2022-2023初中英语基础知识大全-非谓语动词

这是一份2022-2023初中英语基础知识大全-非谓语动词，共5页。
初中英语基础知识非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词的概述与分类一般说来动词在句子当中充当的是谓语的成分,而非谓语动词正如其名,是在句中不用作谓语的动词形式.非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式.我们目前要熟练掌握的动词的非谓语形式主要是动名词和动词不定式两类.(二)动名词动名词由“动词原形加-ing”构成,同现在分词的构成方法一样,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语.1.作主语Eating too many candies are bad for your teeth.吃太多的糖果对你的牙齿不好.Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要.有时动名词用it先行词代替,而把动名词写在后面.如:It's no use talking with him.和他说是没用的.It's no good sitting here.坐在这里是没有好处的.2.作宾语有些动词可以用动名词来当宾语,这些动词有like, begin, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, keep等.如:I like reading books.我喜欢读书.Stop doing that! 别干了！3.作表语My hobby is dancing.我的兴趣是跳舞.Seeing is believing.眼见为实.4.作定语I am in the sitting room.我在起居室里.He is reading newspaper in the reading room,他在阅览室读报纸.5.动名词的完成时动名词的完成时表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生.其构成是“having＋动词的过去分词”,经常用在谓语动词 regret, remember等后面.如:Do you still remember having promised to buy me a sent?你还记得许诺给我买个礼物吗?I regret a lot having sent him that letter.我非常后悔给他发了那封信.6.动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式在动名词和主语是被动关系时使用.如:I hate being looked down upon by others.我讨厌被人看不起.She likes being called“ beauty”.她喜欢被叫作“美女”.(三)动词的不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,可以充当除谓语以外的其他任何成分,在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用.1.作主语To play football well is not an easy thing.要踢好足球是不容易的.To get up early is good for your health.早起有益于健康.如果不定式太长,可以把充当主语的不定式放在后面,用it当形式主语.如:It takes five hours to go to Beijing by train.去北京要坐5个小时的火车.It's very kind of you to help us during our visit.拜访期间你帮助了我们那么多,真是太好了.2.作表语To see is to believe.眼见为实.Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.我们的任务是要保持教室的干净整洁.3.作定语I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你.如果这个不定式由不及物动词构成,则后面必须加上相对应的介词.如:She owns no room to live in.她没有房子住.There is nothing to worry about.没什么好担心的.4.作宾语某些及物动词可用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等.I've decided to move to this hotel.我已经决定搬来这家宾馆住.He wants to win the biggest prize this year.今年他想拿到最大的那个奖.5.作宾语补足语Please ask him to bring my book here.请让他把我的书带来.6.作状语You are too young to go to school.(结果状语)你太小了,不能上学.We went to the middle school to visit our teachers.(目的状语)我们去中学拜访了我们的老师.7.带疑问词的不定式疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使用“动词＋疑问词＋to”的形式.Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做.疑问词带不定式在句中充当成分时,谓语动词用单数.The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施.8.Why not+不带to的不定式不定式还可用在引导疑问句的why not之后.“Why not+不带to的不定式”是Why don't you do的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告.如:Why not go with us?为什么不和我们一起去呢?9.for+逻辑主语十不定式不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for+逻辑主语＋不定式.如:It's necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的.10.not+to+动词原形“not+ to+动词原形”是动词不定式的否定形式.It's unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平.11.可以省略to的不定式在一些动词后面,不定式中的to是可以省略的.这些动词有:(1)情态动词(除ought外).(2)let, have, make.(3)感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等(不定式在其后作宾补,省略to).注意:若是在被动语态中则to不能省掉.I saw him dance.(＝He was seen to dance.)The boss made them work the whole night.(＝They were made to work the whole night.)(4)would rather, had better.(5)help(可带to,也可不带to, help sb.(to) do sth.).(6)but和except: but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式.(7)discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等(其后可以省去to be).如:He is supposed(to be)nice.他应该是个好人.另外,由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去.(四)动名词与不定式用法的区别1.在remember, forget, regret后面remember, forget, regret等词后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作;后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作.如:I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他.You remember to close the door.你记得去关门.2.“stop+动名词”与“stop+不定式”“stop+动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作,“stop＋不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作.如:Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟.Let's stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息吧.3.既能跟动名词也能跟不定式的动词能跟动名词和不定式的动词有 love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, start 等.表示习惯的、一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式.动名词表达的是状态、性质、心境、抽象、经常性、已发生的;不定式表达的是目的、结果、原因、具体、一次性、将发生的.4.用动名词与用不定式语义不同的词组stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingregret to doregret doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to doafraid of doinginterested to dointerested in doingmean to domean doingbegin/start to dobegin/start doing  5.表示“值得”的动名词与不定式的用法worth, worthy, worthwhile都为形容词,意为“值得”.(1)be worth doing sth.“某事值得做”.如:The question is not worth discussing again and again.这个问题不值得一遍遍地讨论.(2)be worthy to be done“(某事)值得被做”.(3)worthwhile“值得······的”.be worthwhile to do sth.“值得做某事”it is worthwhile doing sth.