下 |
behind在……之后 | There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 |
next to在……旁边 | There is a café next to the barber’s. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 |
near在……附近 | My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 |
by 在……旁 | He was sitting by the window . 他坐在窗户边。 |
- 辨析
第一组:over, above和on的用法
over指在…的正上方,表示垂直在上。
There is a lamp over the desk.
above指在上方,属于斜上方。如:
Raise your arms above your head.
on指在上面,表示两物体接触。如:
There is a cup on the table.
第二组:under / below的用法:
under在……下面/正下方:What’s under your desk?
below 在……斜下方:Her skirt came below her knees.
【即学即练】
( ) 1. The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through | B. below | C. under | D. across |
( ) 2. Two planes are flying___ the city.
A. through | B. over | C. on | D. below |
( ) 3. We can see a river running to the east____ the hill.
A. under | B. below | C. over | D. on |
( ) 4. Do you see the kite ___ the building.
A. over | B. across | C. on | D. above |
参考答案:1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D
第三组:in 和on表示“在……上”
门一类——镶嵌在墙里的,用in,
字画一类——挂在墙面上的,用on
鸟一类落在树上的,用in;
苹果一类长在树上的,用on
【即学即练】
( ) 1. He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.
A. on; on | B. at; in | C. on; in | D. on; at |
( ) 2. There is a door___ the wall.
A. on | B. to | C. of | D.in |
( ) 3. There are some birds singing___ the trees.
A. in | B. on | C. at | D. from |
( ) 4. There are so many apples___ that tree.
A. in | B. on | C. at | D. from |
参考答案:1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
第四组:at, in表示“在……”
at表示较小的地点。如: at the bus stop, at home
in表示较大的地点。如: in China, in the world
( ) 1. Uncle Wang arrived____ Beijing half an hour ago.
A. at | B. in | C to | D. / |
( ) 2. My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street.
A. to | B. of | C. at | D. on |
参考答案:1. B 2. C
第五组:in front of 和in the front of
in front of表示“在…之前”(范围外)。
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of 表示“在…的前部”(范围内)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
【即学即练】
Tom sits the classroom ( in front of in the front of).
参考答案:in the front of
第六组:in / into
in表示“在……里面”,强调静态;
There is a ball in the box
into表示“去……里面”,强调动态。
The English teacher went into the classroom.
【即学即练】
- I can’t find my pen ______ (in into) my bag.
- The duck fell ______ (in into) the lake.
参考答案:1. in 2. into
第七组:through / across通过,穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维
The dog swam across the river.
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维。
The soldiers walked though the forest.
【即学即练】
( ) 1. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ?
A. through | B. across | C. on | D. in |
( ) 2. A mother camel was walking her son the desert.
A. without; along
B. with; through
- next to; pass
- beside; through
( ) 3. The river runs the city.
A. across | B. through | C. over | D. from |
参考答案:1. A 2. B 3. B
综合练习
一、单选
( ) 1. Help to some more meat, Linda.
A. me B. yourself C. I D. mine
( ) 2. I caught a cold. I’m not feeling today.
A. You B. myself C. yourselves D. your
( ) 3. Whenever Mary hears something interesting, she can't keep it to and
wants to share it with me.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
( ) 4. If people have problems, they should not keep them to and ask for
help.
A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. itself
( ) 5. --- Where’s my schoolbag?
--- It’s the table, the floor.
A. on; on B. on; under C. under; on D. under; under
( ) 6. --- Where is your Chinese teacher?
--- He’s the meeting room.
A. on B. of C. to D. in
( ) 7. We can get fresh water from rain, from rivers, or from the ground.
A. across B. under C. over D. off
( ) 8. --- Where’s your English teacher?
--- He was those four students.
A. in B. between C. among D. on
( ) 9. There is an apple tree the room.
A. in front B. in front of C. in the front D. in the front of
( ) 10. --- Excuse me, is there a museum the library?
--- Yes. The library is just in front of it.
A. behind B. beside C. next to D. from
( ) 11. The little elephant is afraid to go alone. He always walks his
mother.
A. besides B. beside C. below D. under
( ) 12. I made the cake by . Help , Tom.
A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself
C. myself, yourselves D. me, him
( ) 13. Don’t read the sun. It’s bad your eyes.
A. in; to B.under; for C. with; to D. in; on
( ) 14. The fireman saved the girl danger.
A. from B. out C. to D. in
( ) 15. Mr. Green is our English teacher and comes from USA.
A. he B. she C. it D. they
二、翻译
布莱克太太(Mrs.Black )本人就是一名医生。
_____________________________________________________________________
马丁(Martin)亲自照顾病人
_____________________________________________________________________
他有权为自己做出决定。
_____________________________________________________________________
他没为自己买什么。
_____________________________________________________________________
做你自己就好了。
_____________________________________________________________________
我今天不舒服。
_____________________________________________________________________
解析:
一、单项选择
1-5:BBDCC
6-10:DBCBA
10-15: BBBDA
二、翻译
Mrs.Black herself is a doctor.
Martin himself attended the sick man.
He has a right to decide for himself.
He bought nothing for himself.
Just be yourself.
I’m not myself today .
一、单项填空
( ) 1. --- Hi, boys. How was your party yesterday?
--- Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed .
A. themselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves
( ) 2. --- Jim, please help to some bread.
--- Thank you.
A. himself B. yourself C. herself D. myself
( ) 3. My sister is old enough to dress now.
A. himself B. herself C. myself D. itself
( ) 4. The little kid is just two years old. He’s too young to take care of .
A. myself B. themselves C. himself D. ourselves
( ) 5. The students called his teacher for help because they couldn’t do it by ______
A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves
( ) 6. We should think more of others than .
A. yourself B. yourselves C. ourselves D. themselves
( ) 7. --- What did you say?
--- Nothing. I was just talking to .
A. myself B. yourself C. herself D. himself
( ) 8. Tom’s mother often looks at in the mirror before leaving home.
A. himself B. herself C. themselves D. itself
( ) 9. Judy, don’t touch that knife. You may hurt .
- herself B. yourself C. myself D. itself
( ) 10. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in is very
important.
A. themselves B. itself C. ourselves D. yourselves
二、语法填空
根据图片用适当的方位介词填空。
1. There is a computer, a box and some books the table.
2. There is a map of China the table.
3. A chair is the table.
4. A model bike is the table.
5. Where is the football? It’s the table.
6. Look! There are some nice flowers the book shelf and the table.
7. I can see many books the book shelf.
8. I think there are some pens and rulers the box on the table.
9. I can’t see what’s the door of the shelf. Perhaps some books, too.
10. It’s dark now. I have to stay the room.
解析:
一、单项选择
1-5: DBBCD
6-10: CABBC
二、语法填空
1. on 2. above 3. in front of 4. next to / beside / on the right of
5. under 6. between 7. on 8. in 9. behind 10. in
| 主格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 反身代词 |
单数 | I | my | myself |
you | your | yourself | |
he | his | himself | |
she | her | herself | |
it | its | itself | |
复数 | we | our | ourselves |
you | your | yourselves | |
they | their | themselves |
在……里面 | in |
在……上面 | on |
在……下面/正下方 | under |
在……正上方 | over |
在……斜上方 | above |
在……斜下方 | below |
在……之后 | behind |
在……旁边 | next to |
在……附近 | near |
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