新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1千变万化的动词第1讲谓语动词课件

这是一份新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1千变万化的动词第1讲谓语动词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了第一讲　谓语动词，考点分层演练，一　动词的时态，were　，will earn，was fixing，feels，has walked，had，been等内容，欢迎下载使用。

语法专题突破
专题一　千变万化的动词
第一讲　谓语动词
考点分层演练
阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的时态、语态。I am Li Fan, chairman of the Students' union. I am writing①to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus: littering and scribbling. It has been making② our school dirty and unpleasant. I always feel③ ashamed whenever I see③ this. It is③ clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. Last week, the Students' union held④ a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems. We were having⑤ a heated discussion
一　动词的时态
when our headmaster came④ and joined④ us. After the meeting, the headmaster said④ that the school had made⑥ efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would be placed⑦ around. Recently, the Students' Union has set up⑧ specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, all of us should develop good habits and behave ourselves. We believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become⑨ a more enjoyable place in the near future.
①是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。表示现在正在发生的动作。②是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。③是一般现在时，结构为：be动词：am/is/are；行为动词：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。表示现在的状态，还可表示现在经常性或习惯性动作。④是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
⑤是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。⑥是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。⑦是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语 dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。⑧是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。
一、词形变化在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。
二、核心考点高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查(常在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查)。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是9种。1．一般现在时(am/is/are；动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式)(1)常常表示人现在的习惯或现在经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。
(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。2．一般过去时(过去式)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，the other day等时间状语连用。He arrived at school at 9：00 a．m. yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。
(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。I didn't pass the exam，which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。3．一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者强调主观看法，表示主语打算、计划等决定要做的事要用is/am/are going to＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用。It is said that he will retire next month.据说他将于下月卸任。
4．现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作；也可以表示当时一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有now，at present, this week等。Mother is waiting for me.母亲在等我。What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？(2)代替一般将来时，表示即将发生的动作。动词一般多为表示位置转移的动词。如：go, come, leave, arrive等。
5．过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词)(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语then，at that time等。I was doing my lessons then.那时我在做功课。(2)代替过去将来时，表示过去即将发生的动作。He said he was coming to see me.他说他要来看我。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _______(be)previously unprotected. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) If an essay is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it ____________(earn) a zero.③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry _____________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.
were　
will earn
was fixing
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you ______________(look) for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it_______ (feel) great to have done something useful.
are looking
feels
6．现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词)(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I'm sorry，but I don't quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?—Sorry，I haven't made myself clear.We want to return on October 20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。
(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for＋一段时间，up to now，until now，ever since，so far，recently，lately，in the past/last few years等。I have learned about two hundred English words in the past three hours.在过去的3小时里我已经学了大约200个英语单词了。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It has been＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/It is the first/second...time that＋现在完成时This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时This is the first time that I have made a speech.这是我第一次做演讲。It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
7．过去完成时 (had＋过去分词)(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。用在by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.他们刚从房子里跑出来房子就烧塌了。
(3)hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He hesitated and then said he ______________ (decide) not to run.③No sooner ______ we _______(be) seated than the bus started.④(2021·广东六校联考)The master carpenter ____________ (draw)over 1.18 million subscribers so far on the Internet. ⑤As is reported, the number of smokers ______________ (drop) by 17 percent in just one year thanks to the push of health knowledge.
has walked
had decided
had
been
has drawn
has dropped
8．过去将来时(should/would＋动词原形)表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。She said she would retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。I wondered what my son would say the next moment.我不知道儿子紧接着要说什么。
9．现在完成进行时(have/has＋been＋现在分词)(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。
单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷) With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains ___________ (be)able to react in time.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's good to have a different focus. People ____________________ (bring) their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.
would be
have been bringing
③Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he _________(be) a famous scientist whose theories _____________ (change) the world.④The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________________ (rise) steadily since 1997. ⑤Since then—for all these years—we _____________________(allow) tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
would be
would change
has been rising
have been allowing
阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的语态。Xiao Ming's CellphoneXiao Ming's cellphone was broken① by his father yesterday evening.I couldn't get through to him because the cellphone was being repaired② then.Before this，his cellphone had been broken③ four times because he was careless.Xiao Ming liked cellphone games so much that he didn't study hard.
