2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（B卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（B卷），共6页。
2.It is nt ratinal t draw the _____ (cnclude) withut deep cnsideratin.
3.She was unable t give the plice a __________(describe) f the attacker because she had n memry f what had happened t her.
4.The custmer asked fr the dress in the shpping windw, but the assistant made n _______(respnd), and carried n with her chatting.
5.N ne knws hw the wrld came int ________(exist).
6.Chinese architects are getting internatinal______ (recgnize)．
7.It's healthier t release _______ (frustrate) than t bttle it up.
8.I made a ________(cmmit) t him t pay ff all f the debt.
9.N ne shall enter the rm withut__________(permit) .
10.Athens, the capital city f Greece, is knwn as the birthplace f western________(civil).
二、阅读理解
The wrld's clcks mark every passing secnd. minute and hur. But t humans, secnds f pain can feel like minutes. and hurs spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch r squeeze the feeling f time fr many reasns, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Althugh the science behind this "subjective time" is nt fully understd, sme research suggests that an additinal factr might influence the subjective length f yur life: yur incme.
Research already suggests that n average wealthy peple live lnger bilgically. Nw, emerging wrk indicates that varied and nvel experiences culd create mre "time cdes（编码）" in the human brain as it prcesses memry frmatin. This, in turn, culd mean that peple wh can affrd t enjy mre vacatins and hbbies, and wh have mre stimulating jbs, will recall having lived fr a lnger time n Earth.
"Even thugh time flies when yu're having fun, when yu lk back n it, yu can remember much mre f this extended experience cmpared t a bring experience," says Jrgen Sugar, a pstdctral student at the Nrwegian University f Science and Technlgy's Kavli Institute fr Systems Neurscience. He's part f a team f scientists investigating these mental time cdes.
The idea that nvelty can affect the experience f time als seems t fit cultures that dn't measure time using clcks — many cultures rely instead n celestial（天空的）, cultural and seasnal events t mark the flw f time. "Our experience f time des vary accrding t circumstances. and als accrding t the kind f rhythm f activity we engage in," says Chris Sinha, a cgnitive（认知）scientist wrking with Hunan University wh has studied s called "event-based time" in Amaznian tribes and linguistic minrity grups in China.
But ther experts aren't cnvinced. Accrding t Mnica Capri, an ecnmist with a backgrund in neur- ecnmies at Claremnt Graduate University subjective time isn't well understd scientifically. Even if higher-paid jbs can lead t mre new experiences, wealthy peple aren't necessarily spending mney that way. A millinaire fr instance may spend mney n a fancy watch, but this isn't likely t change their feeling f time the way a vacatin r even a lw-cst hike wuld, she says.
What's mre, she says, there are many factrs t cnsider in hw the brain prcesses time. Fr instance, accrding t Adrian Bejan, a prfessr at Duke University, the nvelty f fun experiences can simply wear ff.
Still, researchers frm many fields are eager t uncver the mysteries f memry and subjective time. Accrding t Sugar, understanding hw humans frm and recall memries can affect many aspects f sciety, such as law, educatin and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid ur understanding f urselves. "The human brain is the mst cmplex bilgical system we knw." he says.
1. What d we knw abut "subjective time" frm the passage?
A. It has nthing t d with ne's incme. B. Its pace is influenced by a persn's md.
C. It is a thing that is cmpletely understd. D. It marks every passing secnd fr a persn.
2. Hw can incme influence a persn, accrding t sme researchers?
A. Wealthy peple tend t engage mre in remembering things.
B. Wealthy peple may feel life is relatively lnger psychlgically.
C. Wealthy peple tend t have a better memry than pr peple.
D. Wealthy peple usually need mre time t prcess memry frmatin.
3. What is Mnica Capra's pinin?
A. She is nt cnvinced that mney can extend subjective time,
B. She desn't believe that wealthy peple can buy gd memries.
C. She thinks that the excitement f fun experiences can hardly wear ff.
D. She dubts whether higher-paid jbs can lead t mre new experiences.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Researchers are explring the mysteries f memry.
B. Many factrs can influence hw yu feel time.
C. Yur subjective time may depend n yur incme.
D. The brain can change yur feeling f time.
三、语法填空
La Gan Ma Fd Cmpany ①________(fund) in Guiyang in Guizhu Prvince in 1984. Its creatr, Ta Huabi, ②________ face appears n each bttle f the chili (红辣椒) il, has recently drawn public attentin again. Nearly every Chinese persn knws La Gan Ma, a ③________ (huge) ppular chili il that hit the shelves in 1996. Often ④________ (use) in a terrible dish, a small spn f La Gan Ma can save the dish and turn it int smething ⑤________ (taste).
La Gan Ma fund ⑥________ (it) way int supermarkets nt nly in China, but als in freign ⑦________ (cuntry) where it als has many fllwers. On Amazn, cm, La Gan Ma is rated 4.9 ut f 5 stars. Many freigners claim that La Gan Ma is the best chili sauce they have ever tasted.
