湖南省郴州市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份湖南省郴州市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

郴州市2022年上学期期末教学质量监测试卷
高一英语（试题卷）
第一部分 考试听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why did the man move to Canada?
A. To work there. B. To stay with his family. C. To go to a better school.
2. What’s the man asking the woman for?
A. A walk. B. A dinner. C. A ride.
3. Who is Max maybe?
A. A guitar player. B. An actor. C. A football player.
4. How does the man feel about going to see a dentist?
A. Frightened. B. Excited. C. Disappointed.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Different colors. B. A picture. C. flowers.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why does the boy want to buy a washing machine?
A. There isn’t one in the dormitory building.
B. He is tired of using the shared ones.
C. The old one is broken.
7. How often does the girl do laundry?
A. At least once a month. B. At least once a week. C. At least twice a week.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers doing?
A. Buying new clothes. B. Packing for vacation. C. Preparing to move.
9. How does the boy feel about his things?
A. They still mean a lot to him. B. They are still useful to him. C. They are too old to him.
10. What will the boy do with his old stuff?
A. He will donate them. B. He will throw them out. C. He will take them with him.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Old friends. C. Business partners.
12. Where does the woman work now?
A. At a school. B. At a restaurant. C. At a travel agency.
13. What are the speakers going to do next?
A. Watch a film. B. Have a coffee. C. Attend a meeting.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where are the speakers?
A. At an office. B. At a restaurant. C. At the woman’s house.
15. What is the woman’s favorite food?
A. Mexican. B. Italian. C. Chinese.
16. What does the woman say about her grandmother?
A. She owns a restaurant. B. She is originally from Asia. C. She can make excellent food.
17. When does the man need to be back?
A. By 1:00. B. By 2:30. C. By 2:00.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What was the second stage of the new design?
A. Protecting the backpack from water.
B. Making the backpack lightweight.
C. Adding a strong bottom.
19. How many electronic items can the backpack charge at once?
A. Three. B. Six. C. Nine.
20. What is included in the backpack?
A. Extra batteries. B. A pair of gloves. C. Space for shoes.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Food festivals are common in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times. Whatever your taste, there’s a food festival to match.
Meatopia
This three-day, London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover’s paradise. In addition to a range of meat products, from juicy burgers to tender steaks, attendees can listen to live music, watch butchery demonstrations, and attend informal meat-based workshops.
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth, then it could be that the National Honey Show, which started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind, is the place for you to be. This three-day event attracts many local entries that show their sweet golden honey, some of which is sold globally.
The Orange Sauce Festival
Held in Cambria, this sweet, fragrant festival has been running for 3 years. What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce. There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe, bringing their local snacks to share here.
The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival
If you’d prefer something with a little more kick to it, then you could attend The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton. Unlike other food festivals, it celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger. Because of this, they specialize in baking gingerbread, but also sell a range of traditional spices from mild to hot.
1. What’s the common point between Meatopia and the National Honey Show?
A. Both of them originated from London. B. Both of them last for three days.
C. Both of them hold workshops. D. Both of them have a long history.
2. If you want to taste different foreign food, which festival is your first option?
A. The Meatopia. B. The National Honey Show.
C. The Orange Sauce Festival. D. The Ginger and Spice Festival.
3. What makes the Ginger and Spice Festival different from the others?
A. It only sells spicy food.
B. The food is cooked by Robert Clive.
C. The ginger used in the festival is from India.
D. It is concerned with a historic figure.


