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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题2第3讲 词性转换(构词法) (含答案)
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题2第3讲 词性转换(构词法) (含答案)，共12页。
eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been prly(pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20，000－25，000 plar bears wrldwide.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years f hard wrk have finally(final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are s prud f her.It’s wnderful(wnder)．
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting cmpetitin(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They als shared with us many traditinal(traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were hugely(huge) ppular with turists.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy)．
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste fr meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal glbal(glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m a scientist(science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This develpment was nly pssible with the intrductin(intrduce) f electricpwered engines and lifts.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst successful(success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
1．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；
2．考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。 eq \a\vs4\al()
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)T everyne’s surprising, the ball went int the net. surprising→surprise
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is nt just an rdinarily cafe but a very special ne. rdinarily→rdinary
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had imprved. happily→happy
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raised my hand. Immediate→Immediately
1．名词与其他词性的误用；
2．形容词与副词之间的误用。 eq \a\vs4\al()
动词、形容词转化为名词
1．动词转化为名词
2.形容词转化为名词
名词、动词转化为形容词
续 表
■名师点津
ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰事或物。
形容词转化为副词的规律
■名师点津
注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：whle→whlly完全地；shy→shyly害羞地；dry→dryly/drily干燥地。
厘清两种情况，突破词性转换
一、从句法功能上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。
[例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined t carry n with her ____________(educate)．
[分析] educatin 前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式educatin作宾语。
[例2] (全国卷Ⅲ)Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, wh lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C., influenced the ____________(develp) f chpsticks.
[分析] develpment 根据空前面的the和空后面的f可知，此处需用名词。
2．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。
[例3] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came t a suddenly stp just in the middle f the rad.____________________
[分析] suddenly→sudden 此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stp，表示“突然的停止”。
3．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, becme, remain等系动词后。
[例4] (全国卷Ⅲ)At ne time, I even felt my parents culdn’t understand me s I hped I culd be freely frm them.____________________
[分析] freely→free 此处需要用形容词作表语。be free frm them摆脱他们。
4．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。
[例5] As I walked, I lked up, trying t realize what made this day s ____________(beauty)．
[分析] beautiful 使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。
5．副词在句中修饰动词。
[例6] (全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be __________(fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.
[分析] fficially 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词fficially作状语修饰谓语动词be given。
6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。
[例7] (全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible wrried.____________________
[分析] terrible→terribly 此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词wrried。
7．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。
[例8] (广东卷)____________(lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.
[分析] Luckily 此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。
8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。
[例9] (全国卷Ⅱ)There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and ____________(disappint)．
[分析] disappinted 空处和前面的anxius并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
词形变化是重点，注意特殊的变化：以e结尾的形容词变副词，切记true需把e去掉加ly；以ble，ple结尾的形容词都是去e加y。另外需注意形副同形词。
[例10] (全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，he hpes that his business will grw steady.____________________
[分析] steady→steadily 谓语动词grw是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grw。grw steadily意为“稳定地增长”。
[例11] (全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks ____________(regular)．
[分析] regularly 此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语take shrt breaks。
[例12] (陕西卷)My uncles immediate jumped up and sht their arrws at the bird.____________________
[分析] immediate→immediately 此处修饰jumped up，故用副词形式。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·张家口、沧州一模)Knwn as Glden Pebble Beach, Jinshitan is famus fr its beautiful natural(nature) scenery.
2．(2020·云南高中统一检测)The ticket prices fr China highspeed trains are reasnable and, n mst rutes, the frequency f departure is very high, s peple can buy tickets cnveniently(cnvenient)．
3．(2020·呼伦贝尔一模)If we are satisfied(satisfy) with nly a few rules we have memrized, we are nt really learning the language.
4．(2020·张家口、沧州一模)Over the years, Dalian’s Jinpu New District has successfully(success) held a number f special turism festivals with its rich culture and turism resurces.
5．(2020·湖北八市联考)All the infrastructure fr 100 indr and utdr gardens at the exhibitin will be finished cmpletely(cmplete) at the end f March.
6．(2020·陕西渭南中学质检)Surprisingly(surprise), Sally was nt driven ut like the frmer teachers; instead, she wn respect frm the students.
7．(2020·浙江建德期末)She said the last vicemnitr, Jey, had been very rude and unkind(kind) t her.
8．(2020·浙江杭高分校模拟)Explratin(s)(explre) f the Mn did cntinue after the astrnauts left, but by rbts instead f peple.
9．(2020·北京东城二模)Hwever, fr the majrity western(west) peple, university means freedm frm hme.