Ta started her business at the age f 50, basing her recipe ⑧________ traditinal chili il frm Guizhu. Like Gree's president Dng Mingzhu, wh als started her business career much ⑨________ (late) than her peers, Ta is a gd example t yung peple, especially wmen, attempting ​⑩________ (achieve) their dreams.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：creativity
解析： 考查名词。句意：我们需要认识到问题不在于缺少创造性。结合句意可知，lack f缺少，缺乏，后跟名词作宾语，creativity"创造性"，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。
2.答案：cnclusin
解析： 根据空格前定冠词the可知，应用名词cnclusin作宾语，特指"这个结论"，是单数意义，用名词单数，短语draw the cnclusin"得出结论"，故填cnclusin.
3.答案：descriptin
解析： 考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，"描述"的名词为descriptin.。故填descriptin。
4.答案：respnse
解析： 考查名词。句意：顾客在购物橱窗里要那件衣服，但是售货员没有回答，继续聊天。动词made后需接名词作宾语，respnd的名词为respnse"回答"，make n respnse没有回答，固定搭配。故填respnse。
5.答案：existence
解析： 句意：没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。cme int existence出现；存在；产生，是固定搭配。故填：existence.
6.答案：recgnitin
解析： 本题主要考查名词。结合句意，中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。填空处位于形容词internatinal 之后，故应填recgnize的名词形式recgnitin，意为"认可"。故正确答案为recgnitin。
7.答案：frustratin
解析： 句意：受挫折后发泄一通比强忍着对身体有益。release是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；frustratin是可数名词，根据句中it要用单数形式。故填：frustratin.
8.答案：cmmitment
解析： 句意：我向他承诺按时支付我的账单。考查单词填空cmmit，动词，承诺，保证。前面是冠词a，所以用名词形式cmmitment。have a cmmitment t sb对……做出承诺。故填cmmitment。
9.答案：permissin
解析： 句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。考查名词辨析。permissin准许；许可。withut为介词，后可接名词。结合句意，故填permissin。
10.答案：civilizatin
解析： 考查名词。句意：雅典是希腊的首都，以西方文明的发源地而闻名。形容词修饰名词，作介词f的宾语，故填civilizatin。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"The brain can stretch r squeeze the feeling f time fr many reasns, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Althugh the science behind this "subjective time" is nt fully understd, sme research suggests that an additinal factr might influence the subjective length f yur life: yur incme.（大脑会因为许多原因而延长或挤压时间的感觉，包括快乐、痛苦、恐惧和年龄。虽然这种"主观时间"背后的科学原理还没有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，还有一个额外的因素可能会影响你的主观寿命：你的收入）"可知，"主观时间"的节奏受人的情绪影响。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段"Research already suggests that, n average, wealthy peple live lnger, bilgically. Nw, emerging wrk indicates that varied and nvel experiences culd create mre "time cdes（编码）" in the human brain as it prcesses memry frmatin. This, in turn, culd mean that peple wh can affrd t enjy mre vacatins and hbbies, and wh have mre stimulating jbs, will recall having lived fr a lnger time n Earth.（研究已经表明，从生物学角度来看，富人平均寿命更长。现在，新的研究表明，在人脑处理记忆形成的过程中，各种各样的新奇经历可以创造出更多的"时间代码"。反过来，这可能意味着，那些有能力享受更多假期和爱好的人，以及拥有更多刺激工作的人，将回忆起在地球上生活的时间更长）"可知，根据一些研究人员的说法，富人往往比穷人有更好的回忆。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"A millinaire fr instance may spend mney n a fancy watch, but this isn't likely t change their feeling f time the way a vacatin r even a lw-cst hike wuld.（例如，百万富翁可能会花钱买一块漂亮的手表，但这不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那样改变他们对时间的感觉）"可知，Mnica Capra不相信有钱人可以买到美好的回忆。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章最后一段"Still researchers frm many, fields are eager t uncver the mysteries f memry and subjective time.（尽管如此，许多领域的研究人员仍渴望揭开记忆和主观时间的奥秘）"可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是研究人员正在探索记忆的奥秘。故选A项。
三、语法填空
答案：1. was funded2. whse3. hugely4. used5. tasty6. its7. cuntries8. n/upn9. later10. t achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语"La Gan Ma Fd Cmpany"和动词fund之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句中的时间状语"in 1984"可知，此处应用一般过去时；且主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填was funded。
②考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Ta Hua bi'"，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词face，故应用whse引导该从句。故填whse。
③考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词ppular。故填hugely。
④考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语"a small spn f La Gan Ma"和动词use之间为被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故填used。
⑤考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词smething。故填tasty。
⑥考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词way。故填its。
⑦考查名词的单复数。句意为：老干妈不仅找到了进入中国超市的方法，也找到了进入其拥有众多追随者的国外市场的方法。cuntry为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形试。故填cuntries。
⑧考查介词。是固定搭配，意为"……以……为基础"。故填n/upn。
⑨考查副词的比较等级。分析句子结构可知，此处是副词修饰动词started；再根据下文中的"than"可知，此处应用副词的比较级形式。故填later。
⑩考查非谓语动词。attempt t d sth.是固定搭配，意为"企图做某事，试图做某事"。故填t achieve。