(通用版)高考英语三轮冲刺课件专题五　完形填空 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语三轮冲刺课件专题五　完形填空 (含答案)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了篇章分析，解题步骤，解题策略，考点一，考点二，考点三等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题五　完形填空
篇章分析
解题步骤
解题策略
篇章分析
解题步骤
解题策略
篇章分析
解题步骤
解题策略
篇章分析
解题步骤
解题策略
1.选材特点(1)题材:文章注重原汁原味,内容积极,贴近考生生活。选材融知识性、可读性、教育性和趣味性于一体,体现出丰富的内涵。所有选材均取自正规严肃英文媒体,比如,2019全国Ⅰ选材于“美国有线电视新闻网”(CNN),全国Ⅱ选材于《读者文摘(美)》(The Reader’s Digest),全国Ⅲ选材于“人文社科论文资源库(美)”(www.questia.com)。文章长度一般为250词左右,结构完整、脉络清晰、难度适中。(2)体裁:以记叙文为主,偶尔出现夹叙夹议文,所以在备考中考生应高度重视记叙文和夹叙夹议文类的完形填空。
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2.设题规律(1)设空词类主要是四类词:名词、动词、形容词、副词。多数情况下,名词和动词最多,其次为形容词和副词,偶尔还涉及介词等。在考查语言知识的能力上,更突出了“语境优先,重在运用”的命题导向。考生要避免过分关注结构而忽视对语篇语境的理解和把握。(2)稳定中有变化。近三年高考完形填空在选项的设置上,有时会打破传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2017全国Ⅰ的第56题的四个选项由两个动词和两个动词短语构成。
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满分答题流程:Step Ⅰ⇒通读全文,把握主旨。⇒在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息,注意找出文章的关键词、中心词,画出某些代表人物和情节的词句,理清“情节线”和“情感线”,形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。Step Ⅱ⇒上下求索,先易后难。⇒完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次,做题时先易后难,遇到没有把握的题目时,可暂时跳过空格,顺着原来的思路推进,等到大部分空格选出答案后,借助已补全的信息,回头扫除“钉子户”。Step Ⅲ⇒复读全文,微调答案。⇒做完题后,把填好的短文通读一遍,看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突,必要时加以改正。
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1.左顾右盼——找复现在完形填空题中,学生可以利用上下文的复现信息,确定正确答案。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。(1)原词复现:由于表达的需要,有时在上下文中同一词会重复出现。考生可以借助这一信息来选择答案。
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【典例】She also encouraged her daughter not to feel like she should secretly be friends with Jane but to feel proud of her 　　　　　with her. So the true friendship seeks to give,not to take;to help,not to be helped;to minister,not to be ministered to.A.study B.friendshipC.sympathy D.performanceB　由后面的原词(friendship)复现来看,这里应该用friendship,意为“友谊”。
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(2)同义词、近义词、反义词复现:同义词、近义词和反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文语意连贯起来。【典例】(2018全国Ⅲ,节选)The baby was born and update texts were coming quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa.In her 　　　,she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. A.opinion B.anxietyC.excitement D.effortC　由语境可知,当了祖母的Teresa非常激动,上文“overjoyed grandmother”中的“overjoyed”是选项“excitement”的同义词复现。
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(3)同根词复现:考生还可借助复现的同根词来确定答案。如conclude→conclusion,conclusive→conclusively等。【典例】It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome,Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s harbor was already full of ice,so it couldn’t come by ship.Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 　　　roads. A.narrow B.snowyC.busy D.dirtyB　本题可以利用同根词复现解题。根据选文第一段可知,大雪覆盖了道路,切断了小镇与世界的联系,故汽车和马无法在满是雪的(snowy)道路上行进,空格处与第一段最后一个单词snow是同根词复现。故选B项。
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2.思前想后——觅逻辑利用逻辑关系解题是通过分析设空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连词和起连接词作用的短语;二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。利用这些逻辑关系,能把握文章的叙述经过,继而在含义互不相同的选项中确定正确答案。
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【典例】Rushing out gratefully I called out over my shoulder,“By the way,what’s your name?”“I’m Rani,”she said.I turned around and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 　1　 ! Why had I thought she was cold?Rani was,well,so 　2　. 1.A.amused B.worriedC.helpless D.speechlessD　上下文语境题。作者想到自己当初对瑞妮的错误判断,而眼前的瑞妮是那么热心,因此一时竟不知道该说什么(speechless)了。amused“逗乐的”;worried“担心的”;helpless“无助的”;speechless“说不出话的”。
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2.A.calm B.niceC.proud D.cleverB　上文语境题。由上文可知,作者亲眼见到瑞妮后发现她是一个wonderful lady,于是反问自己“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢?哦,瑞妮是这么友好(nice)”。calm“冷静的”;nice“友好的,和蔼的”;proud“骄傲的”;clever“聪明的”。
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状元笔记掌握几种逻辑关系词1.表示转折关系:but,however,while,yet,sill,instead,on the contrary,on the other hand等;2.表示因果关系:therefore,consequently,thus,as a result,on account of等;3.表示并列与让步关系:and,although,though,however,in spite of,neither...nor,even if(though)等;4.表示递进与强调关系:furthermore,moreover,additionally,actually,worse still等。
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3.上下求索——析语境完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇,因此必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。做题时应该把握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系,切勿断章取义、就题论题、忽略上下文的信息提示。词语在特定的语境中所表达的信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知,相当一部分选项要根据上下文隐藏的信息词来确定答案。因此,在觉得两个或更多的选项都正确时,可以借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定信息,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
