2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（A卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（A卷），共12页。
The human backbne, r the spine, desn't just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal crd, which carries imprtant infrmatin between the head and the lwer part f the bdy. This infrmatin mves arund as bursts f electricity travels between the brain and the ther parts f the bdy. When the spinal crd is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and the patients can't mve their legs.
Nw scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability t walk again. T walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly n the lwer part f their spinal crd, belw their injury. This "implant" cntains sixteen electrdes, which are small bjects that electricity can pass thrugh. The researchers made sure the electrdes were lined up with nerves that cntrl the leg muscles. The scientists cntrlled the implant frm a tablet cmputer.
The patients' brains aren't sending "walking" messages t their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant t send the walking messages. The researchers used cmputers t generate patterns f mvement, like taking a step. The patient then used the tablet t chse the pattern and the muscles mve in the chsen way. Over time, the men were able t walk using a special walker with buttns t cntrl each leg.
The slutin isn't perfect. It's very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can't walk withut the system. But the scientists are hpeful that in the future, this srt f technlgy will allw many paralyzed peple t begin t walk again in just hurs.
1.What's the main functin f the spinal crd?
A.It serves as a message carrier.B.It helps peple stand up straight.
C.It takes cntrl f the muscles.D.It prduces signals fr mvements.
2.What is the implanted device expected t d?
A.Activate the damaged nerves.B.Identify the psitin f the injury.
C.Test the degree f the damage.D.Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A.Hw the surgery is perfrmed.B.Hw the device wrks n patients.
C.Hw the patients walk withut aid.D.Hw mvement patterns are designed.
4.Which can be the best title f the text?
A.Damaged nerves recver after surgeryB.Tablets are used in a medical treatment
C.The implant helps the paralyzed walk againD.Scientists made a discvery n the backbne
2. Dzens f hneybees, which usually feed n wild flwers after leaving their hives(蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked int the cttage t feed frm an artificial flwer. Only ne bee was allwed in at a time, and their visits t artificial flwers were videed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked(模拟) calm and windy days.
But the researchers are trying t help them: it is a cntrlled experiment that reveals hw high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency f their feeding.
With n wind, the bees n average tk nectar(花蜜) frm 5.45 flwers during their 90-secnd time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell t an average f 3.73 flwers.
Researchers als examined the indirect impact f higher winds by mving the flwers.
The findings reveal that, while flwer mvements did nt appear t have an effect n the bees, the mvement f air frm the fans made them much mre hesitant t take ff frm a flwer, with time taken ranging frm an initial 0.05 secnds t 54 secnds.
Gergia Hennessy, lead authr f the research, said that ne pssible reasn fr the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speeds reduced the bees' bdy temperature, s they required lnger time t warm up the flight muscles required t take ff.
"With wind speeds predicted t increase in the years ahead, understanding hw we can help bees in a changing climate is becming ever mre pressing. Althugh we can't d much t cntrl r stp the wind, we can take steps t reduce its impact n bees, such as placing hives in sheltered lcatins," said Hennessy.
The Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the UN warned that the decline in glbal bee ppulatins was a "threat t glbal fd security and diversity".
Dave Gulsn, prfessr f bilgy at the University f Sussex, said, "Bees already face many pressures in the mdern wrld, such as lss f habitats and expsure t pesticides(杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Cping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw."
1.What task did the researchers set fr the bees?
A.Identifying the new rute.B.Surviving in extreme cnditins.
C.Feeding under different wind speeds.D.Distinguishing varius kinds f flwers.
2.What prbably makes a bee hesitant t take ff frm a flwer?
A.A full stmach.B.Lss f balance.
C.Changed flwer psitins.D.Reduced bdy temperature.
3.What can we d t reduce the impact f high winds n bees?
A.Stp the wind.B.Restre their habitats.
C.Address climate change.D.Prhibit the use f pesticides.