10．(2020·德州夏津一中月考)“We are nw thinking abut develpment, allwing the paintings t be mre creative(create)，” he said.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·贵阳一中月考)Just recently, a lcal wman Sarah Darling accidental drpped her engagement ring int his cup while she was giving him sme change. accidental→accidentally
2．(2020·云南高中统一检测)We felt happily t have dne ur part fr the envirnment.happily→happy
3．(2020·绵阳诊断)At this very mment, my parents came back and were quite surprised t see all the rms tidily and flrs shining. tidily→tidy
4．(2020·郑州一中阶段检测)During the day, yu can walk r sit n a bat t enjy the natural scenery alng the stream.The scene at night is attractively as well.attractively→attractive
5．(2020·广东五校协作体联考)In additin, the Internet makes surveying and vting easy and cnvenience, regardless f time and space. cnvenience→cnvenient
6．I will be fully ccupied in preparing fr an imprtance lecture cming the day after tmrrw. imprtance→imprtant
7．Taking an active part in varius vluntary activities can als be f great beneficial. beneficial→benefit
8．Passing thrugh several streets, we saw n ne but nly rubbish here and there.An hur later, I still culdn’t bear t keep my eyes widely pen. widely→wide
9．Hwever, my favurite subject is music, especially classical music which ften makes my heart peacefully.peacefully→peaceful
10．I knew it was ging t be hard t find anther jb in the cmpetitin wrking market.cmpetitin→cmpetitive
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·山西百日冲刺考试)
The Truth Abut Whisky
Whisky is prbably 1.the mst famus prduct f Sctland.Whisky making prvides wrk 2.fr several thusand peple in the Scttish Highlands and islands.Whisky is Sctland’s biggest gds 3.sld(sell) t every crner f the wrld.
The qualities f whisky cme frm the water which 4.is__used(use) t make it the rich “peaty”(多泥炭的) water f Sctland.When whisky is first made, it is 5.actually(actual) clear, nt brwn in clur.The clur cmes frm the wden 6.cntainers(cntainer) in which the whisky is stred fr several years t allw it 7.t__mature(mature) frm a little added sugar.
Fr many years, whisky has been ne f the mst ppular drinks all ver the wrld, and Sctland 8.has__prduced(prduce) mre and mre f it s far.But whisky sales have nt increased as fast, s there are nw large reserves f whisky in Sctland, especially the better and 9.mre(much) expensive whisky.S a lt f the whisky sld tday was made several years ag when peple thught that whisky wuld get mre and mre ppular.That is 10.why,__tday, a lt f whisky in the shps is marked with “Ten years ld”， r even “Fifteen years ld”．
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·蚌埠质检)My schl life in the Britain is significantly different.The schl day is nearly 5.5 hurs shrt than that in China.Students there are friendly and fcus their studies.With his help, I have adapted t the life sn and make lts f new friends.I feel s luckily t be able t participate in class discussin, that I’ve learnt a lt abut lcal culture.I enjy the respect fr the teachers and the cuntry.Besides, I have learnt many skill abut cmpleting my prjects.My experience is amazed and enjyable because f my wnderful hst family, my friends r the teachers.
答案：
My schl life in eq \(the,\s\up0(＼)) Britain is significantly different.The schl day is nearly 5.5 hurs eq \f(shrt,shrter) than that in China.Students there are friendly and fcus eq \(\s\up7(∧,n)) their studies.With eq \f(his,their) help, I have adapted t the life sn and eq \f(make,made) lts f new friends.I feel s eq \f(luckily,lucky) t be able t participate in class discussin, eq \f(that,where) I’ve learnt a lt abut lcal culture.I enjy the respect fr the teachers and the cuntry.Besides, I have learnt many eq \f(skill,skills) abut cmpleting my prjects.My experience is eq \f(amazed,amazing) and enjyable because f my wnderful hst family, my friends eq \f(r,and) the teachers.