二　动词的语态
Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays.However，many of them are being used⑤ to play games by teenagers.So far，many questions have been raised⑥by their parents.Should they be used⑦ by students? Xiao Ming's cellphone will be repaired⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have been brought⑨ home and will be being used⑩ to play games again.
①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am/are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。
1．不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。An accident happened on the way home last night and five people were killed.昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。A big fire broke out in our school last week.上周我们学校发生了一场大火。
2．被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。Trees should not be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。The boy was made fun of by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。
3．汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成It is＋done...形式。如：It is said/reported that...据说/据报道……It is well known that...众所周知……It must be pointed out that...必须指出……It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……It is generally considered/supposed/hoped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……
It is generally considered that the key to learning a foreign language well is nothing but practice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.据报告，近一两日气温将明显下降。
4．下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn't contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Your idea sounds wonderful but it isn't practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/require doingThe window wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Your composition still requires polishing to be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。
(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.The clothes washes well.这些衣服很好洗。Her new book was interesting and sold well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。
单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷) Scottish National Portrait Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They ________ (hold) in the Lecture Room. ②(2022·全国甲卷) In a recent experiment, cockatoos ______________ (present) with a box with a nut inside it. ③(2022·全国乙卷)Since April drinks companies _________________ (force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
are held
were presented
have been forced
④ (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which _________________ (grade). ⑤(2022·全国乙卷) That can be dangerous work that could __________ (avoid) with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. ⑥(2021·3月天津)Currently, about 35,000 works __________________(dispaly) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
will be graded
be avoided
are being displayed
⑦(2021·1月浙江)It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___________(consider) healthy.⑧A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ___________________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
is considered
had been
trapped
1．掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)时间基点为现在，题干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如用tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如用now，at present等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six o'clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如用at this time tomorrow，from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如用so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。
2．熟记固定句型中的时态(1)be doing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3．分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。
1．语法一致原则I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven't① seen each other for a long time.To see her every day is② my dream.What I want to do is③ give up my present job and work in her city.However，all my relatives except my uncle are against④ my idea.Someone tells⑤ me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every month.
三　主谓一致
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。
⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
2．意义一致原则I have been travelling on a budget for four months.Four months is① not a short time.Though a large number of people don't② understand me，the majority of people I met on my way are③ friendly.The old don't④ support my crazy behaviour，but the young admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ worried about me，but now they have been used to this.①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
③the majority of，the rest of，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示一类物时，谓语动词用单数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
3．就近一致原则There are① many girls having a taste for sweet food，but neither my sister nor I am② interested in candies.①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。②由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．若主语中有more than one 或many a/an ，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more＋复数名词＋than one作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。More persons than one come to help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。
3．形复意单名词如：news；以－ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；以及the United Nations联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷) Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood _____ (be) of great importance. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) I used to keep hens when I ______ (be) younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.③(2022·浙江卷) New researchers found that middle-aged women who _______ (be) physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life.
is
was
were
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I looked around and finally spotted David, who ______ (be) standing by himself off to the side by a fence. ⑤(2022·全国乙卷) Initially the sugar tax ________________ (expect) to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.⑥The teacher and poet often ________(give) lectures around the city.⑦Nobody but Jim and Mike _____(be) on the playground now.⑧As far as I know，his family _____ not very large but the family ______ all music lovers.(be)⑨The poor _______(be) looked down upon in the old days.⑩Neither his parents nor I __________(be) able to persuade him to change his mind.
was
was expected
gives
is
is
are
were
am/was
1．找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2．牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3．注意结合时态和语态。
1．can/couldMary—M　 Nancy—NM：Can① you read this word?N：Sorry，I can't①.M：Can/Could② I use your dictionary?N：Of course you can③，but wait a minute.Where is my dictionary?M：Can④ it be in your dormitory?N：No，it can't④ be.I never study in my dormitory.
