2023届中考英语一轮复习专题练习：专题十一 完形填空 考点19 科普说明类（C卷）

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专题十一 完形填空 考点19 科普说明类（C卷）
一、
    Not only could the cultures, histories or customs in different countries be different, but the shopping habits are different. Let’s see the shopping in America here.
    If you arrive    1    America only for a short time, I believe you    2    buy some clothes soon. There is a rule of dressing in the States: Change your clothes every day. For example, in an American college, neither teachers    3     students are often seen in the same clothes for two days on end. So you may find    4    necessary to buy more clothes than you have here—in China.
        5    you are shopping in the States, you will find that prices change a lot from store to store, and they change a lot from time to time.
    After you stay in America for some time, you will also find that Americans are not so well-off. They often go shopping at—sales‖.
    They also buy some used, second-hand things, such as clothing, bed, sofa, or TV—in order to    6    money. But in America it is quite different:    7    of the second-hand things are rather good.
    In fact, the price in the United States is always very    8    . Advertisements for—white sale‖ are often seen in January, as    9    as in May and June or July. Once or twice every season there will be—garage sales‖ in the community. There, you can get almost    10    , from a boat to a pair of shoes, at lower prices.
1.A.at     B.in     C.to     D.for
2.A.can     B.may     C.must     D.need to
3.A.and     B.but     C.or     D.nor
4.A.it     B.that     C.what     D.how
5.A.Before     B.After     C.While     D.During
6.A.save     B.spend     C.get     D.cost
7.A.Few     B.Much     C.Most     D.All
8.A.low     B.high     C.dear     D.common
9.A.good     B.well     C.soon     D.often
10.A.something     B.everything     C.anything     D.nothing
二、
    In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has     1     its ability to change the world with its n four great new inventions " :  high-speed railways, electronic payments, bike-sharing and online shopping.  
    Do you know     2     the new inventions can appear in China? The " four great new inventions" are     3     related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating     4     of bike-sharing is based on the satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly     5     the quality of people’s lives.  
    China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of     6     that China has spent on encouraging innovation. China is beginning to     7     in innovation in some ways.  
    "The four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的)economy     8     at the same time," said Charlie Dai, principal analyst(首席分析师)of an American market research company.  
    As a whole, all the Chinese are     9     of their four great new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. More and more foreigners    ​10     to promote(促进)economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation.  
1. A. seemed B. appeared C. looked D. showed
2. A. when B. what C. why D. where
3. A. all B. both C. neither D. none
4. A. example B. model C. style D. kind
5. A. improved B. finished C. invented D. wasted
6. A. people B. water C. electricity D. money
7. A. try B. lead C. win D. value
8. A. develop B. warn C. mean D. live
9. A. proud B. tired C.bored D. satisfied
10. A. afford B. repeat C. hope D. wait
三、
Nowadays, more and more teenagers have too much pressure. They find their 1 are getting heavier and hours they spend on their homework are becoming 2 They think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies. But their parents think the hobbies can 3 their schoolwork. Should parents allow their children 4 their own decisions?
Liu Ying, a fifteen-year-old girl, is a singing star at school. She always wanted to be a professional 5 when she grows up. 6 ，her parents don’t want her to practice singing because they think their daughter should study hard to get good 7 and go to a good university. “She needs to spend more time 8 her homework because it’s 9 to become a professional singing star,” says her father. But Liu Ying really 10 “I know my parents 11 me. And they hope that I will have a better life in the future. But I am 12 singing. I should be allowed to make my own decision. Only then will I have a chance to 13 my dream,” says Liu Ying.
Doctors say lots of pressure 14 bad for children’s development. Society should pay more attention to the health of teenagers. Parents have to own the 15 attitude (态度）towards the students’ development. Although it’s normal to want successful children，it’s even more important to have healthy and happy children!
1. A. schools B. schoolbags C. suggestions D. requires
2. A.longer B.shorter C.less D.fewer
3. A.put down B.put out C.get out of D.get in the way of
4. A.make B.to make C.making D.made
5. A.runner B. player C.singer D.writer
6. A.However B. Though C.But D.So
7. A.jobs B. books C.grades D.dreams
8. A.with B.for C.in D.on
9. A.easy B.interesting C.possible D.difficult
10. A. agrees B.minds C.dislikes D.disagrees
11. A. care about B.take after C.look for D.look like
12. A.angry with B.serious about C.sorry for D.pleased with
13. A.miss B.know C.achieve D. change
14. A.are B.were C.is D.was
15. A.wrong B.correct C.hard D.simple
四、
    It’s good to enjoy food, but sometimes the dangers of eating certain things can be hard to digest.
    As we know, most children    1    to eat junk food. It’s hard to turn down(拒绝)    2    , French fries, potato chips and so on.     3    , eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.
    Junk food can impair(损害)    4    ability to think, learn and remember. It    5    also make it harder to control impulsive behavior(冲动行为).
