2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（C卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点17 说明文（C卷），共13页。

Just 4% f Egypt's land is suitable fr agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly due t the urban and suburban develpment and the ppulatin grwth. "It's nt an exaggeratin (夸张) t say that this is a crisis," said Nasem Badreldin, an expert at the University f Manitba. "Satellite data shws that Egypt is lsing abut 2% f its farmland per decade due t urbanizatin, and the prcess is speeding. If this cntinues, Egypt will face serius fd security prblems."
Satellite dataals shws hw much farmland has been lst t develpment arund the city f Alexandria between the 1980s and 2021. Farmland areas appear green; twns and cities are gray. Accrding t ne analysis, the amunt f farmland near Alexandria drpped by 11% between 1987 and 2019, while urban areas increased by 11%. In recent years, Egyptian gvernment has prmised t end unlicensed building n farmland, which remains a difficult task t fulfill.
Urbanizatin isn't the nly factr t reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise f 1.6 millimeters per year has cntributed t the salinizatin (盐碱化) f farmland in Egypt. Abut 15% f Egypt's richest farmland has already been damaged by sea level rise and saltwater intrusin(侵入). One respnse t the lss f farmland has included effrts t green parts f the desert. Fr instance, Faruk El-Baz, Bstn University scientist, has planned t build highways, railways, water pipelines, and pwer lines t prmte the establishment f new farmland in deserts west f the delta.
While that prject hasn't been finished, much f desert has turned int farmland in recent decades. The satellite phts shw new farmland alng the Cair Highway. A mixture f center-pivt irrigatin(灌溉) and drip irrigatin makes farming in this area pssible. "It is certainly pssible t establish new farmland frm the desert by tapping grundwater resurces, thugh it's a little expensive prcess," said Badreldin.
1. What des the underlined "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The urban expansin. B. The reductin f farmland.
C. The suburban develpment. D. The grwth f ppulatin.
2. Hw many factrs are mentined that have caused the lss f farmland?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur. D. Five.
3. What is Badreldin's attitude t the establishment f new farmland?
A. Uncertain. B. Optimistic. C. Disapprving. D. Dubtful.
4. What is the best title f the passage?
A. The Fd Security Prblems in Egypt
B. The Urbanizatin Alng Nile River
C. Agricultural Develpment Alng Nile River
D. Egypt's Disappearing Farmland
2. Despite being there fr yur safety, many peple still ignre the red man at traffic lights and crss early, running the risk f a deadly accident. Nw Smart, a car maker, has cme up with a smart idea fr an experiment t see if safety culd be imprved at traffic lights by encuraging pedestrians t wait fr the green man with a "Dancing Traffic Light".
The Dancing Traffic Light was designed t draw the attentin f peple wh were standing waiting t crss the rad in Prtugal. It shws a dancing red figure, as ppsed t the static (静态的) figure that is nrmally shwn. The figure is a lw-reslutin (低分辨率的) representatin f smene wh is in a rm nearby, dancing.
Thse wh want t dance can g int the rm and then select music f their chice. When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start t dance. A vide is fed f the persn dancing in real lime t the traffic light and the dancing red figure can keep pedestrians amused while they wait.
Apart frm prviding entertainment fr pedestrians as they wait t crss the rad, there is als the "gaming" side t the Dancing Traffic Light as anyne can be the dancing figure and s he r she can cntribute t the prject.
This isn't the first time that entertainment has been used fr psitive scial utcmes. The Vlkswagen Fun Thery campaign invlved a Pian Staircase which encuraged peple t walk up the stairs instead f using an elevatr and the Bttle Bank Arcade that was made t encurage peple t recycle.
Smart said that 81 % mre peple stpped at die red light t watch it dance while they waited fr the green light t appear.
1. Why did Smart design the Dancing Traffic Light?
A. T help reduce traffic accidents.
B. T make traffic lights mre interesting.
C. T prvide entertainment fr pedestrians.
D. T draw the attentin f pedestrians.
2. What is the idea behind the Dancing Traffic Light?
A. A real persn dances beside the traffic light.
B. A pedestrian perfrms a dance while waiting.
C. An individual dances t varius music in a rm.
D. A figure dances in real time t red traffic lights.
3. What des the authr want t stress in Paragraph 5?
A. The needs fr mre such campaigns.
B. The use f entertainment in sme scial activities.
C. The influence f the Dancing Traffic Light.
D. The gd results f safety prducts.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Rad Safety—An Essential Task
B. A Campaign—A Slutin frm the Air
C. A Dancing Traffic Light—A Guardian f Life
D. Smart—A Pineer in Traffic Light Research
3. The wrld prduces arund 359 millin tns f plastics each year. Plastics are certainly a big prblem, but they dn't necessarily have t be. There are many ways we culd set plastics n a different lifecycle. One that I have been wrking n is turning plastics int a hardy, reliable and sustainable building material.