4.Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Lss f bees causes failure f fd crps
B.Bees are n the decline as glbal warming wrsens
C.Bees may struggle in winds caused by glbal warming
D.Artificial flwers are used fr threatened bee ppulatins
3. Histry never stps mving. It develps and it is fluid(易变的). What histry lks like tday is different frm what it lked like a hundred years ag, and what tday's histry in the making lks like nw may be seen differently just 20 years frm nw.
When cmbing the past and the present fr a list such as the 100 Peple Wh Changed the Wrld, there are criteria t cnsider, t be sure, but there are n hard and fast rules. There are judgments t be made, but there are n certain truths. Our list was less a hardened dcument than a current cllectin—a cllectin f men and wmen wh, fr better and smetimes fr wrse, have made a clear mark n ur civilizatin. Such a list is by necessity subjective and pen t delicius debate.
But while histry may be fluid, it des tend t be clarified ver time. The significance f Aristtle r Catherine the Great is easy t see frm here. And certainly, the imprtance f sme f histry's great characters such as Mther Teresa and Pabl Picass was apparent t their cntempraries. Others were largely invisible in their wn time. Their cntributins were realized nly lng after they were gne: Karl Marx died in 1883, many years befre his writings wuld inspire pwerful cmmunist scieties; Alan Turing, wh died lnely and painful, is nw regarded as the brilliant father f the cmputer.
Perhaps the mst interesting part f this exercise is thinking abut the final impact f present-day figures. Steve Jbs makes the list by virtue f his influence n high tech and ur daily lives. But what f Mark Zuckerberg? His impact is huge, and he has made it pssible fr billins f peple t cme tgether. But the scial media site has als made it easier t drive sciety apart, upsetting the news business.
Will the mment last? Only time will tell. Histry will mve unavidably frward; ur questins tday will have answers tmrrw. And lists like these will change—again and again and again.
1.What d we knw abut the list f "the 100 Peple Wh Changed the Wrld"?
A.It needs t be bjective.B.It is based n strict criteria.
C.It shuld be accepted by all.D.It keeps changing with histry.
2.What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A.Sme peple's cntributins may be recgnized much later.
B.Mst peple culdn't be acknwledged at their wn time.
C.Histry will change and giants' deeds will fade away.
D.The imprtant figures always stand ut easily.
3.What can be Mark Zuckerberg's impact n the wrld?
A.Psitive.B.Mixed.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.
4.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T educate readers.B.T persuade readers.
C.T infrm readers.D.T describe smething.
4. While psychlgists have studied tpics like happiness, ptimism, and ther human strengths fr decades, psitive psychlgy wasn't fficially identified as a branch f psychlgy until 1998 when Martin Seligman was elected president f the American Psychlgical Assciatin (APA). Seligman suggested that psychlgy had becme t fcused n mental illness. While this had brught abut valuable treatments that enabled psychlgists t treat a number f diseases and disrders that made peple unhappy, it meant that psychlgy was neglecting what was gd abut life—and what the average persn culd imprve.
Seligman called fr research int what makes nrmal peple's lives psitive and fulfilling, and suggested that the field shuld develp interventins that culd make peple happier. He stated that psychlgy shuld be just as cncerned with nurturing the gd things in life as it is with healing the bad.
Seligman made psitive psychlgy the theme f his term as APA president and used his rle t ppularize the wrd. Frm there the field tk ff. It received a great deal f attentin frm mainstream media utlets. Meanwhile, the first Psitive Psychlgy Summit was held in 1999, fllwed by the First Internatinal Cnference n Psitive Psychlgy in 2002.
Interest in psitive psychlgy has remained high ever since. In 2018, abut a quarter f the undergraduate students at Yale University enrlled in a curse devted t the subject f happiness. In 2019, mre than 1,600 delegates attended the Wrld Cngress n Psitive Psychlgy and research in the field has generated tens f thusands f academic papers.
Psychlgist Christpher Petersn pinted ut that psitive psychlgy is meant t serve as an extensin f the areas f psychlgy that fcuses n mental illness and human weaknesses. Psitive psychlgists dn't wish t replace r abandn the study f human prblems. They simply wish t add the study f what's gd in life t the field.