The moment that Jiang Mengnan received the Touching China Person of the Year Award for 2021, she said she most wanted to express her gratitude to her parents. Born in 1992 in Yizhang county, Hunan Province, Jiang’s world has been silent since she was 6 months old, when some drugs she was given damaged her hearing. So, Jiang’s parents, both middle school teachers, taught her to learn vocalization and lip reading.
Jiang put her hands on the throats of her parents when they talked and felt the vibration (震动) of the vocal cords (声带) to learn to speak. When reading Pinyin, she carefully looked at the lips of other people’s pronunciations to know the formation of each syllable. Mastering a single word can take at least 1,000 practice attempts for Jiang. Furthermore, different people had different mouth movements, which added difficulty to her social contacts and school life when it came to lip reading.
Through lip reading and self-study, she was able to keep up with learning and was accepted by Jilin University School of Pharmacy with a high score of 615 on the college entrance examination. In 2018, she was accepted as a PhD candidate at Tsinghua University’s School of Life Sciences.
Jiang’s story is one of victory over adversity. More importantly, she is helping inspire disabled children in her native Hunan Province and beyond to struggle for success. Because of her hearing loss, she couldn’t be a doctor. Instead, she chose pharmacy (药剂学) to help reduce people’s pain and assist their recovery. Another crucial way she aims to contribute is by teaching children in similar situations not to be limited by their disability. As often as she can, Jiang visits special education schools and meets with students. She tells them to do their best to achieve as much as a so-called healthy person.
She stressed that people with disabilities have no need to feel discouraged, as they can do the same or even better than non-disabled people around them. When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes that all challenges are gifts.
4. What causes Jiang to lose her hearing?
A. She had a genetic disease. B. She suffered from a high fever.
C. She was injured in a car accident. D. She took a harmful medicine.
5. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Jiang’s advice on mastering pronunciation skills.
B. Jiang’s experiences of language learning.
C. Jiang’s attempts to overcome social anxiety.
D. Jiang’s success in the college entrance examination.
6. In what way does Jiang help disabled children?
A. By investing money in building schools for them.
B. By treating them with free medicine as a doctor.
C. By teaching them to learn lip reading.
D. By encouraging them to overcome difficulties.
7. What does Jiang’s story tell us?
A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Hard work pays off.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Actions speak louder than words.


Tropical (热带的) rainforests are disappearing at a surprising rate, and according to a new report by Rainforest Foundation Norway, humans are to blame. The world’s dependence on coal, farming, soy, palm oil and mining has resulted in two-thirds of Earth’s tropical rainforests being completely destroyed.
Tropical rainforests once covered 14.5 million square kilometers of Earth’s surface, but now, just one-third of that remains undamaged. Of the original area tropical rainforests once occupied, 34% is completely gone and 30% is suffering from damage. All that remains is roughly 9.5 million square kilometers, and 45% of that is in a poor state, the report says.
Researchers blame human consumption for the loss. While agriculture has always been a main factor of rainforest loss, the report said that energy consumption, international trade and the production of beans and palm oil, logging (伐木) and mining have been the largest threats over the past century. A significant number of U.S. products rely on resources from tropical rainforests. The country heavily relies on palm oil, rubber and cocoa, all of which come from forests around the world.
Tropical rainforests are home to more than half of the Earth’s biodiversity and have more carbon in living organisms than any other ecosystem. Along with supporting significant animal life, tropical rainforests are also necessary for slowing down global warming. “We expect that upcoming UN climate and biodiversity summits (峰会) provide specific targets and measures to protect tropical rainforests,” said Anders Krogh, who wrote the report.
The researchers also believe that the loss of tropical rainforests puts the whole world at the risk of future pandemics (流行病). The outbreak of COVID-19 should bring rainforest protection to the top of the agenda of all policy makers.
8. What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 2?
A. The severe destruction of rainforests.
B. The forest coverage rate on Earth.
C. The process of rainforest loss.
D. The reason for the disappearance of rainforests.
9. What’s the purpose of mentioning America’s dependence on rainforest resources?
A. To emphasize the effects of farming on tropical rainforests.
B. To display the richness of rainforest resources.
C. To show human’s consumption of rainforest resources.
D. To explain the relationship between humans and nature.
10. Which one will be influenced by the decline of tropical rainforests according to Paragraph 4?
A. Global climate. B. Human diet.
C. Economic development. D. Social structure.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How to Protect Rainforests B. Reduce Human Consumption
C. Tropical Rainforests are Disappearing D. Rainforests and Global Warming