    Junk food is delicious, and many kids cant’ help eating it every day. All parents should    6    the children that they shouldn’t eat potato chips, French fries all the time.
    So, what’s the best    7    to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest    8    . When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive(敏感的) to food cues(暗示). Exercise also helps the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow. So we could    9    a right choice and control our impulse behavior.
    Meanwhile, it’s clear that processed(加工的) foods are not the most nutritious(营养的) things. So we should eat    10    fruit and vegetables.
1.A.help     B.like     C.give     D.look
2.A.hamburgers     B.fruit     C.food     D.vegetables
3.A.So     B.Although     C.And     D.However
4.A.my     B.its     C.their     D.her
5.A.can     B.have to     C.should     D.must
6.A.speak     B.say     C.tell     D.write
7.A.book     B.way     C.money     D.ban
8.A.sleeping     B.eating     C.exercising     D.reading
9.A.get     B.decide     C.wait     D.make
10.A.less     B.more     C.much     D.few
答案以及解析
一、答案：1-5 BDDAC 6-10 ACABC
解析：1.句意"如果你到达美国很短的时间, 我相信不久你就会需要买一些新衣服"。本题考查介词辨析。arrive at+小地点; arrive in+大地点。根据America可知, 是大地点, 故选B。
2.句意"如果你到达美国很短的时间, 我相信不久你就会需要买一些新衣服"。A.能(表示现在的能力); B.可能; C.必须, 一定; D.需要。根据There is a rule of dressing in the States: Change your clothes every day可知, 表示"需要"。故选D。
3.句意"例如, 你在美国的大学, 老师和学生都不会被看到两天穿同一套衣服"。本题考查连词辨析。A.和; B.但是; C.或者; D.不。根据neither...nor..."既不......也不......"可知, 故选D。
4.句意"所以, 比起在中国, 买更多的衣服是必要的"。本题考查代词辨析。根据find it adj to do sth可知, 本题考查形式宾语, 故选A。
5.句意"当你在美国购物时, 你会发现商店与商店之间的价格有很大的变化"。本题考查连词辨析。A.在......之前; B.在......之后; C.当......时候; D.在......期间, 介词。根据句意可知, 表示"当......时候", 故选C。
6.句意"为了省钱, 他们也买一些用过的二手的东西, 例如衣服、床、沙发或电视机"。本题考查动词辨析。A.节省; B.花费; C.得到; D.花费。根据句意可知, 买二手货是为了省钱, 故选A。
7.句意"大部分的二手货都相当的不错"。A.几乎没有, 后加可数名词的复数, 表示否定; B.许多, 修饰不可数名词; C.大多数; D.所有。根据句意可知, "大多数的二手货相当的不错", 故选C。
8.句意"事实上, 在美国的价格总是非常的低"。本题考查形容词辨析。A.低的; B.高的; C.亲爱的; D.普通的。根据There, you can get almost    10    , from a boat to a pair of shoes, at lower prices可知, 价格都很低, 故选A。
9.句意"白色销售的广告经常会在一月, 也会在五月、六月或七月出现"。as good as和......一样好; as well as也, as soon as一......就......。根据句意, 故选B。
10.句意"在那里, 你会得到任何的东西, 从船到鞋子, 价格都很低"。A.用于肯定句中表示"一些东西"; 用于疑问句中表示建议, 并希望得到肯定的回答; B.每个东西; C.用于肯定句中表示"任何东西", 用于否定句和疑问句中, 表示"一些东西"; D.没有东西。本句为肯定句, 且根据from a boat to a pair of shoes, at lower prices可知, 能买到任何的东西, 故选C。
二、答案：DCABA DBAAC
解析：1. D近年来，中国的"新四大发明"再次展示了中国改变世界的能力. show “展示”符合语境。
2. C下文介绍中国大力提倡创新，故此处询问为何"新四大发明"会出现在中国，故选C。
3. A "新四大发明"都与中国的高科技创新有关，表示三者或三者以上都用all，故选A。
4. B example “例子，榜样”；model"模式"；style"风格"；kind"种类"。此处指共享单车的操作模式，故选B。
5. A improve “改进，改善”；finish "完成"；invent"发明"；waste "浪费”。根据上文提到的共享单车所依赖的高科技技术可 推知，此处指中国的高科技创新极大地改善了人们的生活质量。
6. D中国花费了大量的资金用于激励人们创新。根据空前的 “the large amount of” 可知，此处应用 money。spend money on doing sth.为固定搭配
7. B从某些方面来说，中国开始在创新方面起着引领的作用a lead"引领"。
8. A "新四大发明"毫无疑问改善了用户体验，同时有助于国家及全球经济的发展。develop"发展"，符合语境。
9. A所有的中国人都为他们的"新四大发明"而骄傲，be proud or “为……而自豪”，符合语境。
10. C afford"负担得起"；repeat"重说，重新做"；hope"希望"；wait"等待"。此处指越来越多的外国人希望通过学习中国的创 新来促进他们国家的经济发展。
三、答案：BADBC ACDDD ABCCB
解析：1.B根据后面的heavier,并结合选项可知schoolbags与之搭配。
2.A根据上文 “书包变重”，并结合句意可知他们做家庭作业花费的时间正在变长。
3.D由表转折关系的but可知家长认为爱好会阻碍他们的学业。put down “放下” put out “炮灭”; get out of “从出来”;get in the way of “妨碍;挡的路”。
4.B根据前面的allow可知，构成短语allow sb. to do sth.
