2019年北京卷英语高考真题

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）

英 语

（考试时间：100分钟  试卷满分：120分）

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

第一节  语法填空（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I    1   （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. ＂How will I make friends?＂ She handed me advice. ＂Be yourself.＂ For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously   2   （face） challenges, I know I will whisper to   3  （I） the two simple words ＂Be yourself＂.

B

Earth Day,   4  （mark）on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated   5   1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various   6  （activity） on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power — the possibilities are endless.

C

Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question   7  （suggest）that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than   8   they go. The students benefitting most from college are those   9   are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源）. Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and   10  （meaning）college experience.

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

  阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.

A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been   11   free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started   12   his car to the young people. Wilson has   13   am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous   14   with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s   15   have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students   16   call him

＂Grandpa＂.

Tina Stern   17   rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free   18  . "It’s not just a ride；you’re not just sitting there in   19   silence or with your headphones on.＂ Stern said. ＂He asks you questions and actually   20   the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll   21    those things."

Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the   22   asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes   23   to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.

Wilson is there to   24   them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never   25   to buy them a meal.

For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely   26   for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to   27   vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has   28   them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the   29  . ＂I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It’s such a（n）   30   to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."

11. A. linking      B. sending      C. offering      D. distributing

12. A. donating    B. lending      C. delivering    D. volunteering

13. A. paved      B. covered      C. measured      D. wandered

14. A. arguments    B. interviews     C. negotiations     D. wandered

15. A. met    B. driven     C. addressed      D. conversations

16. A. even     B. ever      C. once     D. already

17. A. earned    B. received     C. assessed     D. demanded

18. A. transportation    B. style      C. time      D. communication

19. A. forced    B. awkward     C. ridiculous    D. suspicious

20. A. selects    B. recites     C. guesses     D. remembers

21. A. act on    B. settle on     C. check on     D. agree on

22. A. club    B. league     C. college     D. programme

23. A. far    B. around     C. beyond     D. forwards

24. A. assist    B. watch     C. urge     D. warn

25. A. expects    B. attempts     C. manages    D. hesitates

26. A. extra     B. unusual    C. necessary    D. adequate

27. A. share    B. fuel     C. repair     D. exchange

28. A. required    B. allowed     C. reminded     D. convinced

29. A. experience   B. arrangement    C. appreciation    D. employment

30. A. effort    B. ambition    C. privilege    D. convenience

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association（GDA）.Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.

We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.

Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.

Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.

This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes：

GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.

There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.

Find out more about joining a GDA programme:

Website:www.glodeve.org

Email:humanresources@glodeve.org

31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?

A. To seek local partners.         B. To take in young volunteers.

C. To carry out programmes.       D. To foster cultural awareness.

32. The programme beginning in August will operate in         .

A. Egypt            B. Algeria   C. Kenya              D. South Africa

33. The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to         .

A. explore new cultures          B. protect the environment

C. gain corporate benefits         D. help communities in need

B

Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.

It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.

As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

34. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?

A. She argued with him.     B. She tried to find a way out.

C. She paid no attention.     D. She chose to consult dentists.

35. What is special about CanCandy?

A. It is beneficial to dental health.   B. It is free of sweeteners.

C. It is sweeter than other candies.   D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.

36. What does Moore expect from her business?

A. To earn more money.     B. To help others find smiles.

C. To make herself stand out.    D. To beat other candy companies.

37. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?

A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.

B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.

C. Positive thinking and action result in success.

D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.

C

The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these ＂solutions"（解决方案）become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.

That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.

These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.

We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.

Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.

38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?

A. Panicked.         B. Confused.           C. Embarrassed.        D. Disappointed.

39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ___________.

A. aim at victims precisely          B. damage databases easily

C. start campaigns rapidly          D. spread information widely

40. What does the passage imply?

A. Honesty is the best policy.

B. Technologies can be double-edged.

C. There are more solutions than problems.

D. Credibility holds the key to development.

41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted

B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls

C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous

D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology

D

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. ＂Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,＂she said, ＂but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ＂

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, ＂it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.＂ Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. ＂It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,＂ Dutkiewicz said, ＂but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.＂

42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.

B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.

C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.

D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

43. What does the underlined word＂vulnerable＂in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sensitive.   B. Beneficial.    C. Significant.   D. Unnoticeable.

44. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.

C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.

D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

45. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.

B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.

C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.

D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.     46    Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?

    47    They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.

To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their actions.      48       In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, ＂There is no I in TEAM.＂     49    

Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

    50     . An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.

A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.

B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent

C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.

D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.

E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.

F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.

G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节 (15分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1. 交通出行；

2. 必备衣物。

注意：

1. 词数不少于50；

2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以＂劳动最光荣＂为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

提示词：西瓜watermelon

(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（北京卷）参考答案

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

1. voiced  2. facing   3. myself  4. marked  5. in

6. activities  7. suggests/suggested/has suggested    8. where 

9. who/that  10. meaningful

第二部分 阅读理解

11. C   12. D   13. B   14. D   15. B

16. A   17. B     18. A   19. B   20. D

21. C   22. D   23. C   24. A    25. D

26. C   27. A   28. B   29. A   30. C

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

31. C   32. D   33. D   34. B   35. A

36. B   37. C   38. D   39. A   40. B

41. C   42. B   43. A   44. D   45. C

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

46. B   47. E   48. G   49. D   50. F

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

One possible version:

Dear Jim,

   I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China.

   I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities.

   Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.

   Looking forward to your arrival.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（20分）

一、    内容要点

1. 宣传动员   2. 准备行李   3. 体验劳动   4. 回家分享

二、    范文

One possible version:

   Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.

   At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.

   When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.

   On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.

   When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.