2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲：动词(4) 考法讲解 课件

这是一份2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲：动词(4) 考法讲解 课件，共36页。PPT课件主要包含了核心考法重难突破，考法六　考查主谓一致，考法训练，off，for，with，suggests，grew，is loved，was等内容，欢迎下载使用。
动词
考法一　考查动词的用法或短语及搭配
考法二　考查具有明显时间标志的时态和语态
考法三　考查没有明显时间标志的时态和语态
考法四　考查主从复合句中前后时态的呼应
考法五　考查一些固定句式的时态
语法填空常考查动词短语或搭配。同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义；同一介词或副词和不同的动词搭配含义也会不同，如：give＋in/ut/away/up, turn＋in/ut/n/ff/up/dwn, put＋up/n/dwn/away/ff, set＋up/ff/ut/abut/aside, cut＋up/dwn/ff, cme＋alng/ff/acrss/thrugh, carry/feed/put/fcus＋n, get/lk/take/cme＋ver等。
[课标全国Ⅲ2018·67]I was searching ______ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.【解析】句意为：我那时正在搜寻我一直在观察的三只西部低地大猩猩。search fr sth.意为“搜寻某物”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
单句语法填空1．He studied hard befre the exam, and it paid ______. He gt an A.2．Many medical persnnel have vluntarily asked______the dangerus task.3．Fr mst f us, cnsuming the right balance f whlefds each day will prvide us______all the nutrients we need.4．The range and black mnarch butterflies are famus ______ their lng migratins (迁徙)—they fly thusands f miles every year.5．But participating ______ t many extracurricular activities des deprive the children f their playtime.
此类题目通常有较明显的时间标志词，可能是明确的时间状语，也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词。做该类试题时，可根据不同情况寻找时间标志词，通过对时间状语或动词、动词短语等标志词及语境的分析作出判断。但有时题干中的时间状语具有干扰性，如fr, nw等词构成的时间状语，所以考生要根据具体语境来判断时态。
题干中常出现的标志词或时间状语有：(1)一般现在时：smetimes, every day/week, n Sundays等；(2)一般过去时：yesterday, last week, three years ag, the ther day, the day befre yesterday, nce upn a time, in 1990等；(3)一般将来时：next week, tmrrw, befre lng, in the future, later n, the day after tmrrw等；(4)现在进行时：lk, nw, at present, at this mment, these days等；(5)过去进行时：then, at that time, thse days等；(6)将来进行时：at this time tmrrw/the day after tmrrw, frm… t… tmrrw/the day after tmrrw等；(7)现在完成时：lately, recently, s far, yet, by nw, up t/till nw, since then, in the last/past few days/years等；(8)过去完成时：by then, by that time, until then, by the end f 2012, befre 1999等。
1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2021·61]Yu can't help wndering hw hard it ______ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.句意为：你不禁会想，当时把那些石头放到合适的位置对人们来说是多么困难。根据后面的时间状语then可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
2 [全国甲2021·61]The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry.It ______ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复)．设空处所在句句意为：它修建于唐朝，最初是为了保护这座都城，现在已经被完全修复了。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；主语It指代The Xi'an City Wall，与build之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据the Tang dynasty可知，build这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语为It，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。
3 [全国Ⅰ2020·61]The unmanned Chang'e­4 prbe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—______ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple­Aitken basin.句意为：以中国古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的无人探测器“嫦娥四号”，上周在月球的南极­艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语last week可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填tuched。
单句语法填空6．He had wild black hair with flecks f gray and ______ (wear) a pink shirt and silk slippers.7．In the past few years, Hanfu clubs and scial media platfrms ______ (help) bring the Han clthing back under the sptlight.8．Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she ______ (teach) a class at that time.
was wearing
have helped
will be teaching
单句语法填空9．By the time we gt hme Mark______ (ck) us a wnderful dinner.10．At present, the water system, streets, flk huses and even interir arrangements f the village ______ (preserve) as the primitive cnditins f the ancient village. 11．“An Mia” (meaning seedling prtectin) is a traditinal farming activity f suthern Anhui Prvince that______ (practice) since the early Ming Dynasty.