Mst peple believe that plastics recycling is severely limited: nly a few types can be recycled. This is unsurprising. The prprtin f plastics that are recycled is minimal (最低限度的). But all plymers (聚合物) are, technlgically, recyclable. Sme f them can be used again and again t prduce the same gds. Sme can technically be reprcessed int new materials fr different applicatins.
The prblem is that recycling much f this plastic waste is currently unprfitable. But the amunt f these materials all ver the wrld is large and keeps n grwing. What if this plastic waste culd be used t prduce smething useful t the sciety? Many universities and businessmen are attempting t d this. Mst slutins target mixed plastics waste and suggest applicatins different frm the riginal nes. Fr example, several grups have develped building materials made f plastic waste.
Plastics are strng, durable, waterprf, lightweight and recyclable—all key prperties fr cnstructin materials. S, what if all f this plastic waste culd be turned int building materials fr lw-incme ppulatins? Existing actins are prmising, but nt yet reprducible n an industrial scale.
I study plastic waste with the aim f finding interesting ways t remve it frm the envirnment. Frm agricultural waste t cncrete waste, there are many ways t btain materials t prduce bricks and ther useful elements fr buildings.
S perhaps plastics are nt necessarily the prblem. They can be part f a pathway twards a mre sustainable way f living.
1. What can we cnclude frm Paragraph 1?
A. Man has fund a way t reuse plastics.
B. The prblem with plastics is quite serius.
C. The authr feels ptimistic abut plastics.
D. Plastics are cnsidered reliable daily prducts.
2. What des the underlined wrd "them" refer t in Paragraph 2?
A. Plastics. B. Plymers. C. Gds. D. Materials.
3. What d we knw abut plastic recycling?
A. It draws public attentin t plastic waste.
B. It has benefited cnstructin industry.
C. It brings abut n prfits at present.
D. It can be dne n a large scale.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Plastics—a Ptential Building MaterialB. The Threat f Plastics
C. Plastics—a Glbal PrblemD. The Effects f Plastics
4. Accrding t a new study, palm il (棕榈油) culd d mre harm than we realized, ptentially playing a rle in encuraging cancer t spread thrughut the bdy. In a study cnducted n mice, the researchers discvered that a fatty acid within palm il culd prmte the metastasis (转移) f skin and muth cancer cells. The effect lasted even when the tumr (肿瘤) ceils were expsed t palm il fr a shrt time befre being remved.
"In this study, we detail the prcess and shw the invlvement f a metastasis 'memry' ability and we pint t a curing apprach t reverse it. This is prmising," says Dr. Aznar-Benitah, wh was invlved in the study.
Previus studies nly had shwn palm il culd prmte metastasis in cancer. T discver exactly hw, the researchers tk samples f ral tumr cells and skin cancer and expsed them t a diet rich in palm il. These cells were then transplanted int mice t see whether the diet wuld change their behavir and encurage them t spread mre readily. They fund that the diet made them mre aggressive, increasing their ptential l spread in the mice. Alarmingly, even cells expsed t the diet fr just a shrt time shwed that same aggressin, suggesting the cells develped a "memry" impressin as a result f the palm il.
The tumr cells experienced special changes that stimulated Shwann cells (the cells wrapping arund neurns, like the plastic arund electrical wires). This generated a neural netwrk arund the tumr cells that allwed it t grw and spread. With 90 percent f cancer deaths frm the cancer spreading thrughut the bdy, cntaining metastasis culd he a game-changer in cancer treatment. In the study, the researchers suggest fighting palm-il-prmted metastasis by blcking the actin f Schwann cells, hut this will need further testing t verify.
"There is smething very special abut the palmitic acid within palm il that makes it an extremely strng prmter f metastasis," said Dr. Aznar-Benitah. "I think it is t early t determine which type f diet culd be cnsumed by cancer patients that wuld slw dwn the metastasis prcess."