1.What shuld psitive psychlgy fcus n accrding t Seligman?
A.Slving human prblems.B.Treating bad emtins.
C.Healing mental illness.D.Helping develp gd things.
2.What made psitive psychlgy becme ppular?
A.Seligman's effrts t spread it.B.Internatinal cnferences' being held.
C.Attentin frm the media.D.Further research in this field.
3.What is Christpher Petersn's attitude tward psitive psychlgy?
A.Ambiguus.B.Dubtful.C.Objective.D.Critical.
4.What can be the best title fr the text?
A.The Limitatin f Psitive Psychlgy
B.Seligman, Father f Psitive Psychlgy
C.Psychlgy: Past, Present and Pssible Future
D.Psitive Psychlgy: a New Subfield f Psychlgy
5. It can be incredibly difficult t encurage urselves t g fr a run during winter, particularly when it's wet and windy utside. But new research has fund that even a super-quick run culd have great health benefits. In fact, it seems just a 10-minute sessin will nt nly make us feel better, but culd actually imprve brain health, t. Nw, we all knw that exercise can imprve mental and physical health in many ways.
But when it cmes t mental wellbeing, there's been relatively little research dne n the specific benefits f running, cmpared with ther physical activities, such as cycling. S this was smething put t the test during a recent study. Researchers frm University f Tsukuba in Japan asked participants t run n a treadmill (跑步机) fr just 10 minutes. They then had t take a Strp Clr and Wrd Test which is used t measure reactin times in brain prcessing. Results shwed there was a highest pint in self-reprted pleasure and an increase in degree f activity f the brain.
In ther wrds, runners were fund t have an increase in bld flw in the part f the brain that's assciated with dealing with functins and cntrlling md (情绪). Researchers then cmpared these results t a similar study n cycling, which als shwed imprved cgnitin(认知), but n md imprvement. Therefre, it seems varius types f exercise can make us feel differently.
The authrs nted, "Given exercise is medicine, the effects f drugs differ depending n the type f drug, different types f exercise such as running and cycling shuld be bserved t have different effects n mental health and brain functins as well.''
S pushing urselves t get utside fr a run really will make us feel better, ptentially mre than ther fitness activities. And these findings shw that we dn't necessarily need t d a lt f exercise t feel the benefit f it.
1. What did the new research find?
A. Running fast benefits all f us. B. Running is the best exercise.
C. A shrt time run can be beneficial. D. A healthy mind encurages us t run.
2. Hw did the researchers get the result?
A. By using different drugs. B. By taking sme wrd tests.
C. By cllecting the frmer infrmatin. D. By ding experiments and cmparisns.
3. Which is related t ur happiness?
A. Cycling. B. Medicine. C. Bld flw. D. Clrs.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. We shuld g fr a run in winter.
B. Running benefits us physically and mentally.
C. We dn't need a lt f exercise.
D. Running n a treadmill is better than running utside.
6. Decades f research has shwn that the ability t frgive is a life skill that helps the yung build resilience(恢复力). A sense f purpse helps them realize schlwrk is mre meaningful and mre pwerful. Being thankful changes the very nature f their lives, enabling them t gather their mtivatin t learn and find lifelng success. Humble (谦卑的) kids lve learning. Learning requires curisity, and curisity requires them t explre what they dn't knw.
All f this research suggests hw character can ften be a pwerful catalyst(催化剂) fr learning. When children can feel thankfulness fr their teachers, humility (谦卑) in the face f new knwledge, purpse in cnnecting small tasks t big gals, and frgiveness when lsing attentin because f being hurt, they can better pen themselves t the tiring prcess f learning abut the wrld. But as children learn, this can als help them t g alng the way fr further character develpment.
In ur prgram abut lve, we spke t Amy Warren, a researcher at Tuft University's Institute fr Applied Research and Yuth Develpment, wh studied "great lve and sympathy", the ability fr peple t widen their circle f care t the whle human beings. After in-depth interviews with 100 teenagers, she discvered that the bttm line that influenced yung peple's ability fr great lve and sympathy was nt mral instructin r a religius educatin, but expsure t different experiences and knwledge—everything frm playing sprts and cnversatins with peple frm different cmmunities t knwing a secnd language and scientific knwledge. In ther wrds, learning.