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【典例1】I was on my lunch break and had 　　　the office to get something to eat.On the way,I saw a busker (街头艺人),with a hat in front of him. A.left B.cleanedC.prepared D.searchedA　从后面的“On the way”可以看出,在中午休息时间,“我”离开了办公室去买饭吃,所以该空应该选择left,意为“离开”。
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【典例2】I put my head in,expecting the worst.But to my surprise,the room wasn’t empty at all.It had furniture,curtains,a TV,and even paintings on the wall.And then on the well-made bed sat Amy,my new 　　　,dressed neatly. A.roommate B.classmateC.neighbor D.companionA　空格前出现了room,furniture,curtains,a TV等信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
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4.依托常识——轻松选完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇,它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,但其中有时渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景和生活常识知识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
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【典例1】(2018浙江,节选)One day I met a former classmate of mine who was 　　　a lot of money running a sideline (副业).Since his regular job was...and succeed. A.raising B.wastingC.demanding D.makingD　下文的“succeed”告诉我们,他成功了,根据他的职业a sideline (副业),并结合常识,这里表达的意思是作者的老同学靠副业赚了很多钱,故应为making。make money意为“赚钱”。
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【典例2】Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks,which had been made 　　　　　as they melted (融化) and refroze in the snow. A.strange B.largeC.deep D.roughB　根据常识判断,当这类footprints melted and refroze in the snow时,它们的确有可能会变得strange,large,deep或 rough(=not smooth)。但在诸多特征里面,最能引起人们联想到雪人与一般动物的脚印不同之处是其“大”,而非其他。另外还有这样一个常识:雪上较深的印痕经过融化和再次冻结后,会变得更大一些。
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5.情感态度——避主观完形填空一般为叙事类的文章,在叙述事件时,会包含着作者的感情和态度,因此,在阅读和解题的过程中,要留意和揣摩反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词等。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受,从而做到不因主观臆断而错选。
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【典例】(2018全国Ⅱ,节选)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him.So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 　　　!I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.The bay was bathed in sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. A.scared B.shockedC.thrilled D.ashamedC　scared“害怕的”;shocked“吃惊的”;thrilled “非常兴奋的”;ashamed“内疚的,惭愧的”。根据第一段可知作者即将要见到分别了13年的儿子,再结合第二段第二句“I arrived early at Byron Bay”,作者早早地就来到了见面的地点,可知他应该是感到非常兴奋的。
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6.熟词生义——巧利用《课程标准》中的词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,没有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。因此要注意选项词语的不同意义,然后根据语境确定答案。
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【典例1】 (2019全国Ⅰ,节选)The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　　　of Kilimanjaro. A.position B.ageC.face D.nameC　乞力马扎罗山因为人类活动所受到的影响,冰川正在消失,这改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face此处意为“外观;面貌”。
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【典例2】After 　　　　　the British flag at the Pole,they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A.Growing B.puttingC.planting D.layingC　根据常识,南极地区冰雪覆盖,须费好大的劲才能将旗插进极地,plant用作动词时常见意思为“种植”,在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”,故答案为C项。
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记叙文【阅卷寄语】记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式,其特点为:以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅;大量使用动词;适当出现直接引语。在解题时,首先要抓住文章主题思想,这样做题才有方向,才能提高针对性。其次要明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度:第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述,考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”,即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等,这样有助于走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的含义。
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典题感悟主题语境:人与社会——人际交往　建议用时:17’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2018全国Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “sorry,　1　number!”and move on.But when Dennis Williams　2　a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him,he did something　3　. On March 19,Dennis got a group text　4　him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital,waiting for the　5　of a baby. 