The food people eat is often brought in from miles away and stored using traditional cooling systems before the products hit store shelves. Ice is the most common cooling method that is used. When ice melts, it’s not reusable. Luxin Wang, one of the project’s leaders, saw the massive amounts of unrecyclable ice being used to store the fish at a fishing processing plant and the cross-contamination (交叉污染) that melted water could spread among products or down the drain. This inspired her to look for a sustainable solution. The team got to work and created what they refer to as “jelly ice cubes”.
The ice cubes can take on various shapes and sizes and withstand temperature and pressure changes. That means that the jelly ice cubes won’t melt in hotter temperatures but rather the technology will change colors to indicate that the ice cube needs to be refrozen. The cubes won’t lose their form either. The novelty cubes can be used for 13 hours of storage and can easily be washed with bleach (漂白剂), and frozen again for reuse.
The research team knows that using these has huge potential to reduce water waste and food waste across the food supply chain. Food contamination is one of the biggest factors in food waste and can happen at any stage. Once ice turns to water, it can pick up bacteria and subsequently spread it between neighboring produce. However, if the jelly ice cubes are used, they can offer a reusable solution to conserve water and have a big impact on reducing food waste. These solid cubes can prevent cross-contamination that comes from melted ice.
Already easing two major threats facing food production, the team plans to take their research one step further and use agricultural waste and byproducts as the cooling agents (冷却剂) in their future ice cube designs. And these new innovative jelly ice cubes appear to be real winners in helping create greener food industry.
12. What motivated Wang to create the jelly ice cubes?
A. Dealing with food waste at a fishing processing plant.
B. Transporting products with ice cubes melting halfway.
C. Seeing problems of storing the fish in a traditional way.
D. Receiving boxes with many unrecyclable ice cubes inside.
13. What does the underlined word “withstand” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Resist. B. Measure. C. Reduce. D. Sense.
14. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The cause of food contamination.
B. The advantages of the jelly ice cubes.
C. The process of manufacturing new ice cubes.
D. The methods of keeping food clean and fresh.
15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The jelly ice cubes will reach food producers soon.
B. The new ice cubes will contribute to the promotion of green food.
C. Researchers have discovered effective ways to ensure food safety.
D. Researchers will make the production of ice cubes more eco-friendly.


第三部分 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimes we make meditation (冥想) more complicated than it needs to be. Instead of over thinking it, follow the steps below to set yourself up for success:
● Find Your Motivation
As with any new habit, it's important to understand your motivation for getting started. I meditate because I feel like it makes me a calmer person during the day. ___16___ Whatever your motivation is, get clear on it and come back to it often.
● Choose Your Tools
When you have the right tools, meditation can feel a lot less daunting. I find guided meditations a lot easier to follow than trying to meditate in silence, but everyone has their own preferences. ___17___ I recommend Calm, Head space, and Insight Timer.
● Create a Meditation Space
Although you can practice meditation anywhere, I find it helpful to have a designated meditation space that feels familiar to you. ___18___ You might prefer to lay out a yoga mat in your living room or sit on some pillows in a quiet corner. Find what works for you!
● ___19___
If you want to start making meditation part of your routine, it's important to carve out time for it. I've found that the only way I can get myself to do it every day is to open up my Calm ape right after I wake up. When meditation is the first thing I do, I start my day feeling less anxious.
● Track Your Progress
Both Calm and Head space have built-in trackers that show you how many days you've meditated in a row, and I find this motivating because I never want to break my steak. ___20___ you could simply keep track of it in your daily to-do list.
A. Set a Fixed Time
B. Set a Time Limit
C. I choose to meditate upright in bed.
D. If you’re not using either of these apps.
E. If you're looking for a good meditation app.
F. Perhaps you want to meditate to reduce anxiety.
G. If you try meditating for the first time with 20 minutes.


第四部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day two fishermen were fishing in a nearby lake. They both had fishing equipment and cooking tools. Once they arrived at the lake, they ____21____ to sit at a good distance from each other. The first fisherman caught a big beautiful fish within a few minutes. He was very ____22____. He then placed the fish in the ice box to keep it ____23____. He meant to cook the ____24____ fish at noon. He spent some more time and caught a few more fish.
After about an hour of ____25____, the first fisherman offered to help the second fisherman. But the second man politely ____26____. A few minutes later, the second fisherman also caught a large fish. ____27____, he threw it back into the lake. Then he caught more big fish but just put them all back into the lake.
The first fisherman was ____28____ with him and shouted, “Why did you ____29____ them away? They were beautiful and big!” The second fisherman _____30_____, “I know they are big, but I don’t have a big pan to cook the big fish! So I’m looking for a smaller fish that _____31_____ my cooking pan!” The first fisherman was surprised at the answer. He _____32_____ the second fisherman to cut the big fish into pieces to fit them into the small pan.
Many of us are just like the second fisherman. We always _____33_____ a handful of chances and even fortune that come our way because we are too stubbornly _____34_____ what we want. We need to learn to value every chance and work it out so that it will fit into our lives _____35_____.
21. A. chose B. continued C. started D. promised
22. A. thankful B. curious C. delighted D. hopeful
23. A. alive B. fresh C. safe D. secret
24. A. real B. local C. weak D. large
25. A. preparation B. discussion C. waiting D. fishing
26. A. refused B. explained C. accepted D. commented
27. A. Luckily B. Surprisingly C. Finally D. Certainly
28. A. careful B. strict C. satisfied D. annoyed
29. A. throw B. give C. send D. carry
30. A. realized B. wondered C. responded D. doubted
31. A. fits B. dirties C. protects D. breaks
32. A. forced B. advised C. delivered D. encouraged
33. A. avoid B. provide C. miss D. discover
34. A. putting aside B. believing in C. thinking of D. looking for
35. A. quickly B. perfectly C. peacefully D. differently