are preserved
has been practiced
近几年高考对时态和语态的考查更加语境化，题干中多未给出明显的时间状语或标志词，此时考生可根据上下文，认真体会语境，挖掘其隐含信息，弄清时间的先后顺序，从而作出正确的判断。
1 [全国新高考Ⅱ2021·63]Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ______ (be) Alaska Airlines.设空处所在句句意为：我发邮件的最大公司之一是阿拉斯加航空公司。分析句子结构可知，I wrte t为定语从句，主语为One f the biggest cmpanies，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；这里讲述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填was。
2 [全国新高考Ⅰ2020·38]The 80，000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ______ (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which pened in 1759.句意为：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品是1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子成分可知，该空为句子的谓语；根据语境可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填frmed。
3 [全国新高考Ⅰ2020·40]The parts f a museum pen t the public ______ (call) galleries r rms.句意为：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为陈列室。分析句子成分可知，该空为句子的谓语，主语parts为可数名词复数，与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且此处陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填are called。
4 [全国Ⅰ2020·67、68]“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it ______ (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn______ (cnstruct)．”句意为：布朗大学的科学家卡尔·佩特斯说：“这真的让科学家们兴奋不已，因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。”结合语境和上文的This really excites scientists可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故第一空填means。从句主语the mn和cnstruct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且the mn为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故第二空填is cnstructed。
单句语法填空12．Early Chinese petry _________ (influence) by the The Bk f Sngs, and the Chinese pet and statesman Qu Yuan.13．In Peking Opera, white highlights all that is bad in human nature. It ______ (suggest) dishnesty and betrayal (背叛)．14．A few years later, I am back in Virginia where I______ (grw) up.15．The giant panda ______ (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
was influenced
(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时；若主句为一般过去时，则从句也应用相应的过去时态。(2)正确判定主句谓语动词及从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应问题时，考生应熟知以下规则： 如果主句是现在时态或将来时态，则从句可根据语境使用任何时态； 如果主句为过去时态，则从句需用适当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)。
[浙江2019年6月·62]One study in America fund that students' grades ______ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms.句意为：美国的一项研究发现，在学校推行校服制度之后，学生的成绩提高了一些。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作宾语从句的谓语，宾语从句中的时间状语从句after the schl intrduced unifrms的时态为一般过去时，因此宾语从句的时态也应用一般过去时。故填imprved。
单句语法填空16．A German shepherd______ (rescue) frm his previus shelter, where he was ging t be put dwn after a biting incident.17．I suddenly nticed my rm ______ (be) a cmpletely mess, which really annyed me.18．Astrnmers estimate that ne f these relatively small black hles______ (brn) every secnd.19．When yu find the ne thing that yu want t cmmit t, yu______ (becme) fearless t fllw yur dream.
was rescued
英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这种句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。例如：(1)It is the first/secnd/… time that sb.have/has dne…(2)It was the first/secnd/… time that sb.had dne…(3)sb.was/were ding sth.when… did…(4)It's high time that sb.did/shuld d…(5)Hardly/Scarcely had sb.dne sth.when sb.did…(6)N sner had sb.dne sth.than… did…
1　[天津2017·8改编]I ______ (drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.【解析】句意为：我正开车去伦敦，这时我突然发现我走错了路。sb.was/were ding sth.when… did… 为固定句型，意为“某人过去正在做某事，这时……”。因此，主句应用过去进行时，故填was driving。2　[全国Ⅰ 2015·61]　It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn.【解析】句意为：我正好在拂晓前到达阳朔，那时天空正下着小雨。sb.was/were ding sth. when… did… 为固定句式，意为“某人过去正在做某事，这时……”。故填arrived。
单句语法填空20．It was the first time that he______ (visit) the New Castal Area f Tianjin, and he was s impressed by its fast develpment.21．I was sitting in my rm and my cat Smartie was n my lap when the rf f my rm______ (blw) away.