1. What will happen t tumr cells when they cntact palm il temprarily?
A. They will prduce a matter f fatty acid.
B. They will be prmted t spread in the bdy.
C. They will remain as inactive as befre.
D. They will multiply at a very slw speed.
2. Which f the fllwing can best explain the meaning f the underlined wrd "reverse" in Paragraph 2?
A. Occupy. B. Accelerate. C. Transfrm. D. Wrsen.
3. What is the mst pssible shrtage f the previus studies?
A. They perfrmed experiments n newly-brn mice.
B. They tk sme samples f skin cancer cells nly.
C. They never tld hw cancer cells were put int mice.
D. They didn't explre hw palm il prmted cancer shifting.
4. What d we knw abut Shwann cells?
A. They are the prducts f cancer shifting.
B. They advance the spread f tumr cells.
C. They are t aggressive t be cntained.
D. They lie in skin and muth cancer cells.
5.A new study, published in The Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, fund that cmmunicatin interactins that included vice, like a phne call r vide chat, created strnger scial bnds than cmmunicatin thrugh typing, like text messaging r email.
In the study, researchers used varius experiments t gauge (测量) cnnectedness. In ne, they asked 200 peple t make predictins abut what it wuld be like t recnnect with an ld friend by email r by phne and then assigned peple at randm t d ne r the ther. Althugh peple anticipated (预料) that a phne call wuld be mre awkward, hearing smene's vice actually made the experience better. Hwever, peple wh participated in the experiment reprted that they did frm a significantly strnger bnd with their ld friend n the phne versus email, and they did nt feel mre awkward.
In anther experiment, the researchers had strangers cnnected by either texting, talking ver vide chat, r talking using nly audi. They fund that bth frms f vice cmmunicatin — whether vide r audi nly — made the strangers feel significantly mre cnnected than when they cmmunicated via text.
Sabrina Rmanff, a Harvard trained clinical psychlgist based in New Yrk City, says peple tend t text r email instead f calling because f cnvenience, as they see it as a cntrlled frm f cmmunicatin where they can "crrespnd infrmatin exactly in the way they intend withut unexpected additins by the ther persn."
Rmanff says that in reality, texting can make it hard t determine the true meaning behind a cnversatin. A phne call is actually mre cnvenient when cnsidering the net effects f the message. Each party is mre present, and therefre, able t gauge the meaning behind the cntent withut ruminating (认真思考) n the endless pssible meanings behind wrds and punctuatin.
1. What is the purpse f the study?
A. T encurage peple t let their fingers d the talking.
B. T intrduce the effects f verbal and nn-verbal cmmunicatins.
C. T demnstrate the strengths and weaknesses f making phne calls.
D. T cmpare cnnectedness f cmmunicatin thrugh vice and typing.
2. Which way will make yu feel mre cnnected if yu miss a friend far away?
A. Typing a letter.B. Sending an email.
C. Having a vide chat.D. Texting a message.
3. What des "a cntrlled frm f cmmunicatin" refer t in Paragraph 4?
A. A way t talk abut cntrlled tpics.
B. A way t cmmunicate withut time limit.
C. A way t explain smething withut delay.
D. A way t express thughts withut being disturbed.
4. What advantage des making phne calls ver texting?
A. Being mre frmal.B. Being less awkward.
C. Being mre straightfrward.D. Being less expensive.
6.D yu enjy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in sme f the best parts f Wiscnsin? D yu like being arund peple wh share the same respect and lve fr natural resurces? If yu say "yes", then a fisheries bilgist is a great career chice fr yu.
As yu can prbably guess, educatin is very imprtant. A Bachelr f Science degree in fisheries r bilgy is strngly recmmended. Many bilgists have a Master's degree. But it's nt nly gd educatin that prepares yu fr a career as a fisheries bilgist—field experience is als imprtant. Vlunteer wrk, internships and shrt-term fish technician psitins are gd ways t gain valuable training that can give yu an edge in the cmpetitive jb market.
In additin t gd educatin and field experience, a fisheries bilgist needs ther skills. Yu'll spend a lt f time wrking with the public, s it's imprtant t feel cmfrtable talking t a variety f peple. Gd cmmunicatin, listening, and presentatin skills are a must.