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“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis　6　.The baby was born and update texts were　7　quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa.In her　8　,she didn’t seem to realize that she was　9　the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.“Well,I don’t　10　you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new　11　were in. Much to the family’s surprise,Dennis stuck to his　12　! He turned up at the hospital　13　gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey’s husband was totally　14　by the unexpected visit.“I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we　15　it and the gifts.” 
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Teresa　16　a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website　17　by the touching words:“What a　18　this young man was to our family! He was so　19　and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the　20　of social media users all over the world,receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. 【语篇解读】无论我们是否彼此相识,承诺永远都是不变的信仰。丹尼斯和一家陌生人之间发生的故事就告诉我们什么叫做“一诺千金”。
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1.A.unlucky　　　　　　　　B.secretC.new D.wrong答案:D解析:由上文可知,多数人收到未知号码发来的手机短信时往往第一反应都会说“抱歉,号码错误!”,再由下文第三段中的“But I think someone was mistaken”中的mistaken“错误的,搞错的,误解的”可知,答案为D项。2.A.received B.translatedC.copied D.printed答案:A解析:A项“收到,接到”;B项“翻译”;C项“拷贝,模仿,抄写”;D项“打印,印刷”。该段首句及第二段首句中均用到动词get,在此为“接到,收到”短信之意,所以答案为A项。
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3.A.reasonable B.specialC.necessary D.practical答案:B解析:A项“合情合理的”;B项“特别的,特殊的”;C项“必要的,必须的”;D项“实际的,实践的,实用的”。由后文内容可知,丹尼斯收到陌生号码发来的短信,没有像别人一样忽略,而是回复并祝贺对方,还承诺到医院去看望陌生人一家。他做了别人通常不会做的事情,所以选择B项。
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4.A.convincing B.remindingC.informing D.warning答案:C解析:A项“使……相信,使……信服”;B项“提醒,使……想起”;C项“通知,告知”;D项“警告,警示”。短信的功能就是告知信息,所以答案为C项。句意:3月19日,丹尼斯收到了一条群发短信,告诉他一对他并不认识的夫妻正在医院等待婴儿的出生。5.A.wake-up B.recoveryC.growth D.arrival答案:D解析:A项“醒来”;B项“恢复,痊愈”;C项“生长,成长”;D项“抵达,到达,来到,降临”。由第三段中的“The baby was born...”可知,陌生人一家在等待婴儿的降生,所以选择D项。
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6.A.responded B.interruptedC.predicted D.repeated答案:A解析:A项“回复,回答”;B项“打断,中断”;C项“预测,预料”;D项“重复”。由前文“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken”可知,丹尼斯回复了这条陌生人发来的短信,所以答案为A项。7.A.coming in B.setting outC.passing down D.moving around答案:A解析:A项“进来,到达”;B项“动身,出发”;C项“流传”;D项“走来走去”。由下文“she didn’t seem to realize...the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.”可知,这位欣喜的祖母给丹尼斯的新短信很快地发送过来,答案为A项。