She ended her discveries with a sentence frm the pet Ortega Y Gasset: "S many things fail t interest us, simply because they dn't find in us enugh surfaces n which t live, and what we have t d is t increase the number f ideas in ur mind, s that a much larger number f themes can find a place in it at the same time." S, it's easy t see parents supprting their child's characters and learning as ne and the same.
1. What can the fur characters give the yung?
A. Feeling n tiredness. B. Aviding hurt.
C. Finding smething bad. D. Getting smething unknwn.
2. What des the underlined phrase "the bttm line" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. The key factr. B. The main mistake.
C. The useless methd. D. The pssible thery.
3. Wh is imprtant t help kids accrding t the text?
A. Pets. B. Parents. C. Teachers. D. Researchers.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Pur Great Characters Inspire Kids T Learn
B. The Imprtance Of Frgiveness
C. What Shuld Kids Learn After Schl
D. The Mst Imprtant Characters Fr Kids
7. Humans have been living and wrking n the space statin fr 20 years. Their meals are packaged, thugh smetimes astrnauts receive fresh treats frm resupply missins. The lnger that packaged fd is stred, the mre it lses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.
Astrnauts have successfully grwn 10 different crps n the space statin since 2015 and had the chance t sample each ne. The Internatinal Space Statin hsted a party fr astrnauts n Friday as they celebrated the harvest f the first Chili (辣椒) grwn in space. The crew finally had a chance t taste the peppers alter initially kicking ff the plant experiment n the space statin in July.
Plant Habitat-04 is ne f the mst cmplex plant experiments n the rbiting labratry t date because peppers take much lnger t grw than the previus experiment plants. After grwing fr fur mnths, the peppers were harvested n Friday.
Peppers prvide a great surce f vitamin C, as well as ther key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pllinate, s they are easy t grw, and they are a pick-and-eat crp that desn't have t be cked. They are als safe t eat raw.
A side effect f life in zer gravity is that astrnauts ften lse sme f their taste and smell, s spicy r well-seasned fds are a favrite. Adding fresh greens r peppers t the menu allws astrnauts t liven up their regular meals. But grwing and tending t the plants can als prduce ther benefits.
Astrnauts have described the jy frm seeing—as well as smelling and caring fr—leafy green plants n the space statin that remind them f Earth.
"Grwing clrful vegetables in space can have lng-term benefits fr physical and psychlgical health,'' said Matt Rmeyn, principal investigatr fr the experiment. "We are discvering that grwing plants and vegetables with clrs and smells helps t imprve astrnauts' well-being.''
1. What des underlined "kicking ff" in the 2nd paragraph mean?
A. Launch. B. Cmplete. C. Quit. D. Annunce.
2. What makes Plant Habitat-04 ne f the mst cmplex plant experiment?
A. The technlgy. B. Grwing prcess.
C. The varieties f plants. D. Grwing time required.
3. Why are peppers added t the menu fr astrnauts?
A. They are delicius. B. They restre their appetite.
C. They help kill diseases. D. They imprve their memry.
4. What is the suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Fun in the Space LifeB. The Cmmn Gal in the Space Missin
C. The First Chili Peppers Grwn in SpaceD. A Research Finding frm the Space Missin
8. In Melburne lies an 87-square-meter, three-stry, tw-bedrm and ne-bathrm huse. That may sund like a real prperty advertisement, but it culd be the hme f the future.
Made frm rganic materials and run n sustainable(可持续的) energy, the building, knwn as "The Greenhuse", is cmpletely zer waste. It was designed by zer waste advcate Bakker, as part f his Future Fd System husing experiment. "The greenhuse is inspired by nature—it's an ecsystem where nthing is wasted," Bakker says.