A cmmn miscnceptin amng many peple is that fisheries bilgists get t fish all the time. Mst bilgists wish that were true. But as a fisheries bilgist, yu are especially busy during the fishing seasn, which leaves little time fr yu t actually g fishing. It's sad, but true.
Each day brings smething different in the life f a fisheries bilgist. In the spring and fall, yu spend a lt f time n the water shcking fish in rder t sample the ppulatin, studying fish, and talking with peple. The winter is spent analyzing fish data and cmmunicating with the public.
S if yu find fish interesting and fun t learn abut, and like wrking bth utside and inside, cnsider a career as a fisheries bilgist. Yu'll never be bred!
1. We can infer this passage is written t _____.
A. advise us t respect and prtect wildlife
B. encurage us t spend mre time wrking utside
C. explain why educatin is imprtant fr ur career
D. intrduce a gd career t thse wh are interested in wildlife
2.What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly abut?
A. Educatin needed t find a gd jb.
B. Requirements fr becming a fisheries bilgist.
C. The benefits f being a fisheries bilgist.
D. Sme gd ways t gain valuable training.
3. The underlined wrd "miscnceptin" in Paragraph 4 prbably means "_____".
A. questin
B. misunderstanding
C. dream
D. explanatin
4. It can be inferred frm the passage that _____.
A. fisheries bilgists like wrking in winter mst
B. fisheries bilgists can easily get bred with their wrk
C. fisheries bilgists get t fish all the time all year rund
D. fisheries bilgists spend a lt f time wrking utside in the spring and fall
7.Fr many years, students had imprved by answering questins and ding best n the exam. But in the late 2010s, many students were ding mre prly n the exam than n the hmewrk leading up t it. They wuld even ace the very first hmewrk assignment, the ne that quizzed them n material they had nt learned yet. In 2008, nly arund 3 ut f 20 students perfrmed better n their hmewrk than n the exam. But that share grew ver time. By 2019, mre than half f the students had perfrmed this way.
What had changed ver thse years? One big thing was the rise f smartphnes. They existed in 2008, but were nt cmmn. Nw almst everyne carries ne. S it wuld be easier tday t quickly g nline and find the answer t just abut any hmewrk questin. But students can't use phnes during an exam. And that might explain why they aren't ding well n the tests.
The students wh did better n their exams didn't always reprt that they had cme up with their wn hmewrk answers. And thse wh did better n their hmewrk didn't always say that they had cpied. Cming up with answers n yur wn shuld lead t better learning fr students at any age. If yu find and then cpy the right answer, yu're taking the easy way ut. But that is wasting a valuable practice pprtunity. It may take a few mre minutes t think f an answer n yur wn, and then check t see if it's right. But that's the way yu'll learn mre.
Nw that infrmatin is easily available t everyne all the time, it prbably desn't make sense fr teachers t expect students t take quizzes and exams withut it. Frm nw n, we shuldn't ever give a clsed-bk exam. Instead, teachers shuld cme up with hmewrk and exam questins that Ggle can't easily answer. These might be questins that ask yu t explain a passage yu just read in yur wn wrds. Writing assignments and class prjects are ther great ways t encurage students t remember and apply their knwledge.
1. What des the underlined wrd "ace" in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. D well in.
B. Put effrt int.
C. Pay attentin t.
D. Get invlved in.
2. Frm Paragraph 3, we can knw that ______.
A. addictin t mbile games decreases students' study grades
B. nline tutring influences the regular classrm learning
C. the mdern technlgy reduces students' mtivatin fr learning
D. searching nline fr answers stps students' independent thinking
3. What des the authr suggest t teachers in the last paragraph?
A. Blcking students' access t infrmatin.
B. Giving students mre quizzes and exams.
C. Creating riginal questins fr students.
D. Minimizing the class teaching and activities.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Creative examinatins are necessary.
B.T he ways students d their hmewrk.
C. The applicatin f the Internet in teaching.
D. Students d better n hmewrk than n exams.
8. Discveries at the famus Sanxingdui ruins in Suthwest China shw that the regin's ancient Shu Kingdm civilizatin shared similarities with the Mayan civilizatin.
The Sanxingdui ruins belnged t the Shu Kingdm that existed at least 4,800 years ag and lasted mre than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilizatin built its city-states arund 200 AD.