后缀
例词
in/tin/
sin/atin
expect→expectatin 期望
crrect→crrectin 改正
attract→attractin 吸引
discuss→discussin 讨论；辩论
特殊：explain→explanatin 解释
admit→admissin 接纳；准许入学
cmpete→cmpetitin 比赛，竞争
prnunce→prnunciatin 发音
describe→descriptin 描写
decide→decisin 决定
celebrate→celebratin 庆祝；庆祝会
cnclude→cnclusin 结论
invite→invitatin 邀请
graduate→graduatin 毕业
er/r
read→reader 读者
drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
annunce→annuncer 广播员
cnduct→cnductr 指挥；售票员
ment
punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip→equipment 装备；设备
gvern→gvernment 政府
特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
ance/ence
appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perfrm→perfrmance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
ing
begin→beginning 开始
ure/ture
fail→failure 失败；倒闭
press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发
mix→mixture 混合；混合物
特殊：expse→expsure 暴露
y
recver→recvery 恢复；痊愈
discver→discvery 发现
其他
chse→chice 选择
vary→variety 多样化；种类
tend→tendency 趋向；趋势
后缀
例词
age
shrt→shrtage 不足；短缺
cy
accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私；私密
efficient→efficiency 效率；功效
fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
dm
free→freedm 自由；自主
特殊：wise→wisdm 明智；智慧
bred→bredm 厌烦
ence/ance
different→difference 差异
silent→silence 沉默
patient→patience 耐心
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
cnfident→cnfidence 信心
cnvenient→cnvenience 便利
imprtant→imprtance 重要
ness
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
th
warm→warmth 温暖；热情
特殊：strng→strength 力气；强项
deep→depth 深度
lng→length 长度
wide→width 宽度
y/ty/ity
hnest→hnesty 诚实
difficult→difficulty 困难
safe→safety 安全
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
特殊：respnsible→respnsibility 责任
disable→disability 无能；伤残
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable 可接受的
cmfrt→cmfrtable 舒适的
fashin→fashinable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reasn→reasnable 有道理的
al
music→musical 音乐的
rigin→riginal 最初的
persn→persnal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
后缀
例词
ful
dubt→dubtful 怀疑的
frget→frgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hpe→hpeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
ed
scare→scared 感到恐惧的
cnfuse→cnfused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
ing
surprise→surprising 令人惊异的
cnvince→cnvincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
ible
access→accessible 容易取得的
hrrr→hrrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terrr→terrible 可怕的
ive
act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
us
cntinue→cntinuus 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxius 忧虑的
cautin→cautius 十分小心的；谨慎的
curisity→curius 好奇的
humr→humrus 幽默的
sme
tire→tiresme 令人厌倦的
truble→trublesme 麻烦的
y
taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
ern
east→eastern 东方的；向东的
west→western 西方的；向西的
ish
child→childish 孩子气的
fl→flish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
类别
例词
直接加ly
clear→clearly 清楚地
great→greatly 很，大大地
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加ly
happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加y
terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地
gentle→gently 轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加ly
true→truly 真实地
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加y
full→fully 充分地；完全地
dull→dully 迟钝地
词尾为ic的形容词，加ally
basic→basically 主要地；基本上
scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been prly(pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20，000－25，000 plar bears wrldwide.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years f hard wrk have finally(final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are s prud f her.It’s wnderful(wnder)．
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting cmpetitin(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They als shared with us many traditinal(traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were hugely(huge) ppular with turists.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy)．
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste fr meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal glbal(glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m a scientist(science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This develpment was nly pssible with the intrductin(intrduce) f electricpwered engines and lifts.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst successful(success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
1．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；
2．考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。 eq \a\vs4\al()
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)T everyne’s surprising, the ball went int the net. surprising→surprise
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is nt just an rdinarily cafe but a very special ne. rdinarily→rdinary
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had imprved. happily→happy
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raised my hand. Immediate→Immediately
1．名词与其他词性的误用；
2．形容词与副词之间的误用。 eq \a\vs4\al()
动词、形容词转化为名词
1．动词转化为名词
2.形容词转化为名词
名词、动词转化为形容词
续 表
■名师点津
ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰事或物。
形容词转化为副词的规律
■名师点津
注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：whle→whlly完全地；shy→shyly害羞地；dry→dryly/drily干燥地。
厘清两种情况，突破词性转换
一、从句法功能上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。
[例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined t carry n with her ____________(educate)．
[分析] educatin 前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式educatin作宾语。
[例2] (全国卷Ⅲ)Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, wh lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C., influenced the ____________(develp) f chpsticks.
[分析] develpment 根据空前面的the和空后面的f可知，此处需用名词。
2．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。
[例3] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came t a suddenly stp just in the middle f the rad.____________________
[分析] suddenly→sudden 此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stp，表示“突然的停止”。
3．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, becme, remain等系动词后。
[例4] (全国卷Ⅲ)At ne time, I even felt my parents culdn’t understand me s I hped I culd be freely frm them.____________________
[分析] freely→free 此处需要用形容词作表语。be free frm them摆脱他们。
4．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。
[例5] As I walked, I lked up, trying t realize what made this day s ____________(beauty)．
[分析] beautiful 使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。
5．副词在句中修饰动词。
[例6] (全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be __________(fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.
[分析] fficially 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词fficially作状语修饰谓语动词be given。
6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。
[例7] (全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible wrried.____________________
[分析] terrible→terribly 此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词wrried。
7．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。
[例8] (广东卷)____________(lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.