四　情态动词
M：Could you have lent⑤ it to your deskmate?N：No，my deskmate couldn't have borrowed⑤ a dictionary because he hates English.It might be in Jane's desk，but I can't⑥ touch her books without permission.M：An organized person can⑦ forget things.
can/could的意义及用法①can表能力，意为“能够”。②can表请求，could 表示委婉语气。③can表许可。④can表推测，意为“可能”，常用于疑问句/否定句。⑤couldn't have done 意为“不可能做过某事”，Could sb./sth.have done...? 意为“某人/某物可能做过某事吗？”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can't 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。
2．may/mightMike—M　Teacher—TM：May/Might① I come in?T：Yes，you may②.You're almost late，and where is your deskmate?M：Hmm，I don't know.He may/might③ be on the way to school.T：He might③ be；that is，he might not③ be on his way to school.Mike，you may as well④ tell me the truth.Why hasn't he come yet?M：He might have stayed⑤ up late last night，and he might not have set⑤ the alarm clock.
may/might的意义及用法①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well“还是……好”。⑤might have done表示对过去的猜测，意为“可能做了某事”。might not have done意为“可能没做某事”。
3．mustJane—J　Mother—MJ：Mom，must① I take this medicine?M：Yes，you must①.J：Must① I take it right now?M：No，you needn't②.You can take it later.J：But it must be③ bitter.M：I've told you to wear your coat，but you must④ wear your T-shirt.Besides，you must have played⑤ outdoors.You mustn't⑥ do it again.
must的意义及用法①must表必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn't。③must be表示对现在的猜测，只用于肯定句。④must表示非要，偏偏。⑤must have done 表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn't 表示禁止意为“不可以”，不表示推测。
4．shouldBoss—B　Jane—J　Steven—SB：It's nine now and everyone should① be here.Where is Steven? He should have arrived② ten minutes ago.J：Really strange，I can't imagine Mr. Punctual should③ be late for work.B：Here he comes.Why are you late，Steven?S：I'm terribly sorry，sir. I shouldn't have drunk② too much coffee yesterday evening.I kept my eyes open until four o'clock in the morning.B：A person like you shouldn't drink④ too much coffee，tea either.S：Yes，I ought to be punctual as usual.
should的意义及用法①表示推测，意思为“按理说应当”。②should have done 意为“过去本应做而没做”，shouldn't have done表示“过去本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表“竟然”。④should (not) do sth.＝ought (not) to do sth.“(不)应该做某事”。
5．shallMan—M　Woman—WM：Hi，where are you going?W：I shall① go to New York.M：Me too！Oh，your suitcase is heavy. Shall② I carry it for you，Miss？(carrying the suitcase to the woman's seat and sitting beside the woman)W：Thank you for helping me，but it's required that everyone shall③ sit on his own seat.M：It doesn't matter.W：Stay away from me，or I will call the police.You shall④ be sorry for what you do.Sir，I need your help.(waving to a policeman)
shall的意义及用法①用于第一人称，表将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表请求。③用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
6．need/dareMike—M　Jack—JM：Do you dare to take① your cellphone to the examination?J：No，I dare not do② it；I needn't do③ it either.M：You study well，so you don't need to cheat④.I am different.J：Stop thinking about cheating，and you can't get away with it.You need to⑤ study hard.No pains，no gains.
need/dare的意义及用法•dare和need在作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法第②和③。•dare和need作实意动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果构成疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加to do。如用法第①④⑤。•其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。
7．will/wouldTom—T　Mary—MM：How about the new watch?T：I will① never use it any more.It just won't② give the correct time.M：Hush！Grandma is sleeping.She will③ have a nap at this time these days.T：At nine o' clock in the morning？She would/used to④ have a nap in the afternoon.M：The phone is ringing，but I am busy with my work.T：Okay，I will⑤ answer it.
will/would的意义及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/used to表示过去的习惯。⑤表示临时起意。
1．用于固定习语中：can't... too/enough (无论……也不过分；越……越好)You can't be too careful when crossing a busy street.＝You can't be careful enough when crossing a busy street.你横穿马路的时候，再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。
2．情态动词＋have done
用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加not)①(2022·全国甲卷) In humans, babies ______ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes. ②(2022·全国甲卷) Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules ______ seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.