The brnze-made remains f trees unearthed at the ruins f the Shu Kingdm resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symblized the unin f the wrld in the Mayan civilizatin. "It is a very imprtant similarity, says Sants, a Mexican archaelgist(考古学家), stressing that "The representatins f trees in bth cultures prvide a symblic significance that is very similar".
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, cnsidered ne f the greatest archaelgical discveries f the 20th century, als shw a new aspect f Brnze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilizatin already had technlgies that were thught t have been develped much later.
While the time span between the Shu Kingdm and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the clseness between the tw civilizatins. They develped in areas with cmparable climates and reflected their wrldview thrugh related symbls. "In the end, man is still man, independent f time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude(纬度), bth the Shu peple and the Mayans lked at the same sky and had the same stars n the hrizn," the expert says.
One ntable feature f the recent discveries at Sanxingdui was the crss-subject wrk and technlgy applied by teams f Chinese archaelgists, which allwed the unearthing f artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which ther types f less careful digging methds wuld nt have been able t register.
Cperatin between Chinese and Mexican archaelgists culd benefit prjects in the Mayan wrld, where the rainy climate and humidity are prblematic fr the cnservatin f ruins.
"Every time ur cultural knwledge increases, regardless f whether we speak ne language r anther, what it shws us is that we cntinue t be sister cultures and, therefre, the exchange f such knwledge is fundamental," says Sants.
1.What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdm and the Mayan civilizatin?
A.Their starting time.B.Their histrical rigins.
C.Their cultural symbls.D.Their ceremny traditins.
2.The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins have prved that ______.
A.silk was a cmmn clthing material then
B.sme technlgies were develped much earlier
C.the Brnze Age started earlier than previusly assumed
D.the Shu Kingdm and the Mayan wrld had clse cntact
3.What is a cmmn challenge fr the cnservatin f?
A.Damp weather.B.Psitining f ruins.
C.High latitude.D.Language barriers.
4.What is the fcus f Sants' qute in the last paragraph?
A.The future f the China-Mexic cperatin.
B.The benefits f speaking a different language.
C.The imprtance f the exchange f cultural knwledge.
D.The increasing sisterhd in culture between China and Mexic.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 BABD
解析：1.指代判断题。根据第二段第一句中的"Just 4% f Egypt's land is suitable fr agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly"和倒数第二句"Satellite data shws that Egypt is lsing abut 2% f its farmland per decade due t urbanizatin, and the prcess is speeding."可知,埃及仅有4%的土地适合耕种,而且这一数字正在迅速减少。卫星数据显示,由于城市化,埃及每十年就会失去大约2%的耕地,并且这个过程正在加快。结合画线词所在句可知,毫不夸张地说,这是一个危机。由此可推知,"this"指的是耕地的减少。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一、二句"Urbanizatin isn't the nly factr t reduce Egypt's farmland. Sea level rise f 1.6 millimeters per year has cntributed t the salinizatin(盐碱化) f farmland in Egypt."可知,城市化并不是埃及耕地减少的唯一因素。每年海平面上升1.6毫米导致埃及土地盐碱化。由此可知,导致耕地减少的主要因素有两个:城市化和海平面上升。故选A。