[分析] Luckily 此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。
8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。
[例9] (全国卷Ⅱ)There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and ____________(disappint)．
[分析] disappinted 空处和前面的anxius并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
词形变化是重点，注意特殊的变化：以e结尾的形容词变副词，切记true需把e去掉加ly；以ble，ple结尾的形容词都是去e加y。另外需注意形副同形词。
[例10] (全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，he hpes that his business will grw steady.____________________
[分析] steady→steadily 谓语动词grw是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grw。grw steadily意为“稳定地增长”。
[例11] (全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks ____________(regular)．
[分析] regularly 此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语take shrt breaks。
[例12] (陕西卷)My uncles immediate jumped up and sht their arrws at the bird.____________________
[分析] immediate→immediately 此处修饰jumped up，故用副词形式。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·张家口、沧州一模)Knwn as Glden Pebble Beach, Jinshitan is famus fr its beautiful natural(nature) scenery.
2．(2020·云南高中统一检测)The ticket prices fr China highspeed trains are reasnable and, n mst rutes, the frequency f departure is very high, s peple can buy tickets cnveniently(cnvenient)．
3．(2020·呼伦贝尔一模)If we are satisfied(satisfy) with nly a few rules we have memrized, we are nt really learning the language.
4．(2020·张家口、沧州一模)Over the years, Dalian’s Jinpu New District has successfully(success) held a number f special turism festivals with its rich culture and turism resurces.
5．(2020·湖北八市联考)All the infrastructure fr 100 indr and utdr gardens at the exhibitin will be finished cmpletely(cmplete) at the end f March.
6．(2020·陕西渭南中学质检)Surprisingly(surprise), Sally was nt driven ut like the frmer teachers; instead, she wn respect frm the students.
7．(2020·浙江建德期末)She said the last vicemnitr, Jey, had been very rude and unkind(kind) t her.
8．(2020·浙江杭高分校模拟)Explratin(s)(explre) f the Mn did cntinue after the astrnauts left, but by rbts instead f peple.
9．(2020·北京东城二模)Hwever, fr the majrity western(west) peple, university means freedm frm hme.
10．(2020·德州夏津一中月考)“We are nw thinking abut develpment, allwing the paintings t be mre creative(create)，” he said.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·贵阳一中月考)Just recently, a lcal wman Sarah Darling accidental drpped her engagement ring int his cup while she was giving him sme change. accidental→accidentally
2．(2020·云南高中统一检测)We felt happily t have dne ur part fr the envirnment.happily→happy
3．(2020·绵阳诊断)At this very mment, my parents came back and were quite surprised t see all the rms tidily and flrs shining. tidily→tidy
4．(2020·郑州一中阶段检测)During the day, yu can walk r sit n a bat t enjy the natural scenery alng the stream.The scene at night is attractively as well.attractively→attractive
5．(2020·广东五校协作体联考)In additin, the Internet makes surveying and vting easy and cnvenience, regardless f time and space. cnvenience→cnvenient
6．I will be fully ccupied in preparing fr an imprtance lecture cming the day after tmrrw. imprtance→imprtant
7．Taking an active part in varius vluntary activities can als be f great beneficial. beneficial→benefit
8．Passing thrugh several streets, we saw n ne but nly rubbish here and there.An hur later, I still culdn’t bear t keep my eyes widely pen. widely→wide
9．Hwever, my favurite subject is music, especially classical music which ften makes my heart peacefully.peacefully→peaceful
10．I knew it was ging t be hard t find anther jb in the cmpetitin wrking market.cmpetitin→cmpetitive
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·山西百日冲刺考试)
The Truth Abut Whisky
Whisky is prbably 1.the mst famus prduct f Sctland.Whisky making prvides wrk 2.fr several thusand peple in the Scttish Highlands and islands.Whisky is Sctland’s biggest gds 3.sld(sell) t every crner f the wrld.
The qualities f whisky cme frm the water which 4.is__used(use) t make it the rich “peaty”(多泥炭的) water f Sctland.When whisky is first made, it is 5.actually(actual) clear, nt brwn in clur.The clur cmes frm the wden 6.cntainers(cntainer) in which the whisky is stred fr several years t allw it 7.t__mature(mature) frm a little added sugar.