Organic waste is fed int a bi-digester where it ferments(发酵) and turned int gas fr cking r fertilizer fr prduce; rainwater is harvested and used fr irrigatin and a specific system, where plants grw using waste frm fish; and ht steam frm the shwer enables a wall f mushrms t bst. The huse is designed, says Bakker, with the rf as the fundatin, laded with 35 tns f sil, which prvides fertile (肥沃的) grund fr prduce—mre than 200 plant species grw n the rf, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens.
The site is mre than just a mdel hme; it's been a real ne fr J Barrett and Matt Stne, wh were chefs al the small in-huse restaurant. "T be able t grw and prduce fd n a tiny ftprint in the city and turn it int exciting dishes is cmpletely unique," says Stne.
Thrugh the prject, Bakker wanted t demnstrate he culd feed a family with his design. "I think we've prved that it's actually mre prductive than even I imagined," he says. "We've harvested 35 kils f ptates frm a square meter."
He hpes the example will ffer a blueprint t future hmes and an alternative t current fd system, which is t blame fr ver a third f the wrld's greenhuse gas emissins. Creating a circular system culd als greatly reduce fd waste.
"We're the nly species that generates waste. In nature, there is n waste; everything becmes a fd surce fr smething else," says Bakker. "If we transfrm t a circular system, we have s much ptential t stp the destructin f wilderness and frest."
1. What is the main idea f the 3rd paragraph?
A. The functin f the greenhuse building.
B. The way the greenhuse building wrks.
C. The advantages f the greenhuse building.
D. The reasn fr designing the greenhuse building.
2. What d we learn abut the greenhuse hme?
A. It can prvide a gd supply f prduce.
B. Water is recycled fr use in the huse.
C. It is pssessed by the designer Bakker.
D. Plant grwing is free f sil in the huse.
3. Why are the chefs mentined in the 4th paragraph?
A. T intrduce the tpic. B. T infrm peple f the latest restaurant.
C. T demnstrate the future mdern hme. D. T illustrate the advantage f the huse.
4. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Peple have t explre nature mre.
B. Human relies heavily n the envirnment.
C. The greenhuse is a way t reduce waste.
D. The greenhuse helps reduce reliance n nature.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.根据第二段中的"Inside is the bdy"可知, 脊髓携带着大脑和下肢之间的重要信息, 即它充当着信息载体。故选A。
2.根据第二段中的"When the their legs"可知, 一旦脊髓受损, 传输信息的通道会被损坏, 病人就无法移动双腿; 根据第三段中的"The researchers leg muscles"可知, 移植的电极会帮助连接控制腿部肌肉的神经, 据此可以推断, 植入的设备应该能够连接受伤的神经。故选D。
3.根据第四段中的"the tablet chsen way"可知, 本段主要讲了植入物如何在病人身上起作用, 帮助病人重新行走。故选B。
4.本文介绍了一项医学进步, 根据本文中心句即第一段中的"scientists have implanted device"和文章大意可知, 本文主要介绍了科学家通过植入物帮助瘫痪病人重新行走。故选C。
2.答案：1-4 CDCC
解析：1.根据第一段第二句"Only ne bee and windy days"可知, 该项研究的内容是在不同的风扇转速下, 模拟无风和有风的天气, 且研究人员对蜜蜂造访人造花的过程进行录像和计时。故选C。
2.根据第六段中的"ne pssible t take ff"可知, 风导致蜜蜂犹豫不决的一个可能原因是, 风速的升高降低了蜜蜂的体温, 因此它们需要更长的时间来热身起飞。据此可以推知, 体温的降低导致蜜蜂犹豫是否要起飞。故选D。