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句中的"It is certainly pssible t establish new farmland frm the desert by tapping grundwater resurces, thugh it's a little expensive prcess"可知,通过利用地下水资源在沙漠中建立新的耕地是完全有可能的,虽然这是一个(成本)有点昂贵的过程。由此可推知,Badreldin对于建立新的耕地持乐观的态度。故选B。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了随着埃及城市化以及海平面的上升,埃及正面临着耕地减少的危机。D项准确概括文章内容,是本文的最佳标题。故选D。
2.答案：1-4 ADBC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句"Nw Smart, a carmaker, has cme up with a smart idea fr an experiment t see if safety culd be imprved at traffic lights by encuraging pedestrians t wait fr the green man with a 'Dancing Traffic Light'."可知,这家名为Smart的汽车制造商设计出跳舞的交通信号灯是为了减少交通事故的发生。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段第二、三句"When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start t dance. A vide is fed f the persn dancing in real time t the traffic light…"可知,当交通信号灯变成红色时,(那个房间里)会有音乐响起,而那个人会开始实时跳舞。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容可知,本段首句衔接上文,指出了跳舞的交通信号灯这个项目以娱乐形式取得了积极的社会成效。紧接着下文提到其他类似的应用了娱乐形式的活动。由此可推断,作者在第五段是想强调在一些社会活动中娱乐形式的使用。故选B。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了汽车制造商Smart设计出的一款跳舞的交通信号灯,该设计旨在鼓励行人遵守交通规则,以减少交通事故的发生。由此可知,C项"跳舞的交通信号灯——生命的守护者"为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
3.答案：1-4 CBCA
解析：1.考查推理判断。由第一段中的"Plastics are certainly a big prblem, but they dn't necessarily have t be. There are many ways we culd set plastics n a different lifecycle."可知,虽然塑料是个大问题,但是作者认为有很多能让塑料被我们循环利用的方法。由此可知,作者对塑料持有一种乐观的态度。故选C。
2.考查代词指代。画线词所在句承接上一句"But all plymers(聚合物) are, technlgically, recyclable.",这一句的意思是"但是从技术上来说,所有的聚合物都是可以被循环利用的",画线词所在句(它们中的一些可以一次又一次地被用来生产同样的商品)承接上文的意思,故them指代的是plymers。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段中的第一句"The prblem is that recycling much f this plastic waste is currently unprfitable."可知,目前对塑料的回收利用不能带来利润。故选C。
4.考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了塑料的回收利用问题。文章的第一段最后一句提到,作者一直致力于把塑料变成一种适应力强、耐用和可靠的可持续性建筑材料。第二段的最后一句也提到,从技术上看,聚合物可以被加工成不同用途的材料。其他段落也主要介绍了塑料的这个用途,特别是倒数第三段明确提出了将塑料制成建筑材料的可行性。故选A。
4.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第一段中的"…ptentially playing a rle in encuraging cancer t spread thrughut the bdy."和"The effect lasted even when the tumr(肿瘤) cells were expsed t palm il fr a shrt time befre being remved.",以及第三段中的"Alarmingly, even cells expsed t the diet fr just a shrt time shwed that same aggressin…"可知,即使肿瘤细胞短暂接触棕榈油,也能导致其快速扩散。故选B。
2.考查词义猜测。由第一段第二句的"…the researchers discvered that a fatty acid within palm il culd prmte the metastasis(转移) f skin and muth cancer cells."和画线单词前的a curing apprach t可知,reverse是"转变;使反转"的意思。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。由第三段第一句和第二句可知,以前的研究仅仅表明棕榈油会促使癌症转移,但是没有探究棕榈油具体是怎样导致癌症转移的。故选D。
4.考查细节理解。由第四段第一句和第二句可知,肿瘤细胞的特殊变化刺激了施万细胞,从而在肿瘤细胞周围产生了一个神经网络,使得肿瘤细胞生长和扩散。故选B。
