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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题4第3讲 名词性从句 (含答案)
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题4第3讲 名词性从句 (含答案)，共7页。
eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare nrth f 88°， there is evidence that they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m nt sure wh is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
3．(全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly hw thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
eq \a\vs4\al()
语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that, hw, if与whether是考查的重点。
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live. that→where
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)After lking at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund where his parents were missing. where→that或去掉where
1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；
2．连接代词(what, which和wh等)之间的错用；
3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；
4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。 eq \a\vs4\al()
主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
(安徽卷)The limits f a persn’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend n his envirnment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
(北京卷)Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.Whatever yu can d helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
(北京卷)What Barbara Jnes ffers t her fans is hnesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
(北京卷)Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
(江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese pet, was brn is knwn t the public, but sme wn’t accept it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
2．用it作形式主语的主语从句
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句
④It＋不及物动词(seem, ccur, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
(湖北卷)It ccurred t him that he had an imprtant cnference t attend the next mrning.
他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
(天津卷)It is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future. 应该为未来做好充分准备这一点对于学生们来说很清楚。
■名师点津
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/rdered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that yu(shuld) spend mre time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
1．宾语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether/if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
(2018·天津卷)The gld medal will be awarded t whever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何人。
(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us t believe in what we d and wh we are if we want t succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
(山东卷)We’ve ffered her the jb, but I dn’t knw whether she’ll accept it.
我们已经给她提供了工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。
■名师点津
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：
①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)在介词后的宾语从句中，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/that从句
②动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy＋it＋that从句
③短语动词see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋that从句
④固定搭配take it fr granted/we it t sb.＋that从句
I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
■名师点津
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。
1．表语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
(2018·北京卷)This is what my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best. 这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并抱最大的希望。
(北京卷)The best mment fr the ftball star was when he scred the winning gal.
这个足球明星最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
(上海卷)The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
2．其他连接词引导的表语从句
(1)as if/as thugh引导表语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动词， seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smg cvered the whle city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
(2)because，why引导的表语从句
①This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是……的原因”
②This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/那是因为……”
③The reasn that＋表语从句，意为“……的原因是……”
(安徽卷)Frm space, the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventyne percent f its surface is cvered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
He didn’t wrk hard.That’s why he was fired.
他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。其引导词主要有that, whether, why, wh, where, hw, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
(天津卷)The manager put frward a suggestin that we shuld have an assistant.There is t much wrk t d.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
He asked her the questin whether they can be friends.
他问了一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。
Yu have n idea hw wrried I was!
你不知道我有多着急！
2．常跟同位语从句的名词
后常跟同位语从句的名词有advice, fact, dubt, suggestin, hpe, demand, cnclusin, idea, news, rder, request, thught, wrd, wish, prmise, truth, infrmatin, message, belief, reprt, desire, prblem, pssibility等。
(辽宁卷)When the news came that the war brke ut, he decided t serve in the army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。
(浙江卷)I made a prmise t myself that this year, my first year in high schl, wuld be different. 我对自己承诺：今年，也就是我高中的第一年，会有所不同。
两步突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)A typical Chinese wedding nwadays ges like this: when a new cuple is engaged, what fllws is a chice f the date f their marriage.
2．(2020·洛阳期中)After being designated as the first special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has rapidly becme an emerging mdern city.
3．(2020·北京朝阳期中)S the next time I see that persn I als see the name n his r her face, and that is why/hw I never frget a name.
4．(2020·河北衡水中学一调)There is n dubt that the event will attract mre visitrs t enjy visiting this wnderful city.
5．(2020·湖北重点高中联合协作体期中)Experts hld the pinin that a small amunt f stress can be gd in exams.
6．(2020·北京顺义二模)I lst my wallet after ging shpping last Friday evening.But I culdn’t remember where I lst it.
7．(2020·哈尔滨三中二调)The impact and ultimate result depend n what yu d with the difficulties that yu have.
8．(2020·哈尔滨六中二模)In Martin’s wrld, we are nt sure __whether the gd will win in the end r nt.
9．(2020·吉林普通高中调研)It is pssible that caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, t.
10．(2020·济宁二模)Yung wmen seem t perfrm wrse than men n highlevel math tests.That is what has cnfused the educatrs fr ages.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)I was wndering why was the matter when my little brther began t cugh ludly. why→what
2．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)Which impresses me mst is Miss Zhang’s way f teaching. Which→What
3．(2020·呼和浩特二模)This is which I’ve learned frm my experience. which→what
4．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)They hld a strng belief playing games is a waste f time. 在belief后加that
5．(2020·开封质检)It is cheerful what the lcal authrities have prmised them t shrten the time f btaining it.what→that
6．(2020·临汾一中等联考)It’s nt easy fr us t accept the fact which we are ging t leave ur belved schl. which→that
7．Tday, English is which my strength lies.And I’m grateful t my English teacher. which→where
8．The first reasn why I cnsider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm persnality. because→that
9．Everyne in the village is very friendly; it desn’t matter that yu have lived there fr a shrt r a lng time.that→whether
10．It is knwn t us it takes many years t gain the skills f an expert. 在us后加that
引导词
作用
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，不用if
what, wh, whse, which， whatever, whichever, whever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
hw, when, where， why等
在从句中作状语
从属连词
that, whether, if
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
从属连词
that, whether, if
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare nrth f 88°， there is evidence that they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m nt sure wh is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
3．(全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly hw thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
eq \a\vs4\al()
语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that, hw, if与whether是考查的重点。
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live. that→where
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)After lking at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund where his parents were missing. where→that或去掉where
1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；
2．连接代词(what, which和wh等)之间的错用；
3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；
4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。 eq \a\vs4\al()
主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
(安徽卷)The limits f a persn’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend n his envirnment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
(北京卷)Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.Whatever yu can d helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
(北京卷)What Barbara Jnes ffers t her fans is hnesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
(北京卷)Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
(江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese pet, was brn is knwn t the public, but sme wn’t accept it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
2．用it作形式主语的主语从句
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句
④It＋不及物动词(seem, ccur, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
(湖北卷)It ccurred t him that he had an imprtant cnference t attend the next mrning.