第五部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China. She is the first Chinese citizen ____36____ (win) a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu ____37____ (study) medicine at university in Beijing. She acquired ____38____ broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969, Tu became head of a team to find a cure for malaria. However, to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials was much ____39____ (difficult) than we thought due to limited research resources. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract ____40____ (produce), they still faced a lot of problems. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on ____41____ (they) first.
It was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed ____42____ (experiment). In November 1972, they ____43____ (successful) isolated the most effective part of the extract qinghaosu, ____44____ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%. Tu and her team finally made it, _____45_____ (save) millions of lives worldwide.


第六部分 书面表达（满分15分）
众所周知，现在的野生动物越来越少了，有一些野生动物面临灭绝的趋势，请写一篇有关保护野生动物的演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 野生动物濒临灭绝的现状；
2. 野生动物濒临灭绝的原因；
3. 拯救措施。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everybody!
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


第七部分 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. His son, however, was very lazy and wasted his time sleeping. The years passed, and he recognized the need to give something to his son so that he could take care of himself and his family.
One day, he called his son to his room and said, “My son, you are no more a kid now. I want you to find the real purpose of your life.” Then he handed his son a bag. The son opened it. Inside were some food, a little money and a map. His father continued, “I want you to go and find a treasure. I have drawn a map of the place where the treasure is hidden. You need to go and find it.” The son loved this idea. The next day, he set out on a journey to find the treasure. He had to travel really far across forests and mountains. Along the way, he used up the money and even starved sometimes. Luckily, he was helped by some with food and by some with money.
Finally, after a long year, he reached his destination (目的地). He searched and searched but found nothing. He spent two days looking and digging for the treasure. By the third day, he was so tired that he decided to leave.
On his way back, he met the same people who had helped him earlier. This time he stayed a few days with them and helped them in some way or another. He realized how nice they had been to a stranger who had nothing to offer them in return.
When he reached home, he realized it had been two years since he left the place. He walked straight into his father’s room. “Father!” he said. The father immediately jumped to his feet and hugged his son.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The father asked his son whether he had found the treasure.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The son replied, “Although it was hard, I did enjoy the journey on my way.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




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【答案】1-5 ACAAB 6-10 BCCAA 11-15 BCBAB 16-20 CBCBC

【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美食节在英国很常见，在不同的时间、不同的地点举行。无论你的口味如何，都有一个美食节会适合你。文章例举了四种不同的美食节。
1. 细节理解题。根据Meatopia中“This three-day, London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover’s paradise.(这个为期三天的节日将于八月底在伦敦举行，是肉食爱好者的天堂。)”以及The National Honey Show中“This three-day event attracts many local entries that show their sweet golden honey, some of which is sold globally.(这个为期三天的活动吸引了许多当地参赛作品，展示他们甜美的金色蜂蜜，其中一些在全球销售。)”可知，Meatopia和The National Honey Show的共同点是它们都持续三天。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据The Orange Sauce Festival中“There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe, bringing their local snacks to share here.(来自全球30多个不同国家的数千名参与者带来了他们当地的小吃来这里分享。)”可知，如果想品尝不同的外国食物，The Orange Sauce Festival是首选。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival中“If you’d prefer something with a little more kick to it, then you could attend The Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton. Unlike other food festivals, it celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger.(如果你喜欢更刺激的音乐，那么你可以参加在德雷顿市场举行的“The Ginger and Spice Festival”。与其他美食节不同，它庆祝的是小镇与罗伯特·克莱夫的历史联系，克莱夫从印度带回了姜。)”可知，The Ginger and Spice Festival与其他节日不同是因为它与一位历史人物有关。故选D。