had visited
主谓一致遵循的原则有语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，主要考点如下：(1)动名词、不定式等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)主语后带有with，alng with，tgether with, as well as, but等词或短语连接的成分时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。(3)由either… r…， neither… nr…， nt nly… but als…， r等连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数和与它最近的主语保持一致。(4)集体名词作主语时，要根据主语所表示的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。(5)“分数/百分数/the rest/the majrity…＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于f后名词的数及其所表示的意义。
1　[全国新高考Ⅰ2020·41]Often, nly a small part f a museum's cllectin ______ (be) n display.【解析】句意为：通常，只有一小部分博物馆的藏品会被展出。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语，本句陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时；“a part f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于f后的名词是单数还是复数，根据cllectin可知，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。2　[全国Ⅱ2020·62]This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers ______ (carry) special significance.【解析】句意为：这就是为什么用植物、水果和花卉进行装饰承载着特殊的重要意义。分析句子成分可知，本句包含why引导的表语从句，设空处为从句的谓语动词；且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句的主语为动名词短语decrating with plants, fruits and flwers，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。
单句语法填空22．Because the number f pssible tpics ______ (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting applicatins.23．Amng them ______ (be) ne cmmunity in Flrida where lcal peple and gvernment fficials are prving successful in prtecting castal cities frm the dangers f rising sea levels.24．The rles in Peking Opera include the male rle, female rle, painted­face male rle, and cmedic male rle. Besides, there ______ (be) ther supprting rles as well.
易混：有无冠词意义不同的搭配
at the table 在桌旁（不一定在吃饭）at table 在用餐at the schl 在学校里（不一定是上学）at schl 在上学；在学校里读书in the prisn 在监狱里（不一定是罪犯）in prisn 坐牢in the ffice 在办公室里in ffice 在职by the sea 在海边by sea 乘船（由海路）
by the day 按天by day 在白天in the frnt f… 在……（内部的）前面in frnt f… 在……（外部的）前面ut f the questin 不可能ut f questin 毫无疑问in the charge f… 在……的掌管之下in charge f 负责；掌管in the pssessin f… 为……所拥有in pssessin f… 拥有……in the sight f… 在……看来(in sight f 能看见)take the place f 代替(take place （尤指经过计划或安排后）发生)
单句填空1．With a clrful grup f dancers, a wide range f music and ______ atmsphere f fun and celebratin, the carnival is nt t be missed.2．As ______rmantic pet, sme f his pems, like Ode t the West Wind and T a Skylark, are amng the mst famus in English.3．As with all ther natinal museums in ______United Kingdm, it charges n admissin fee. 4．Last year a jurnalist was instructed by a well­knwn magazine t write ______article n the president's palace.
5.“Althugh it's mre pssible fr the chimpanzees t leave t the faster music, they did nt shw ______ actual preference fr the slwer classical music，” said Wallace.6．In shrt, I believe that it is f great use t keep a diary in English fr ______ develpment f ur writing skills.7．Frm tiny street stands t large chains, ______ amazing number f peple use mbile payment, mstly thrugh ppular apps Alipay and WeChat.8．Venice is ______ small waterside city in nrtheast Italy.
9．Frm the aspects f culture and histry, the Great Wall is______ancient masterpiece that yu can fully enjy.10．I frget what happened afterward, but fr that brief perid, we tw vastly different species cnnected, bridging ______ gap between us thrugh sngs.
Many students want t find friends n the Internet as a way f practicing their language skills and learning __1__ different cultures. With the Internet, finding friends has been much __2__ (easy) and such relatinship is called keypals. Hwever, yu shuld take care when __3__ (find) friends n the Internet.First, lk fr reviews f the sites yu have chsen __4__ (learn) mre abut ther students' experiences. Dn't use any service until yu __5__ (d) yur research.