2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（B卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（B卷），共7页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.Millins f species are being killed in such a shrt time that even _____ fittest can't survive.
2.It is a pity that nt all the cllectins are pen t the public, but the Luvre is well wrth paying _____ visit t.
3.Cmpleting such a heavy task in such a shrt time is actually _____ great challenge t us.
4.During_____1960s, there were terrible fights between blacks and whites in America.
5.It's_____ hnr as well as a respnsibility t be chsen as the hst cuntry.
6.Fr all yur infrmatin, yu dn't have t g t_____ library t find the relevant resurce and take ntes f it.
7.When we gt a call saying she was shrt-listed, we thught it was_____ jke.
8.Of_____ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
9.Everybdy wears _____ same style f clthes.
10.The plum trees are _____ first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化).
11.It was hard fr him t learn English in a family, in which __________ f the parents spke the language.
12.Every cuntry has its unique cultural traditins and ppular sprts. What we can d is just experience them and shw __________(we) respect.
13.Mary is expecting anther baby nw and hpes __________ will be a by.
14.Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change ur wrld in __________ way r anther fr the better.
15.Miss Bessie nticed things that had __________ t d with schlwrk but were vital t a yungsters develpment.
16.Yu shuld make __________ clear hw much the persn means t yu and hw hard he r she has wrked fr yu.
17.Daddy explained that he had tried __________ t get hme fr Christmas, but withut success.
18.________ wh is interested in the jb please get in tuch with us as sn as pssible by telephne r e-mail.
19.Culd yu please say ________ fr me when yu intrduce me t Mr. Jhnsn?
20.I think ________ necessary that we take plenty f ht water every day.
二、阅读理解
Self-driving cars are just arund the crner. Such vehicles will make getting frm ne place t anther safer and less stressful. They als culd cut dwn n traffic, reduce pllutin and limit accidents. But hw shuld driverless cars handle emergencies? Peple disagree n the answer. And that might put the brakes n this technlgy, a new study cncludes.
T understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets sme pedestrians in the rad. Even with braking, it's t late t avid a crash. S the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether t swerve (急转弯). T save the pedestrians, shuld the car swerve ff the rad r swerve int ncming traffic? What if such ptins wuld likely kill the car's passengers?
Researchers used nline surveys t study peple's attitudes abut such situatins with driverless cars. Survey participants mstly agreed that driverless cars shuld be designed t prtect the mst peple. That included swerving int walls (r therwise sacrificing their passengers) t save a larger number f pedestrians. But there is a dilemma (困境). Thse same surveyed peple want t ride in cars that prtect passengers at all csts—even if the pedestrians wuld nw end up dying. Jean Bnnefn is a psychlgist at the Tuluse Schl f Ecnmics in France. He and his clleagues reprted their findings in Science.
"Autnmus cars can cmpletely change transprtatin", says study cauthr Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technlgy creates a mral dilemma that culd slw its acceptance.
"Makers f driverless cars are in a tugh spt," Bnnefn's grup warns. Mst buyers wuld want their car t be prgrammed t prtect them in preference t ther peple. Hwever, regulatins might ne day instruct that cars must act fr the greater gd. That wuld mean saving the mst peple. But the scientists think rules like this culd drive away buyers. If s, all the ptential benefits f driverless cars wuld be lst.
​ "Cmprmises (折中) might be pssible," Kurt Gray says. He is a psychlgist at the University f Nrth Carlina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are prgrammed t prtect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Thse vehicles might be dangerus t pedestrians n rare ccasins. But they "wn't speed, wn't drive drunk and wn't text while driving, which wuld be a win fr sciety."
1.The underlined wrd "challenge" in paragraph 2 refers t ____________.
A. peple's negative attitudes twards self-driving cars.
B. hw self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents.
C. the technical prblems that self-driving cars have.
D. hw self-driving cars handle emergencies.
2.Accrding t the text, nline surveys shw that ____________.
A. self-driving cars' artificial intelligence needs imprvement.
B. the busy traffic may be a prblem fr self-driving cars.
C. peple are in a mral dilemma abut driverless cars.
D. self-driving cars shuld be designed t prtect drivers.
3.What can we learn frm the fifth paragraph?