can
may
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students _______ be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion. ④(2022·全国乙卷) The one in the new environment _________ be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. ⑤(2021·3月天津)It used to be that you ________drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
must
should
could
⑥Everyone present will not believe such a gentleman _________ do that.⑦You ___________ play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.⑧You ________ be punished for what you have done.⑨It _______ have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy.⑩I ___________ have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.
should
mustn't
shall
must
needn't
1．wish/would rather/as if/if onlyMr. Zhang—Z　Mr. Wang—W(Beside the river，Mr. Zhang and Mr. Wang are quivering as if they were① in cold winter.)Z：I wish I had① something hot to drink.W：I would rather I hadn't invited② you to go out.Z：How big a fish! If only I had caught② it.W：If only you hadn't fallen② into the river! If only we had① dry clothes now! Now I wish your wife wouldn't blame③ this on me.
五　虚拟语气
as if/though好像，wish希望，would rather宁可，宁愿，if only要是……就好了，这四组词后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在(以及would rather对将来)的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might＋动词原形(would rather除外)。
2．条件状语从句中的虚拟语气Mr. Zhang—Z　Wife—W(in the hospital)Z：What fine weather! If I were not ill，I would go fishing.①W：If you hadn't gone fishing yesterday，you wouldn't have caught a cold.②Z：I would have stayed at home，but Mr. Wang invited me to go.③ He told me to hurry，otherwise I wouldn't have forgotten to wear warm coats.④W：Is it all Lao Wang's fault? But for/Without Mr. Wang，you would have been drowned.⑤
Z：Had it not been for the big fish，I wouldn't have fallen into the water.⑥ I'd catch it if I should recover tomorrow.⑦•①②⑦为if条件句引导的虚拟语气，从句和主句的结构为：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/might do...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋had done...，主语＋would/could/should/might have done...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/were to do...，主语＋would/could/should/might do...
•⑥为条件虚拟语气句的省略与倒装，结构为：Had＋主语＋done，主语＋would (not)have done...Were＋主语＋to do/Should＋主语＋do，主语＋would do...•③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，结构如下：主语＋would have done...，but 过去的事实主语＋would do...，but 现在的事实without/but for＋n.，主语＋would do(与现在相反)without/but for＋n.，主语＋would have done (与过去相反)现在的事实，otherwise/or＋主语＋would do过去的事实，otherwise/or＋主语＋would have done
3．名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气Yesterday，Mike insisted that he hadn't cheated in the exam with the cellphone and that he should not be punished.①The teacher ordered that he should take out the cellphone and commanded that he should phone his parents right now.①Mike requested that the teacher should not call his parents.① He demanded that the teacher should give him another chance.①The teacher said it was required that students should not take cellphones to school.② Her suggestion/advice was that Mike should study hard instead of cheating in the exams.③ It is high time that he should prepare for the college entrance examination.④
•某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用含有should的虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。•上述动词用于It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句时，从句使用带should的虚拟语气，如②。•上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句用含有should的虚拟语气，如③。•It is high/about time that sb.did/should do sth.也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。
4．It is＋adj.＋that sb.should do...English teacher：It is important/essential/necessary that you should learn English well.Student：Why？As a Chinese，I think it is strange that I should learn English well.某些It is/was＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，这类形容词包括 important，essential，necessary，strange 等等。
1．当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。The old man insisted that he was not ill and that he should not be sent to hospital.这个老人坚持认为他没有病，坚持要求他不应该被送到医院。
2．错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。If you had listened to the teacher yesterday，you wouldn't suffer so much now.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。
单句语法填空①The Antarctica is so mystically described by some people.If only I ___________(be) there before!②Our only request is that this ________________________(settle) as soon as possible.③I believe he must have had an accident；otherwise he ____________________(arrive) on time.
had been
(should) be settled
would have
arrived
④If it ____________________________(rain) tomorrow，they would not go out for a picnic.⑤If you ____________(take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exam.