【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是姜孟楠六个月大时因为药物而失聪，她的父母教她学习发音和读唇，通过努力，她最终被清华大学生命科学学院录取为博士生的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Born in 1992 in Yizhang county, Hunan Province, Jiang's world has been silent since she was 6 months old, when some drugs she was given damaged her hearing.(1992年，姜出生于湖南省宜章县。6个月大的时候，由于服用药物导致听力受损，蒋雯的世界从此沉默了。)”可知，导致她失去听力的是她吃了一种有害的药。故选D。
2. 概括大意题。根据第二段“Jiang put her hands on the throats of her parents when they talked and felt the vibration of the vocal cords to learn to speak. When reading Pinyin, she carefully looked at the lips of other people’s pronunciations to know the formation of each syllable.(当父母说话时，姜会把手放在父母的喉咙上，通过感受声带的振动来学习说话。读拼音的时候，她仔细地看着别人的嘴唇，以知道每个音节的构成。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是姜的语言学习经历。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“More importantly, she is helping inspire disabled children in her native Hunan Province and beyond to struggle for success.(更重要的是，她正在帮助激励她的家乡湖南省和其他地区的残疾儿童为成功而奋斗。)”可知，姜通过鼓励残疾人打破障碍来帮助他们。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Through lip reading and self-study, she was able to keep up with learning and was accepted by Jilin University School of Pharmacy with a high score of 615 on the college entrance examination. In 2018, she was accepted as a PhD candidate at Tsinghua University’s School of Life Sciences.(通过唇读和自学，她能够跟上学习的步伐，并在高考中以615的高分被吉林大学药学院录取。2018年，她被清华大学生命科学学院录取为博士研究生。)”可知，本文主要讲的是姜孟楠六个月大时因为药物而失聪，她的父母教她学习发音和读唇，通过努力，她最终被清华大学生命科学学院录取为博士生。由此推知，我们可以从她的故事中学到努力会有回报。故选B。

【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挪威热带雨林基金会的一份新报告，世界对煤炭、农业、大豆、棕榈油和采矿的依赖已经导致地球上三分之二的热带雨林被彻底摧毁。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tropical rainforests once covered 14.5 million square kilometers of Earth’s surface, but now, just one-third of that remains undamaged. Of the original area tropical rainforests once occupied, 34% is completely gone and 30% is suffering from damage.(热带雨林曾经覆盖了地球表面1450万平方公里的面积，但现在，只有三分之一的面积完好无损。在曾经被占领的原始热带雨林中，34%已经完全消失，30%正在遭受破坏。)”可知，从这些数字中能看出热带雨林受到的严重破坏。故选A。
2. 写作意图题。根据文章第三段“Researchers blame human consumption for the loss. While agriculture has always been a main factor of rainforest loss, the report said that energy consumption, international trade and the production of beans and palm oil, logging (伐木) and mining have been the largest threats over the past century.(研究人员将这一损失归咎于人类的消费。尽管农业一直是雨林损失的主要因素，但该报告说，能源消耗、国际贸易、豆类和棕榈油的生产、伐木和采矿是过去一个世纪最大的威胁。)”和“The country heavily relies on palm oil, rubber and cocoa, all of which come from forests around the world.(这个国家严重依赖棕榈油、橡胶和可可，这些都来自世界各地的森林。)”可知，之所以要提到美国对雨林资源的依赖，是为了展示人类对雨林资源的消耗。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Along with supporting significant animal life, tropical rainforests are also necessary for slowing down global warming.(除了支持重要的动物生命，热带雨林也是减缓全球变暖的必要条件。)”可知，全球变暖会受到热带雨林减少的影响。故选A。
4. 标题归纳题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了挪威热带雨林基金会的一份新报告，世界对煤炭、农业、大豆、棕榈油和采矿的依赖已经导致地球上三分之二的热带雨林被彻底摧毁。所以C选项“热带雨林正在消失”可作以用作文章的最佳标题。故选C。