他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
(天津卷)It is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future. 应该为未来做好充分准备这一点对于学生们来说很清楚。
■名师点津
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/rdered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that yu(shuld) spend mre time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
1．宾语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether/if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
(2018·天津卷)The gld medal will be awarded t whever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何人。
(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us t believe in what we d and wh we are if we want t succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
(山东卷)We’ve ffered her the jb, but I dn’t knw whether she’ll accept it.
我们已经给她提供了工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。
■名师点津
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：
①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)在介词后的宾语从句中，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/that从句
②动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy＋it＋that从句
③短语动词see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋that从句
④固定搭配take it fr granted/we it t sb.＋that从句
I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
■名师点津
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。
1．表语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
(2018·北京卷)This is what my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best. 这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并抱最大的希望。
(北京卷)The best mment fr the ftball star was when he scred the winning gal.
这个足球明星最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
(上海卷)The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
2．其他连接词引导的表语从句
(1)as if/as thugh引导表语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动词， seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smg cvered the whle city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
(2)because，why引导的表语从句
①This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是……的原因”
②This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/那是因为……”
③The reasn that＋表语从句，意为“……的原因是……”
(安徽卷)Frm space, the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventyne percent f its surface is cvered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
He didn’t wrk hard.That’s why he was fired.
他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。其引导词主要有that, whether, why, wh, where, hw, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
(天津卷)The manager put frward a suggestin that we shuld have an assistant.There is t much wrk t d.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
He asked her the questin whether they can be friends.
他问了一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。
Yu have n idea hw wrried I was!
你不知道我有多着急！
2．常跟同位语从句的名词
后常跟同位语从句的名词有advice, fact, dubt, suggestin, hpe, demand, cnclusin, idea, news, rder, request, thught, wrd, wish, prmise, truth, infrmatin, message, belief, reprt, desire, prblem, pssibility等。
(辽宁卷)When the news came that the war brke ut, he decided t serve in the army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。
(浙江卷)I made a prmise t myself that this year, my first year in high schl, wuld be different. 我对自己承诺：今年，也就是我高中的第一年，会有所不同。
两步突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)A typical Chinese wedding nwadays ges like this: when a new cuple is engaged, what fllws is a chice f the date f their marriage.
2．(2020·洛阳期中)After being designated as the first special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has rapidly becme an emerging mdern city.
3．(2020·北京朝阳期中)S the next time I see that persn I als see the name n his r her face, and that is why/hw I never frget a name.
4．(2020·河北衡水中学一调)There is n dubt that the event will attract mre visitrs t enjy visiting this wnderful city.
5．(2020·湖北重点高中联合协作体期中)Experts hld the pinin that a small amunt f stress can be gd in exams.
6．(2020·北京顺义二模)I lst my wallet after ging shpping last Friday evening.But I culdn’t remember where I lst it.
7．(2020·哈尔滨三中二调)The impact and ultimate result depend n what yu d with the difficulties that yu have.
8．(2020·哈尔滨六中二模)In Martin’s wrld, we are nt sure __whether the gd will win in the end r nt.
9．(2020·吉林普通高中调研)It is pssible that caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, t.
10．(2020·济宁二模)Yung wmen seem t perfrm wrse than men n highlevel math tests.That is what has cnfused the educatrs fr ages.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)I was wndering why was the matter when my little brther began t cugh ludly. why→what
2．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)Which impresses me mst is Miss Zhang’s way f teaching. Which→What
3．(2020·呼和浩特二模)This is which I’ve learned frm my experience. which→what
4．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)They hld a strng belief playing games is a waste f time. 在belief后加that
5．(2020·开封质检)It is cheerful what the lcal authrities have prmised them t shrten the time f btaining it.what→that
6．(2020·临汾一中等联考)It’s nt easy fr us t accept the fact which we are ging t leave ur belved schl. which→that
7．Tday, English is which my strength lies.And I’m grateful t my English teacher. which→where
8．The first reasn why I cnsider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm persnality. because→that
9．Everyne in the village is very friendly; it desn’t matter that yu have lived there fr a shrt r a lng time.that→whether
10．It is knwn t us it takes many years t gain the skills f an expert. 在us后加that
引导词
作用
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，不用if
what, wh, whse, which， whatever, whichever, whever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
hw, when, where， why等
在从句中作状语
从属连词
that, whether, if
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
从属连词
that, whether, if
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
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