should rain/were to rain/rained
had taken
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
考点分层演练
层级一　基础达标练单句语法填空1．It is the first time that my son __________(meet) Zhong Nanshan，the renowned Chinese hero face to face.解析：考查动词的时态。It is the first time that＋sb.have/has done sth.，这是某人第几次做某事。所以答案为现在完成时，且主语为my son。故填has met。
has met
2．The girl ________(shake) her head happily，and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground.解析：考查动词的时态。根据下文“and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground”时态是过去时，前后时态应该一致，所以用过去时。故填shook。3．The father as well as his kids ________________(discuss) where to spend the weekend now.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语now可知，此处用现在进行时态。主语是The father，所以用单数。故填is discussing。
shook
is discussing
4．When fat and salt ______________(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意，此处为客观事实，所以用一般现在时，且主语为fat and salt，谓语动词为复数。主语fat and salt与remove为被动关系。故填are removed。
are removed
5．The day after tomorrow，I，as well as my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua，_____(be) going to buy books.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：后天，我和我的朋友张明和李华将会去买书。根据句意和题干可知此处为be going to句型，as well as连接两个主语，谓语动词应和前面的I保持一致。故填am。
am
6．Either the beautiful views of this modern city or its local custom ________________(attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：无论是这座现代化城市的美丽景色还是当地的风俗习惯在过去的这些年都已经吸引了成千上万的游客。由“during the past years”可知，这句话使用现在完成时。“either...or...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词形式遵循“就近一致”原则，its local custom是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。
has attracted
7．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which _______(be) saved for other purposes.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。which指代先行词materials。当the rest在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词，如果名词是不可数名词，用单数。如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。本句中的materials是可数名词复数形式。故填were。
were
8．On the stage ______(be) a number of famous singers，whose songs are welcomed by the majority of young people.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：有许多著名的歌手在舞台上，他们的歌曲受大多数年轻人的喜欢。a number of修饰可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数，从“whose songs are welcomed by...”可知用一般现在时。故填are。
are
9．If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌词) _____________(speak) in the background of the songs.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。notice后是一个由how引导的宾语从句，该从句中缺谓语，而且the lyrics与动词speak之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。根据语境可知这里讲的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时。故填are spoken。
are spoken
10．Jenny _________ have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.解析：考查情态动词。句意：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变了主意。根据后一句“I wonder why she changed her mind.”可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，should have done sth.过去“本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。故填should。
should
11．According to a newly released regulation on online video services，no one ________ generate，release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.解析：考查情态动词。句意：根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章，任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。根据前面的regulation(规定)可知，本题填入shall更加合理。故填shall。
shall
12．Every coin has two sides.Beautiful songs，sometimes，______ just be noise to others.解析：考查情态动词。句意：任何事物都有两面性。优美的歌曲有时候对别人来说也许是噪音。分析句子可知，此处应该表示可能的推测。故填may。13．My computer didn't start this morning.There _______ have been something wrong with it.解析：考查情态动词。句意：我的电脑今早怎么也启动不了了。一定是出了什么问题。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测。故填must。
may
must
14．What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, _____ they ___________ (not，come) back to save their child.解析：考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾！如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句应为：if they hadn't come...，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首，从句可写成“had they not come...”。故填had；not come。
had
not come
15．He would _____________(like) to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics，but there were a large number of competitors，and Edwards didn't qualify.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但参赛者众多，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwards didn't qualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“would have done”虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意思是“本来会做”。故填have liked。
have liked
层级二　高考真题练单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ______________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”．
is designed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
threw
3．(2022·浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _____________________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.解析：考查动词的被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的事情来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
is viewed/has been viewed
4．(2022·浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ______(be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ___________(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数。故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change。故填changing。
are
changing
5．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists ________________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since＋过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时。故填have promised。
have promised
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it ______(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：你不禁要问，当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难。根据时间状语then，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为it。故填was。
was
7．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of ＋ 形容词最高级 ＋ 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
was
8．(2021·浙江卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, __________________________ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
has proved/have proven
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have＋过去分词；主语Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/has proven。
9．(2021·浙江卷) Mary's niece wrote, “The little home ____________(paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.”解析：考查动词的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据下文的was，loved可知，此处也为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were＋过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
was painted
10．(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______(sell)most of their furniture.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语in 1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
sold