【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了王鲁新发明“果冻冰块”的原因以及它的特点和作用。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The food people eat is often brought in from miles away and stored using traditional cooling systems before the products hit store shelves. Ice is the most common cooling method that is used. When ice melts, it’s not reusable. Luxin Wang, one of the project’s leaders, saw the massive amounts of unrecyclable ice being used to store the fish at a fishing processing plant and the cross-contamination (交叉污染) that melted water could spread among products or down the drain. This inspired her to look for a sustainable solution.(人们吃的食物通常是从几英里外运来的，在产品上架之前使用传统的冷却系统储存。冰是最常用的冷却方法。当冰融化时，它不能重复使用。该项目负责人之一王鲁新目睹了一家渔业加工厂使用大量不可回收的冰来储存鱼类，融化的水产生的交叉污染可能会扩散到产品之间或流入下水道。这激发了她去寻找一个可持续的解决方案。)”可知，看到了用传统方式储存鱼类的问题激发了王鲁新去发明“果冻冰块”。故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文中的阐述“That means that the jelly ice cubes won’t melt in hotter temperatures (这意味着果冻冰块在更高的温度下不会融化。)”和“The cubes won’t lose their form either.(立方体也不会失去形状。)”可知，“果冻冰块”能耐高温和抗挤压，由此推知“The ice cubes can take on various shapes and sizes and withstand temperature and pressure changes.”中withstand与resist同义，意为“耐得住，抗得住”。故选A。
3. 概括大意题。根据第三段中“The research team knows that using these has huge potential to reduce water waste and food waste across the food supply chain.(研究团队知道，使用这些材料在减少整个食品供应链的水浪费和食物浪费方面具有巨大的潜力。)”和“However, if the jelly ice cubes are used, they can offer a reusable solution to conserve water and have a big impact on reducing food waste. These solid cubes can prevent cross-contamination that comes from melted ice.(然而，如果使用果冻冰块，它们可以提供一个可重复使用的解决方案来节约用水，并对减少食物浪费有很大的影响。这些固体可以防止融化的冰造成的交叉污染。)”可推知，第三段主要介绍了“果冻冰块”的优点。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“the team plans to take their research one step further and use agricultural waste and byproducts as the cooling agents (冷却剂) in their future ice cube designs.(该团队计划将他们的研究进一步推进，在未来的冰块设计中使用农业废料和副产品作为冷却剂。)”可推知，未来的冰块设计中将使用农业废料和副产品作为冷却剂，将使冰块的生产更加环保。故选D。

【答案】16. F 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍冥想的五种办法。
1. 本段主题是Find Your Motivation(找到你冥想的动机)，从空格前一句“I meditate because I feel like it makes me a calmer person during the day.(我冥想是因为我觉得冥想能让我在白天变得更冷静。)” 可知F项(也许你冥想是为了减少焦虑。)能与此呼应，都在说明冥想的原因，故选F。
2. 本段主题是 Choose Your Tools(选择你冥想的工具)，E项(如果你正在找一款好用的冥想应用程序。)属于工具的一种，且与下文“I recommend Calm, Head space, and Insight Timer.(我推荐冷静，头部空间和洞察计时器。)”衔接自然，故选E。
3. 本段主题是Create a Meditation Space(选择一个冥想的地点)，下文据此展开，C项(我选择在床上冥想。)属于一个地点，且与下一句“You might prefer to lay out a yoga mat in your living room or sit on some pillows in a quiet corner.(你可能更喜欢在客厅里铺一块瑜伽垫，或者坐在安静的角落里的枕头上。)”并列，都是冥想地点，与标题句呼应，故选C。
4. 本段需要选择标题句，借助于本段第一句“If you want to start making meditation part of your routine, it's important to carve out time for it.(如果你想开始让冥想成为你日程一部分,规定一个时间很重要)”可知，A项 (设置一个固定时间)与下文内容一致，故选A。
5. 本段主题句是Track Your Progress(跟踪你的进步)，前一句介绍两款内置软件的跟踪功能，因此D项(如果你没有使用这两款跟踪软件中的一款的话)呼应前面提到的两款内置软件，且与下一句“you could simply keep track of it in your daily to-do list.(你只好靠自己的待做清单来跟踪冥想进程了)”衔接自然，故选D。