5.答案：1-4DCDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段可知,发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现,包括语音在内的交流互动,如电话或视频聊天,比打字,如短信或电子邮件,能产生更强的社会联系;结合第二段第一句 In the study, researchers used varius experiments t gauge the bnd.可知,在这项研究中,研究人员使用了各种实验来衡量纽带关系。所以可知,这项研究的目的是比较语音和打字沟通的纽带关系。A项"鼓励人们用手指说话"、B项"介绍语言和非语言交流的影响"和 C项"展示打电话的优点和缺点"都不是文中提及的研究的目的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Hwever, peple... reprted that they did frm a significantly strnger bnd with their ld friend n the phne versus email...可知,通过电话和老朋友联系会建立一种更强烈的联系。由此可知,如果你想念远方的朋友,视频聊天这种方式会让你们感觉更亲近。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文cmmunicate infrmatin exactly in the way they intend withut unexpected additins by the ther persn可知,完全按照自己的意图传递信息,而不会被对方意外补充。所以推断画线部分指的是一种不受干扰的表达思想的方式。A项"谈论可控话题的一种方式";B项"一种没有时间限制的交流方式"C项"一种没有延迟的解释某事的方式"。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Rmanff说在现实生活中,发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思。考虑到信息的净效应,打电话实际上更方便。每一方都在场,因此, 能够判断内容背后的意义,而不必推敲词和标点背后无尽可能的含义。所以可推断出,相比发短信,打电话的优势在于更直截了当。根据第二段中的Althugh peple anticipated that a phne call wuld be mre awkward 可知,人们都觉得打电话会更尴尬,所以B项"不怎么尴尬"错误;A 项"更正式"和D项"不太贵"不是原文的信息。故选C。
6.答案：1-4DBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。第一段由"D yu enjy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in sme f the best parts f Wiscnsin? D yu like being arund peple wh share the same respect and lve fr natural resurces?"两个问题引出渔业生物学家这一职业,下文详细介绍了该职业的要求和工作内容。由此推知,文章的写作目的是向那些对野生动物感兴趣的人介绍一个好的职业。其他三项不是本文的写作目的。 故选D。
2.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的"As yu can prbably guess, educatin is very imprtant."和第三段的"In additin t gd educatin and field experience, a fisheries bilgist needs ther skills."可知,二、三两段主要讲的是成为一名渔业生物学家的要求,不仅需要好的教育、实地经验,还需要沟通能力等技能。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据下文"But as a fisheries bilgist, yu are especially busy during the fishing seasn, which leaves little time fr yu t actually g fishing. It's sad, but true."可知,许多人误认为渔业生物学家的工作就是一直在捕鱼。由此推知,画线词miscnceptin的意思是"误解"。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"In the spring and fall, yu spend a lt f time n the water shcking fish in rder t sample the ppulatin, studying fish, and talking with peple." 可推知,渔业生物学家在春天和秋天花很多时间在外面工作。文中并未表明他们最喜欢在冬天工作,故A项不正确;由最后一段最后一句"Yu'll never be bred!"可知B项错误;由第四段中的"which leaves little time fr yu t actually g fishing"可知C项错误。故选D。
7.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句But in the late 2010s, many students were ding mre prly n the exam than n the hmewrk leading up t it.可知,在21世纪10年代末,许多学生在考试前的家庭作业中的表现比在考试中的表现好。再由第三句中的even可知,后文表示递进。由此可推断,ace意为 "在……方面做得好"。B项(对……付出努力)、C项(注意)和D项(卷入)都不正确。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段可知,上网搜答案然后抄在作业上虽然快捷方便,但这是浪费珍贵的实践机会。自己想出答案虽然花费时间长,但这样才能学到更多东西。由此可知, 上网搜答案会阻止学生独立思考。A项(沉迷于手机游戏会降低学生的学习成绩)、B项(在线辅导影响了正常的课堂学习)和C项(现代科技降低了学生的学习动机)不符合第三段的表述,所以都不正确。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知,老师应该想出谷歌不容易回答的家庭作业和考试问题。由此可推断,作者建议教师给学生布置网上搜不到答案的家庭作业和考试问题,让学生用自己的话回答,说明作者建议老师为学生提出原创的问题。A项(阻止学生获取信息)、B 项(给学生更多的测验和考试)以及D项(最大限度地减少课堂教学和活动)在最后一段没有被提及,所以都不正确。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。第一段介绍现在的学生在作业上的表现比在考试中的表现好这个现象;第二段介绍此现象出现的原因,第三段介绍自己想答案的好处,网上抄答案的坏处;最后一段介绍作者建议老师为学生提出原创的问题,来杜绝这种现象。因此,D项"比起考试,学生在作业方面做得更好"符合文章主旨。A项(创造性的考试是必要的)、B 项(学生做作业的方式)以及C项(网络在教学中的应用)只是文章中出现的细节内容,并不能概括文章主旨,所以都不正确。故选D。
8.答案：1-4 CBAC
解析：1.根据第三段中的"The representatins f trees in bth cultures prvide a symblic significance that is very similar"可知, 古蜀国文明和玛雅文明中的树木的表现形式有着非常相似的象征意义, 即它们的相似性是考古中发现的树木的表现形式所代表的文化符号。故选C。
2.根据第四段内容可知, 三星堆遗址显示了青铜时代已经有了被认为是很久以后才发展起来的技术, 即一些技术其实在很早前就发展起来了。故选B。
3.根据第五段中的"They develped in areas with cmparable climates"和第七段内容可知, 两处遗址是在气候相似的地区发展起来的, 玛雅的气候是多雨的和潮湿的, 由此可推知, 它们面临的共同挑战是潮湿气候。故选A。
4.根据最后一段中的"the exchange f such knwledge is fundamental"可知, Sants的引言的重点是强调文化知识交流的重要性。故选C。