A. Regulatins are in favur f drivers.
B. Mst peple dislike self-driving cars nw.
C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situatin.
D. The ptential benefits f driverless cars are ignred.
4.What is Kurt Gray's attitude tward self-driving cars?
A. Favrable.B. Dubtful.C. Critical.D. Disapprving.
三、语法填空
UK Prime Minister Bris Jhnsn has started plans fr a "cycling and walking revlutin". It, if fully ①______(realize),culd change the way peple mve arund twns and cities.
The mve cmes as authrities' attempt ②_______(imprve)public health by arusing peple's interest in traveling by bike and n ft. The plans, which are ③_____(special)designed fr England, are t be funded by £ 2 billin.
Wide-ranging in their scpe, they include ④_______(aspect)such us: prviding cycling training t children and adults ⑤_______ they want it, develping a netwrk f prtected bike rutes, and creating "lw-traffic neighbrhds."
Xavier Brice, the CEO f Sustrans, a charity which fcused n cycling and walking, ⑥_____(say)the new plans marked "a big step frward" by the gvernment. "By ⑦______(help)mre peple t leave the car at hme fr shrter jurneys, this package f measures will cut pllutin and imprve the safety f ur streets," he added.
The crnavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect ⑧_____ the way peple mve abut. Public transprt use in the UK has fallen greatly while sme parts f the cuntry ⑨____(change) their rads lately t make ⑩_____easier fr peple t get arund by walking r by bike.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：the
解析：形容词的最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。
2.答案：a
解析：pay a visit t smeplace/ sb.去参观某地或拜访某人,相当于pay smeplace/ sb. a visit。
3.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge挑战, 是可数名词的单数形式, 此处意思是一个巨大的挑战, great以辅音音素开头, 所以前面要加不定冠词a, 故填a。
4.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在20世纪60年代, 黑人和白人之间发生了猛烈的斗争。根据后文1960s可知用 the, during/in the 1960s 表示在20世纪60年代, 故填the。
5.答案：an
解析：考查不定冠词。句意: 被选为东道主是一种荣誉, 也是一种责任。固定句型It is an hnr t d sth.做某事是一种荣誉, 应用不定冠词, hnr中的h不发音, 是以元音音素开头的单词, 应用an, 故填an。
6.答案：
1.客观填空 the
解析：考查固定词组。句意: 得到你所要的信息, 都不需要去图书馆找相关资料和做笔记。G t the library去图书馆。故填the。
7.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 当我们接到电话说她入围了, 我们还以为这是一个玩笑。根据句意"我们还以为这是一个玩笑"可知, 此处jke为泛指, 故填a。
8.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中, 三种数量在减少, 六种保持稳定, 一种数量在增加, 九种缺乏足够的数据。此处为特指, 意为"已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中", 故填the。
9.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词, 意思是"相同的", 常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
10.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 即使当雪还在融化, 梅树就第一个开花了。根据空白处后面的序数词first, 可知此处应填定冠词the。
11.答案：neither
解析：考查代词。句意为：在一个父母都不会说英语的家庭里，学习英语对他来说很难。neither意为"两者都不"，符合句意。故填neither。
12.答案：ur
解析：考查代词的用法。句意为:每个国家都有其独特的文化传统和流行运动。我们能做的只是体验它们,并表达我们的尊重。根据主语"we"可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词ur作定语,修饰名词"respect"。故填ur。
13.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为: Mary现在又怀孕了,她希望会是个男孩。it可指代性别不明确的人。故填it。
14.答案：ne
解析：考查代词。句意为:在过去的20年里,互联网以各种方式帮助改变我们的世界,使世界变得更好。in ne way r anther意为"以各种方式"。故填ne。
15.答案：nthing
解析：考查代词。句意为:Bessie女士注意到一些与学业无关、但对孩子的成长至关重要的事情。have nthing t d with...是固定短语,意为"与……无关"。故填nthing。
16.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为:你应该弄清楚这个人对你有多重要,他或她为你付出了多大努力。此处应用it作形式宾语,后面的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