【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文通过两个渔夫钓鱼的故事，告诉我们中的许多人就像第二个渔夫一样。我们总是因为过于固执地追求自己想要的东西而错过一些机会，甚至运气。我们需要学会珍惜每一个机会，并利用它，使它完美地融入我们的生活。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们到达湖边时，他们选择彼此保持一定的距离。A. chose选择；B. continued继续；C. started开始；D. promised承诺。根据下文“to sit at a good distance from each other.”可知，钓鱼的人为了能钓到鱼，选择保持一定距离。故选A。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常高兴。A. thankful感激的；B. curious好奇的；C. delighted高兴的；D. hopeful有希望的。根据上文“The first fisherman caught a big beautiful fish within a few minutes.”可知，钓到鱼使得他很高兴。故选C。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他把鱼放在冰盒里以保持新鲜。A. alive活着的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. safe安全的；D. secret秘密的。根据上文“He then placed the fish in the ice box”可知，他把鱼放在冰盒里以保持新鲜。故选B。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他打算中午烹饪那条大鱼。A. real真正的；B. local当地的；C. weak弱的；D. large大的。根据上文“a big beautiful fish”可知，他打算中午烹饪那条大鱼。故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：钓了大约一个小时后，第一个渔夫提出要帮助第二个渔夫。A. preparation准备；B. discussion讨论；C. waiting等待；D. fishing钓鱼。根据上文“fishing”可知，钓了大约一个小时后。故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但第二个人礼貌地拒绝了。A. refused拒绝；B. explained解释；C. accepted接受；D. commented评论。根据上文“But the second man politely”可知，但第二个人礼貌地拒绝了。故选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶地是，他把鱼扔回了湖里。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Finally最终地；D. Certainly确定地。根据下文“he threw it back into the lake.”可知，令人惊讶地是，他把钓到的大鱼扔回了湖里。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一个渔夫很生气，喊道：“你为什么把它们扔回了湖里。”A. careful小心的；B. strict严厉的；C. satisfied满意的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据下文“shouted”可知，第一个渔夫很生气。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一个渔夫很生气，喊道：“你为什么把它们扔回了湖里。”A. throw扔；B. give给；C. send发送；D. carry携带。根据上文“he threw”可知，第一个渔夫很生气，责备第二个人把鱼扔回湖里。故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二个渔夫回答说：“我知道它们很大，但是我没有大锅来烹饪大鱼。”A. realized意识到；B. wondered想知道；C. responded回应，回答；D. doubted怀疑。根据上文“Why did you ________ them away”可知，第二个渔夫回答说。故选C。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我在找一种更小的鱼，适合我的烹饪锅！A. fits适合；B. dirties弄脏；C. protects保护 ；D. breaks打破。根据上文“I know they are big, but I don’t have a big pan to cook the big fish!”可知，第二个渔夫之所以将大鱼扔回湖里，是因为他觉得没有足够大的锅来容纳大鱼，所以找一种更小的鱼，适合他的烹饪锅。故选A。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议第二个渔夫把大鱼切成小块，放进小锅里。A. forced迫使；B. advised建议；C. delivered传送，交付；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文“the second fisherman to cut the big fish into pieces to fit them into the small pan.”可知，这是第一个渔夫的建议。故选B。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们总是因为过于固执地追求自己想要的东西而错过一些机会，甚至运气。A. avoid避免；B. provide提供；C. miss错过；D. discover发现。根据上文“Many of us are just like the second fisherman.”可知，此处是指错过一些机会。故选C。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。A. putting aside把……放在一边；B. believing in相信；C. thinking of想到；D. looking for寻找。上文中两个渔夫所钓的鱼喻指我们生活中追求的东西。故选D。
15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们需要学会珍惜每一个机会，并利用它，使它完美地融入我们的生活。A. quickly快速地；B. perfectly完美地；C. peacefully平和地；D. differently不同地。根据上文“We need to learn to value every chance and work it out”可知，此处是指使机会完美地融入我们的生活。故选B。