.根据尾段尾句"Cping with be the final straw"可知, 应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草。故选C。
4.通读全文可知, 本文尾句"Cping with final straw"是全文的主旨句, 又结合文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了气候变暖引起的日益多风的天气对蜜蜂采蜜的影响,及对蜜蜂的数量的影响。故选C。
3.答案：1-4 DABC
解析：1.根据第二段中的"When cmbing n hard and fast rules"可知, 关于"100位改变世界的人"虽然有一些标准, 但没有硬性规定, 故可推知它是随历史不断变化的。故选D。
2.根据第三段中的"Others were were gne"可知, 有些人的贡献可能会在很久以后才得到承认。故选A。
3.根据第四段中的"But what the news business"可知, Mark Zuckerberg使数十亿人聚集在一起成为可能, 但这个社交网站也使社会分裂变得更容易, 扰乱了新闻行业。由此可推知, Mark Zuckerberg的影响既有积极的, 又有消极的, 故其影响是混合的。故选B。
4.分析全文内容可知, 文章主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的, 时间会告诉我们一切, 历史会不可避免地向前发展。所以纵观全文来看, 文章的目的就是告知读者一种历史现象。故选C。
4.答案：1-4 DACD
解析：1.根据第二段中的"He stated healing the bad"可知, Seligman指出, 心理学应该像关注治愈生活中的坏事物一样关注培育生活中的美好事物, 故Seligman认为积极心理学应该重点培养美好的事物。故选D。
2.根据第三段中的"Seligman made media utlets"可知, Seligman把积极心理学作为他担任APA主席期间的主题, 并利用自己的职务来普及这个词, 从此积极心理学受到了主流媒体的极大关注。由此可推断, Seligman在传播积极心理学方面所做的努力使得积极心理学颇受欢迎。故选A。
3.根据最后一段的内容可知, Christpher Petersn指出, 积极心理学是心理学领域的一个扩展, 关注精神疾病和人类的弱点。积极心理学家不想更换或放弃人类问题的研究, 他们只是想把对生活中美好事物的研究添加到这个领域。由此可推断, Christpher Petersn客观地评价了积极心理学, 所以他对积极心理学的态度是客观的。故选C。
4.根据第一段中的"While psychlgists Psychlgical Assciatin(APA)"可知, 虽然心理学家研究幸福、乐观和其他人类优势等主题已有几十年, 但积极心理学直到1998年才被正式认定为心理学的一个分支, 当时Martin Seligman当选美国心理学会主席。再结合全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍心理学的新分支—积极心理学, 并介绍了积极心理学的发展以及心理学家对积极心理学的态度等。故D项"积极心理学: 心理学的一个新分支"为最佳标题。故选D。
5.答案：1-4 CDCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句"In fact, it seems just a 10-minute sessin will nt nly make us feel better, but culd actually imprve brain health, t."可知,事实上,仅仅10分钟的锻炼时间似乎不仅能让我们感觉更好,而且居然能改善大脑健康。由此可推知,新的研究发现,短时间的跑步可能是有益的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Researchers frm University f Tsukuba in Japan asked participants t run n a treadmill(跑步机) fr just 10 minutes."以及第三段第二句中的"Researchers then cmpared these results t a similar study n cycling"可知,日本筑波大学的研究人员做了一项实验,要求参与者们在跑步机上跑步10分钟,并与相同条件下的骑自行车(的参与者们)的结果进行比较,即研究者们通过做实验和比较得出了研究结果。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句"Results shwed there was a highest pint in self-reprted pleasure and an increase in degree f activity f the brain."和第三段第一句"In ther wrds, runners were fund t have an increase in bld flw in the part f the brain that's assciated with dealing with functins and cntrlling md(情绪)."可知,实验结果表明自我报告的快乐程度达到了最高点,大脑的活跃程度也有所增加。换句话说,跑步者大脑中的与执行功能和控制情绪相关的部分的血流量增加了。由此可推知,血流量与人们的快乐相关。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一项研究,研究表明跑步对人们的身心健康有好处。B项符合文章主旨。故选B。
6.答案：1-4 DABA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Decades f research has shwn that the ability t frgive is a life skill that helps the yung build resilience(恢复力). A sense f purpse helps them realize schlwrk is mre meaningful and mre pwerful. Being thankful changes the very nature f their lives, enabling them t gather their mtivatin t learn and find lifelng success. Humble(谦卑的) kids lve learning. Learning requires curisity, and curisity requires them t explre what they dn't knw."