17.答案：everything
解析：考查代词。句意为:爸爸解释说他已经想尽了一切办法回家过圣诞节,但没有成功。everything意为"一切",符合句意。故填everything。
18.答案：Anyne
解析：考查代词。句意为：任何对这份工作感兴趣的人请尽快通过电话或电子邮件与我们取得联系。anyne意为"任何人"，符合句意。故填Anyne。注意首字母大写。
19.答案：smething
解析：考查代词。句意为:当你向Jhnsn先生介绍我的时候,能为我说一些(好)话吗? smething意为"某事",通常用于肯定句;用于疑问句时,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。故填smething。
20.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为：我认为我们每天喝很多热水是必要的。此处应用it作形式宾语， that引导的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知T understand the challenge, imagine a car suddenly meets sme pedestrians in the rad.为了理解这个挑战,想象一辆汽车在路上突然遇到一些行人。challenge指的是自动驾驶汽车如何处理紧急情况。故选D.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Survey participants mstly agreed autmated cars shuld be designed t prtect the mst peple. That included swerving int walls t save a larger number f pedestrians.调查参与者大多同意自动汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而转向墙壁。可知,在线调查表明,人们关心的是谁的安全应该是第一位的。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段 But the scientists think rules like this culd drive away buyers, If s, all the ptential benefits f driverless cars wuld be lst.但科学家们认为,这样的规定可能会赶走买家,如果是这样,无人驾驶汽车的所有潜在好处都将丧失。可以推测出,自动驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选C。
4.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子"But they wn't speed, wn't drive drunk and wn't text while driving, which wuld be a win fr sciety.但他们不会超速,不会酒后驾车,也不会边开车边发短信,这将是社会的胜利。"可知,Kurt Gray对自驾汽车的态度是支持的。结合选项A. Favrable支持的,赞成的;B. Dubtful怀疑的;C. Critical批评的;D. Disapprving不同意的,故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. realized2. t imprve3. specially4. aspects5. if/when6. said7. helping8. n9. have changed10. it
解析：①考查状语从句的省略。句意:它如果完全地被意识到,可以改变人们的移动方式的城镇和城市。本句为if引导的条件状语从句的省略,还原为it is realized, 因主句主语与从句主语相同,且从句动词为be动词,所以主语和be动词被省略。故答案为realized。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:这一举措是由于当局试图通过唤起人们对骑自行车旅行的兴趣来改善公共健康。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,attempt t d sth试图做某事。故答案为t imprve。
③考查副词。句意:这项专为英格兰设计的计划将得到20亿英镑的资助。分析句子结构可知:设空处后为动词,设空处应用副词修饰动词。故答案为specially。
④考查名词。句意:他们的范围很广,如果孩子和成年人想要的话,可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词形式,名词指的是"such us: prviding cycling training t children and adults"以及"develping a netwrk f prtected bike rutes, and creating "lw-traffic neighbrhds."三件事情,名词应用复数形式。故答案为aspects。
⑤考查连词。句意见上题。分析句子的成分可知:设空处应为连词引导从句;结合句意,设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为if/ when。
⑥考查动词的时态。句意:专注于骑车和步行的慈善机构Sustrans的首席执行官泽维尔•布里斯表示,新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据宾语从句 the new plans marked "a big step frward" by the gvernment.新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步"。可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故答案为said。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:"通过帮助更多的人在短途旅行时将汽车留在家里,这一揽子措施将减少污染,提高我们的街道安全,"他补充说。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,设空处前为介词,后接动名词作宾语。故答案为helping。
⑧考查介词。句意:冠状病毒大流行已经对人们的出行方式产生了重大影响。固定搭配have an effect n…对……有影响。故答案为n。
⑨考查动词时态。句意:英国的公共交通使用量大幅下降,而该国的一些地区最近改变了道路,使人们步行或骑自行车出行更方便。分析句子结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据lately可以判断时态是现在完成时。故答案为have changed。
⑩考查it作形式宾语。句意见上题。分析句子的结构可知:句子的真正宾语是t get arund by walking r by bike.设空处在句中作it作形式宾语。故答案为it。