【答案】36. to win 37. studied 38. a 39. more difficult 40. produced 41. themselves 42. experiments 43. successfully 44. which 45. saving
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国科学家屠呦呦是获得中华人民共和国勋章的8人之一。她是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国公民，以及她成功地发明青蒿素的过程。
1. 考查动词不定式。句意：她是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国公民。The first… to do意为“第一个做某事的……”，此处为动词不定式结构作后置定语。故填to win。
2. 考查动词。句意：屠呦呦于1930年出生于浙江宁波，在北京大学学医。由句意可知，此处为描述过去的事情，为动词的一般过去时。故填studied。
3. 考查冠词。句意：她掌握了广泛的中西医知识。a/an... knowledge of意为“了解”，broad的发音是辅音音素开头，应填a。故填a。
4. 考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，由于研究资源的限制，生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验比我们想象的困难得多。由than可知，此处为形容词的比较级形式，difficult是多音节词，其比较级是在前面加more。故填more difficult。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临很多问题。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，空处为非谓语，qinghao extract“青蒿提取物”和produce为被动关系，故为过去分词形式。故填produced。
6. 考查代词。句意：为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。结合句意，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词。故填themselves。
7. 考查名词复数形式。句意：经过多次失败的实验，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。由many可知，此处为名词的复数形式。故填experiments。
8. 考查副词。句意：1972年11月，他们成功地分离出青蒿提取物中最有效的部分青蒿素，现在它是许多疟疾药物的关键部分。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词successfully修饰动词isolated。故填successfully。
9. 考查连词。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词the most effective part of the extract qinghaosu在从句中作主语成分，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队最终成功了，拯救了全球数百万人的生命。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填saving。

【答案】
Good morning, everybody! It’s my honor to speak here. Today I’d like to share my topic, wildlife protection, with you.
As we all know, many wild animals are endangered. One of the major reasons is that the habitats of many wild animals are polluted or destroyed. Besides, a great many wild animals are hunted and killed for food or money each year. In my opinion, it’s time we took immediate measures. To start with, all of us should raise awareness of wildlife protection. At the same time, we’d better set up more nature reserves to guarantee wild animals a safe home to live.
I believe as long as we take action immediately, we will live in harmony with wild animals. Thanks for your listening.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇有关保护野生动物的演讲稿，内容要包含野生动物濒临灭绝的现状、原因及拯救措施。
1. 词汇积累
众所周知：As we all know → As is known to all
此外：Besides → What’s more
首先：To start with → Firstly
同时：At the same time → In the meantime
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, a great many wild animals are hunted and killed for food or money each year.
拓展句：Besides, a great many wild animals are hunted and killed, because people want to get food or money each year.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】One of the major reasons is that the habitats of many wild animals are polluted or destroyed.（运用了that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】I believe as long as we take action immediately, we will live in harmony with wild animals.（运用了as long as引导的条件状语从句）

【答案】The father asked his son whether he had found the treasure. The son lowered his head in shame, saying, “Please forgive me for not finding the treasure.” The father shrugged and spread his hands, telling his son that there wasn’t any treasure in the world. Surprisingly and angrily, the son questioned why his father sent him to find it then. With tears welling up in his eyes, he described the hardship he had encountered. The father comforted him patiently and then asked, “So what do you think of the journey?”
The son replied, “Although it was hard, I did enjoy the journey on my way.” The son then shared his experience with joy. He made many friends and learned so many different skills. There was so much to learn that he forgot the pain of not finding the treasure. The father wore a shining smile on his face and was relieved that his son finally found the purpose and true meaning of the journey. The truth is, life has no goal at all, other than to just experience it and grow with it every single day.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一位明智的父亲通过让懒惰的儿子去“寻宝”，出发时给了他有一些食物，一点钱和一张地图，经过漫长的一年，他终于到达了目的地，他找了又找，什么也没找到，他决定离开，在回来的路上，他遇到了先前帮助过他的那些人，他意识到他们之前对一个没有任何回报的陌生人是多么友好，就特意留下来帮助他们之后才回了家。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“父亲问儿子是否找到了宝藏。”可知，第一段可描写儿子与父亲关于寻宝过程的交谈。
②由第二段首句内容“儿子回答说：‘虽然很艰难，但我很享受途中的旅程。’ ”可知，第二段可描写儿子讲述寻宝旅程和父亲对儿子的教诲。
2. 续写线索：没有找到宝藏——谈论寻宝之旅——儿子享受寻宝旅程——人生感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①找到：find/seek out
②安慰：comfort/console
③分享：share/partake
情绪类
①生气地：angrily/indignantly
②高兴地：with joy/with delight
【点睛】
【高分句型1】The father shrugged and spread his hands, telling his son that there wasn’t any treasure in the world. (运用了现在分词作状语及that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Surprisingly and angrily, the son questioned why his father sent him to find it then. (运用了why引导的宾语从句)