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2022年新高考北京卷英语真题与答案详细解析
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这是一份2022年新高考北京卷英语真题与答案详细解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A， themselves等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I ____1____ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I ____2____ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was ____3____ that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was ____4____ to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to ____6____ was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his ____7____ could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how ____8____ I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to ____9____. To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in _____10_____ .
1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined
2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully
3. A. angry B. absent C. special D. noisy
4. A. courageous B. content C. unable D. unwilling
5. A. recover B. play C. change D. wait
6. A. settle B. gather C. arrive D. react
7 A. sneeze B. weep C. complaint D. laughter
8. A. lucky B. happy C. curious D. nervous
9. A. show up B. pull up C. hold up D. line up
10. A. gratitude B. forgiveness C. faith D. kindness
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused引起、使发生；B. spotted看见、注意到；C. checked检查、核对；D. imagined想象。根据后面的“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spot符合语境。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A. hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；B. randomly随机地；C. dizzily头晕眼花地；D. carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry生气的、愤怒的；B. absent缺席的、不在的；C. special特殊的、特别的；D. noisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“He had been dropped off at school late and was ____4____ to open the door.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，此处absent符合语境。故选B项
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. courageous勇敢的；B. content满足的、满意的；C. unable无法胜任的、不会的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“the heavy wooden door.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there for quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，unable符合语境。故选C项
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recover恢复、康复；B. play玩闹、戏弄；C. change改变；D. wait等待。根据前面的“He was treated for frostbite on his hands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处recover符合语境。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle解决、定居；B. gather聚集、召集；C. arrive到达；D. react反应。根据下文“Not only did he run in with energy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用arrive。故选C项
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze打喷嚏；B. weep哭泣；C. complaint抱怨；D. laughter笑声。根据前面的“Not only did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结合后面的“could be heard as loud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，laughter符合语境。故选D项
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy开心的、幸福的；C. curious好奇的；D. nervous紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，happy符合语境。故选B项
【9题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up露面，出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hold up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用show up符合语境。故选A项
10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我在信念方面上了一堂有力的课。A. gratitude感激；B. forgiveness宽恕；C. faith信任、信念；D. kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指“关于信念的课”，faith符合语境。故选C项
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11. in 12. to harm
13. caught
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14. supported
15. whether
16. has
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
【16题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17. themselves
18. which 19. worse
20. has increased
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
【详解】1.考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
21. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
22. What can students do if a session is full?
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
23. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.（这是一个机会，在你运用技能解决问题的同时，加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解。）”可知，在同伴辅助学习课程中，学生运用技能解决问题。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Waiting lists部分“If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list.（如果课程满员，您可以注册等待列表。）”可知，如果某一课程满员，可以注册等待列表。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分“If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.（如果您连续错过两次课程，您将被取消注册，你的位置将分配给等待名单上的某个人。）”可知，如果学生连续错过两次课程，将被取消注册。故选D。
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24 What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
C
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
【35题详解】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37题详解】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
【38题详解】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40. What did Tom witness at his own school?
41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
【答案】40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【43题详解】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?
The talk will last about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll use. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份电子邮件，邀请英国好友Jim为班级做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近好吗：How’s everything → How’s it going
提供、给予：give → offer / provide
不擅长：be weak in → be bad at / be poor in
建议：suggestion → advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
拓展句：I’m writing to ask if it is convenient for you to offer us an online talk on English writing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?(运用了疑问词+不定式作宾语)
【高分句型2】It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I ____1____ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I ____2____ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was ____3____ that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was ____4____ to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to ____6____ was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his ____7____ could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how ____8____ I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to ____9____. To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in _____10_____ .
1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined
2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully
3. A. angry B. absent C. special D. noisy
4. A. courageous B. content C. unable D. unwilling
5. A. recover B. play C. change D. wait
6. A. settle B. gather C. arrive D. react
7 A. sneeze B. weep C. complaint D. laughter
8. A. lucky B. happy C. curious D. nervous
9. A. show up B. pull up C. hold up D. line up
10. A. gratitude B. forgiveness C. faith D. kindness
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused引起、使发生；B. spotted看见、注意到；C. checked检查、核对；D. imagined想象。根据后面的“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spot符合语境。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A. hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；B. randomly随机地；C. dizzily头晕眼花地；D. carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry生气的、愤怒的；B. absent缺席的、不在的；C. special特殊的、特别的；D. noisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“He had been dropped off at school late and was ____4____ to open the door.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，此处absent符合语境。故选B项
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. courageous勇敢的；B. content满足的、满意的；C. unable无法胜任的、不会的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“the heavy wooden door.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there for quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，unable符合语境。故选C项
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recover恢复、康复；B. play玩闹、戏弄；C. change改变；D. wait等待。根据前面的“He was treated for frostbite on his hands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处recover符合语境。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle解决、定居；B. gather聚集、召集；C. arrive到达；D. react反应。根据下文“Not only did he run in with energy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用arrive。故选C项
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze打喷嚏；B. weep哭泣；C. complaint抱怨；D. laughter笑声。根据前面的“Not only did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结合后面的“could be heard as loud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，laughter符合语境。故选D项
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy开心的、幸福的；C. curious好奇的；D. nervous紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，happy符合语境。故选B项
【9题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up露面，出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hold up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用show up符合语境。故选A项
10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我在信念方面上了一堂有力的课。A. gratitude感激；B. forgiveness宽恕；C. faith信任、信念；D. kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指“关于信念的课”，faith符合语境。故选C项
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11. in 12. to harm
13. caught
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14. supported
15. whether
16. has
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
【16题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17. themselves
18. which 19. worse
20. has increased
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
【详解】1.考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
21. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
22. What can students do if a session is full?
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
23. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.（这是一个机会，在你运用技能解决问题的同时，加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解。）”可知，在同伴辅助学习课程中，学生运用技能解决问题。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Waiting lists部分“If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list.（如果课程满员，您可以注册等待列表。）”可知，如果某一课程满员，可以注册等待列表。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分“If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.（如果您连续错过两次课程，您将被取消注册，你的位置将分配给等待名单上的某个人。）”可知，如果学生连续错过两次课程，将被取消注册。故选D。
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24 What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
C
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
【35题详解】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37题详解】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
【38题详解】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40. What did Tom witness at his own school?
41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
【答案】40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【43题详解】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?
The talk will last about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll use. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份电子邮件，邀请英国好友Jim为班级做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近好吗：How’s everything → How’s it going
提供、给予：give → offer / provide
不擅长：be weak in → be bad at / be poor in
建议：suggestion → advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
拓展句：I’m writing to ask if it is convenient for you to offer us an online talk on English writing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?(运用了疑问词+不定式作宾语)
【高分句型2】It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
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