Fr many years, whisky has been ne f the mst ppular drinks all ver the wrld, and Sctland 8.has__prduced(prduce) mre and mre f it s far.But whisky sales have nt increased as fast, s there are nw large reserves f whisky in Sctland, especially the better and 9.mre(much) expensive whisky.S a lt f the whisky sld tday was made several years ag when peple thught that whisky wuld get mre and mre ppular.That is 10.why,__tday, a lt f whisky in the shps is marked with “Ten years ld”， r even “Fifteen years ld”．
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·蚌埠质检)My schl life in the Britain is significantly different.The schl day is nearly 5.5 hurs shrt than that in China.Students there are friendly and fcus their studies.With his help, I have adapted t the life sn and make lts f new friends.I feel s luckily t be able t participate in class discussin, that I’ve learnt a lt abut lcal culture.I enjy the respect fr the teachers and the cuntry.Besides, I have learnt many skill abut cmpleting my prjects.My experience is amazed and enjyable because f my wnderful hst family, my friends r the teachers.
答案：
My schl life in eq \(the,\s\up0(＼)) Britain is significantly different.The schl day is nearly 5.5 hurs eq \f(shrt,shrter) than that in China.Students there are friendly and fcus eq \(\s\up7(∧,n)) their studies.With eq \f(his,their) help, I have adapted t the life sn and eq \f(make,made) lts f new friends.I feel s eq \f(luckily,lucky) t be able t participate in class discussin, eq \f(that,where) I’ve learnt a lt abut lcal culture.I enjy the respect fr the teachers and the cuntry.Besides, I have learnt many eq \f(skill,skills) abut cmpleting my prjects.My experience is eq \f(amazed,amazing) and enjyable because f my wnderful hst family, my friends eq \f(r,and) the teachers.
后缀
例词
in/tin/
sin/atin
expect→expectatin 期望
crrect→crrectin 改正
attract→attractin 吸引
discuss→discussin 讨论；辩论
特殊：explain→explanatin 解释
admit→admissin 接纳；准许入学
cmpete→cmpetitin 比赛，竞争
prnunce→prnunciatin 发音
describe→descriptin 描写
decide→decisin 决定
celebrate→celebratin 庆祝；庆祝会
cnclude→cnclusin 结论
invite→invitatin 邀请
graduate→graduatin 毕业
er/r
read→reader 读者
drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
annunce→annuncer 广播员
cnduct→cnductr 指挥；售票员
ment
punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip→equipment 装备；设备
gvern→gvernment 政府
特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
ance/ence
appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perfrm→perfrmance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
ing
begin→beginning 开始
ure/ture
fail→failure 失败；倒闭
press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发
mix→mixture 混合；混合物
特殊：expse→expsure 暴露
y
recver→recvery 恢复；痊愈
discver→discvery 发现
其他
chse→chice 选择
vary→variety 多样化；种类
tend→tendency 趋向；趋势
后缀
例词
age
shrt→shrtage 不足；短缺
cy
accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私；私密
efficient→efficiency 效率；功效
fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
dm
free→freedm 自由；自主
特殊：wise→wisdm 明智；智慧
bred→bredm 厌烦
ence/ance
different→difference 差异
silent→silence 沉默
patient→patience 耐心
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
cnfident→cnfidence 信心
cnvenient→cnvenience 便利
imprtant→imprtance 重要
ness
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
th
warm→warmth 温暖；热情
特殊：strng→strength 力气；强项
deep→depth 深度
lng→length 长度
wide→width 宽度
y/ty/ity
hnest→hnesty 诚实
difficult→difficulty 困难
safe→safety 安全
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
特殊：respnsible→respnsibility 责任
disable→disability 无能；伤残
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable 可接受的
cmfrt→cmfrtable 舒适的
fashin→fashinable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reasn→reasnable 有道理的
al
music→musical 音乐的
rigin→riginal 最初的
persn→persnal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
后缀
例词
ful
dubt→dubtful 怀疑的
frget→frgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hpe→hpeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
ed
scare→scared 感到恐惧的
cnfuse→cnfused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
ing
surprise→surprising 令人惊异的
cnvince→cnvincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
ible
access→accessible 容易取得的
hrrr→hrrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terrr→terrible 可怕的
ive
act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
us
cntinue→cntinuus 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxius 忧虑的
cautin→cautius 十分小心的；谨慎的
curisity→curius 好奇的
humr→humrus 幽默的
sme
tire→tiresme 令人厌倦的
truble→trublesme 麻烦的
y
taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
ern
east→eastern 东方的；向东的
west→western 西方的；向西的
ish
child→childish 孩子气的
fl→flish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
类别
例词
直接加ly
clear→clearly 清楚地
great→greatly 很，大大地
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加ly
happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加y
terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地
gentle→gently 轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加ly
true→truly 真实地
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加y
full→fully 充分地；完全地
dull→dully 迟钝地
词尾为ic的形容词，加ally
basic→basically 主要地；基本上
scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
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