可知,宽容、有目标、感恩和谦虚都有助于孩子学习,学习需要有好奇心,好奇心让孩子们探索他们不知道的东西。即这四种品质可以让孩子们获取他们不知道的内容。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的"that influenced yung peple's ability fr great lve and sympathy was nt mral instructin r a religius educatin, but expsure t different experiences and knwledge"可知,影响年轻人有博爱和同情的能力的关键因素不是道德教学或宗教教育,而是接触到的不同的经历和知识。由此可推知,画线短语the bttm line应意为"关键因素",与A项意思相符。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"S, it's easy t see parents supprting their child's characters and learning as ne and the same."可知,我们很容易看到父母把支持他们孩子的性格和支持孩子的学习看得同样重要。由此可知,父母的支持对孩子来说很重要。故选B。
4.标题概括题。根据第一段内容和第二段第一句"All f this research suggests hw character can ften be a pwerful catalyst(催化剂) fr learning."可知,所有这些研究结果都表明,对学习来说,性格往往是强大的催化剂,即文章介绍了四种性格对于儿童成长,尤其是在学习方面的好处。A项适合做本文的标题。故选A。
7.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句"The Internatinal Space Statin hsted a party fr astrnauts n Friday as they celebrated the harvest f the first Chili(辣椒) grwn in space."可知,国际空间站于星期五为宇航员们举行了派对,因为他们要庆祝第一批在空间站种植的辣椒的收获。由此可推知,画线词所在句表示,于7月份开始在空间站进行植物实验后,空间站的工作人员终于有机会品尝到辣椒了。因此,画线词应意为"开始从事,发起",与A项意思相近。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Plant Habitat-04 is ne f the mst cmplex plant experiments n the rbiting labratry t date because peppers take much lnger t grw than the previus experiment plants."可知,在轨道实验室中,Plant Habitat-04是最为复杂的植物实验之一,因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过实验的植物长。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句"A side effect f life in zer gravity is that astrnauts ften lse sme f their taste and smell, s spicy r well-seasned fds area favrite. Adding fresh greens r peppers t the menu allws astrnauts t liven up their regular meals."可知,零重力环境的副作用是宇航员们经常失去一些味觉和嗅觉,因此刺激性或调料丰富的食物是宇航员们的最爱。将新鲜的绿色蔬菜或椒类添加到菜单中会丰富他们日常的菜肴。由此可推知,把辣椒添加到宇航员的菜单中可以让他们恢复食欲。故选B。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次种植辣椒的实验的相关情况。C项符合文章主旨,适合做本文的标题。故选C。
8.答案：1-4 BADC
解析：1. 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要介绍了温室的各个部分是如何运作、变"废"为"能"的，即温室的运作方式。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"The huse is designed, says Bakker, with the rf as the fundatin, laded with 35 tns f sil, which prvides fertile(肥沃的) grund fr prduce—mre than 200 plant species grw n the rf, as well as insects, snails, fish and chickens."可知，房子的设计以屋顶作为基础，装载35吨土壤，土壤提供了用于生产的肥沃土地，有200多种植物在屋顶上生长，也有昆虫、蜗牛、鱼和鸡。由此可知，温室可以提供良好的农产品供应。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"The site is mre than just a mdel hme; it's been a real ne fr J Barrett and Matt Stne, wh were chefs at the small in-huse restaurant."和第五段第一句"Thrugh the prject, Bakker wanted t demnstrate he culd feed a family with his design."可知，这个房子不只是一个模型，对于J Barrett和Matt Stne来说，它是一个真正的家；而通过这个项目，Barrett想要证明他的设计能够养活一个家庭。由此可推知，第四段提到J Barrett和Matt Stne两名厨师是为了表明这个房子的优点。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句"If we transfrm t a circular system, we have s much ptential t stp the destructin f wilderness and frest."可知，如果我们(的居住环境)转化为可循环系统，我们就很有可能停止破坏生态环境和森林。由此可推知，最后一段表明温室是一种减少浪费的方式。故选C。