5.C根据上文的a singing star可知，她想成为一名歌星。
6.A根据上文的"她想成为一名歌星 “和下文的 “她的父母不想让她练习唱歌.可知，此处表示转折关系，因为空后有逗号，所以用however。
7.C根据上文的study hard可知，努力学习是为了取得好成绩。
8.D spend some time on sth. “花费时间在某事上”。
9.D之所以花更多时间在学习上是因为成为专业歌手是很难的。Difficult “困难的”。
10.D根据上下文可知刘英和父母的意见不一致，即 “不同意”，用 disagree。
11.A care about “关心”；take after “像”；look for “寻找”； look like “看起来像”。结合语境可知，刘英理解父母的关心。
12.B be angry with “生…..的气”；be serious about “认真对待”；be sorry for “为感到遗憾”；be pleased with “对……满意”。根据语境可知，刘英对唱歌很认真。
13.C根据后面的宾语dream可知与其搭配的动词是 achieve
14.C主语pressure是不可数名词，视为单数，表明观点用一般现在时。
15.B结合句意可知，家长对孩子的发展必须有正确的态度，即健康和快乐比成功更重要。
四、答案：1-5 BADCA 6-10 CBCDB
解析：1.句意:正如我们所知,大多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。help帮助;like喜欢;give给;look看;根据“As we know, most children...to eat junk food.”及选项可知,正如我们所知,大多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。此处使用like,表示“喜欢”符合语境;like to eat junk food喜欢吃垃圾食品。故选B。
2.句意:很难拒绝汉堡包,炸薯条,薯片等等。hamburgers汉堡;fruit水果;food食物;vegetables蔬菜;根据“French fries, potato chips and so on.”及结合生活常识可知,此处在列举垃圾食品,炸薯条,薯片等等都是垃圾食品。汉堡包属于垃圾食品中的一种。故选A。
3.句意:然而,吃太多垃圾食品会损害你的身体,尤其是10到19岁的孩子。So因此,表结果;Although尽管,表让步;And和,表并列;However然而,表转折;结合上文分析句子可知,“很难拒绝汉堡包,炸薯条,薯片等等。”与“吃太多垃圾食品会损害你的身体,”之间是转折关系。因此使用However连接,符合语境。故选D。
4.句意:垃圾食品会损害他们的思考、学习和记忆的能力。my我的;its它的;their他们的;her她的;根据上文“然而,吃太多垃圾食品会损害你的身体,尤其是10到19岁的孩子。”可知,此处指代的是“孩子们的”,“孩子们”用代词they代替,they的形容词性物主代词是their。故选C。
5.句意:它也会使控制冲动行为变得更加困难。can能,会;have to必须;should应该;must必须;根据上文“Junk food can impair...”可知,此处用情态动词can,表示“会”符合语境。故选A。
6.句意:所有的父母亲都应该告诉孩子他们不应该一直吃薯片和炸薯条。speak说;say说;tell告诉;write写;根据“All parents should...the children that they shouldn’t eat potato chips, French fries all the time.”及选项可知,所有的父母亲都应该告诉孩子他们不应该一直吃薯片和炸薯条。此处使用tell,表示“告诉”符合语境。故选C。
7.句意:那么,对垃圾食品说“不”的最佳方式是什么呢?book书;way方法,方式;money金钱;ban禁止;根据“So, what’s the best...to say no to junk food?”及结合选项可知,那么,对垃圾食品说“不”的最佳方式是什么呢?此处使用way,表示“方式”符合语境。故选B。
8.句意:研究者建议锻炼。sleeping睡觉;eating吃;exercising锻炼;reading阅读;根据下文“When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive (敏感的) to food cues (暗示). Exercise also helps the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow. ”可知,当我们锻炼的时候,大脑的奖励系统对食物信号变得不那么敏感。运动还可以帮助身体制造一种蛋白质,帮助脑细胞生长。这是在介绍运动的好处。由此可推断,研究者建议“锻炼”符合语境。suggest建议,其后跟名词/动名词。故选C。
9.句意:因此我们可以作出正确的选择和控制我们的冲动行为。get到达;decide决定;wait等;make制作;make a choice做出选择,固定搭配。故选D。
10.句意:所以我们应该吃更多的水果和蔬菜。 less较少,little的比较级;more更多,much的比较级;much许多;few很少;联系上下文语境可知,我们应该少吃垃圾食品和加工食品,多吃水果和蔬菜,暗含比较,应使用比较级。故选B。