11．(2021·浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ______ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(gain)是单数，时态是一般过去时。故填was。
was
12．(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—__________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时。故填touched。
touched
13．(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____________ (construct)．”
means
is constructed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数。故填is constructed。
14．(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
carries
15．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would ____________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.解析：考查动词的语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
be chosen
16．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and __________ (point) down the river.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
pointed
17．(2020·山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
formed
18．(2020·山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public_________ (call) galleries or rooms.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语the parts与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
are called
19．(2020·山东卷)Often, only a small part of a museum's collection _____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
is
20．(2020·浙江卷)By about 6000 BC，people _________________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用谓语动词。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。“by ＋ 过去时间”译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
had discovered
21．(2019·江苏)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we _________________(have) a good time together.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据关键词or可知应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋have done。故填would have had。
would have had
22．(2018·天津)I can't find my purse.I _________________________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.解析：考查情态动词。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，因此用“情态动词＋have done”，再根据后句but I'm not sure可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，所以用could/might have done。故填could/might have left。
could/might have left
23．(2018·北京)In today's information age，the loss of data ______ cause serious problems for a company.解析：考查情态动词。can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。故填can。24．(2018·北京)They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语形式以及语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。故填had driven。
can
had driven
25．(2018·江苏)It's strange that he _________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.解析：考查情态动词。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合语境。 故填should。
should
层级三　语篇提能练语法填空Passage 1　时态与主谓一致篇The first zoo ________________________(establish) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor _____________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.
1.was established
2.built
Some of the early European zoos ______________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos ______________________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and _____________________(keep) in good condition. These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s，scientists __________________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos ____________________________________(try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos ________________(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.
3.consisted
4.were replaced
5.(were) kept
6.understood
7.have tried/have been trying　
8.to save
Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and ________________________(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs ___________________(play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园是怎样产生的，先是有权势的人建造了属于自己的动物园，后是建动物园是为了研究动物。
9.(are) watched
10.are playing
解析：1．考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语around 3,500 years ago可知是过去时态。主语The first zoo和谓语动词establish 是被动关系。故填 was established。2．考查动词的时态。句中five hundred years later是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式。故填 built。3．考查动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式。故填consisted。
4．考查动词的时态和语态。主语the zoos和谓语动词replace 为被动关系，并且是过去时态。故填were replaced。5．考查动词的时态和语态。animals 与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were。故填(were) kept。6．考查动词的时态。as early as the 1940s是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式。故填 understood。7．考查动词的时态。时间状语为since then，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying。
8．考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事。故填to save。9．考查动词的时态和语态。主语animals和谓语动词watch 是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系。故填(are) watched。10．考查动词的时态。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时。故填are playing。
Passage 2　情态动词和虚拟语气篇I ________________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ______________(dance) as well as her.No one ___________ be compared with her in dancing.Jack is more of a talker than a doer.Teachers always tell him it's high time that he _____________________(do) something instead of just talking.Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，I _______________ say “Ni Hao” to them.Teachers recommend that parents _______________________________(not，allow) their children
1.needn't
2.danced
3.can
4.did/should do
5.will
6.(should) not allow
under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students ____________ obey school rules.Every student must wear school uniform while at school.If a student _______________(not) wear school uniform，he would be punished immediately.According to the rules，students _____________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my imagination that students here ________________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中介绍了作者来到一所新学校的情况，以及学校的一些规定。
7.must　
8.didn't
9.shall
10.should
解析：1．考查情态动词。因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。故填needn't。2．考查虚拟语气。我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在相反。故填danced。3．考查情态动词。没有人像她跳得一样好。表示能力要用can。故填can。4．考查虚拟语气。It is high time that＋sb.should do/did sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了。故填did/should do。
5．考查情态动词。每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。故填will。6．考查虚拟语气。recommend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) not allow。7．考查情态动词。学生必须要服从校规。must 表示强制。故填must。8．考查虚拟语气。如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用would do，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件从句中用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。故填didn't。
9．考查情态动词。根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。故填shall。10．考查情态动词。我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 should在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。故填should。