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8.A.opinion B.anxietyC.excitement D.effort答案:C解析:A项“观点,看法”;B项“焦虑,焦急”;C项“兴奋,激动”;D项“努力”。由该段前文中的“overjoyed(万分高兴的,欣喜若狂的)”可知,答案为C项。句意:特蕾莎处于兴奋状态,并没有意识到她正在和一位完全陌生的人分享孩子的照片。9.A.comparing B.exchangingC.discussing D.sharing答案:D解析:A项“比较”;B项“交流,交换”;C项“讨论”;D项“分享”。发送短信和图片,通过这种方式一起分享幸福和快乐,所以答案为D项。
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10.A.accept B.knowC.believe D.bother答案:B解析:由第二段中的“a couple he didn’t know”可知,丹尼斯和对方一家人并不认识,所以答案为B项。 11.A.parents B.doctorsC.patients D.visitors答案:A解析:由空前面的“new”及第二段中的“a couple”可知,这里指的是丹尼斯没来得及问清楚这对新父母在哪个房间,所以答案为A项。
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12.A.dream B.promiseC.agenda D.principle答案:B解析:A项“梦想”;B项“诺言,承诺”;C项“议程,一览表”;D项“准则,原则”。由上一段中的“I will get there to take pictures with the baby”及该段中的“He turned up at the hospital...”可知,丹尼斯向对方做出了承诺,并履行了自己的诺言,所以答案为B项。13.A.bearing B.collectingC.opening D.making答案:A解析:A项“忍受,生育,携带”;B项“收集,募集”;C项“打开,开放,张开”;D项“制作,生产”。由后文的“gifts”可知,丹尼斯到医院看望这一家人,还带了礼物,所以答案为A项。
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14.A.discouraged B.relaxedC.astonished D.defeated答案:C解析:A项“泄气的,灰心的,气馁的”;B项“放松的,自由的”;C项“惊讶的”;D项“被击败的,被战胜的”。由该空后面的“unexpected(意想不到的,始料不及的)”可知,答案为C项。句意:Lindsey的丈夫对这位“不速之客”的到来感到非常意外。15.A.admit B.needC.appreciate D.expect答案:C解析:A项“承认,接纳”;B项“需要”;C项“欣赏,感激”;D项“期待,料想”。这一家人对丹尼斯的到来自然是非常感激,所以答案为C项。
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16.A.found B.selectedC.developed D.posted答案:D解析:A项“发现,找到”;B项“选择”;C项“发展,形成”;D项“张贴,邮寄,发布,宣布”。由后面的“on a social networking website”可知,特蕾莎把这次邂逅的照片发布在某个社交网站上,所以答案为D项。17.A.confirmed B.simplifiedC.clarified D.accompanied答案:D解析:A项“确认,批准,证实”;B项“简化”;C项“净化,澄清”;D项“陪伴,伴奏,附加,补充”。由后文可知,特蕾莎不仅在社交网站上发布了照片,而且还附上了一些感人的文字,所以答案为D项。
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18.A.pity B.blessingC.relief D.problem答案:B解析:A项“怜悯,同情”;B项“祝福,好事,福分”;C项“宽慰,解除,减轻”;D项“问题”。句意:这个年轻人为我们一家人带来多好的福气啊!根据句意可知答案为B项。 19.A.smart B.calmC.sweet D.fair答案:C解析:A项“聪明的,机灵的”;B项“冷静的,镇定的”;C项“甜的,愉快的,温柔的,亲切的,贴心的”;D项“公平的,晴朗的,美丽的”。丹尼斯不仅兑现承诺来看望这一家人,而且还带了礼物,因此这一家人觉得他亲切、贴心和善良,所以答案为C项。
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20.A.sympathy B.attentionC.control D.trust答案:B解析:A项“同情,怜悯”;B项“关注,注意力”;C项“控制”;D项“信任”。由后文内容可知,这件事引发了全世界社交媒体用户的关注,三天内就收获了超过184,000次分享和61,500次点赞,所以答案为B项。
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【状元笔记】核心词汇积累1.bear携带;update最新的;overjoyed 欣喜若狂的;unexpected预料之外的,意外的;randomly 随机地,随意地;touching感人的,动人的;blessing幸运,福祉;gain获得,赢得2.be intended for专供……用;stick to遵守,坚持;turn up 出现,到来;invite sb over邀请某人来
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考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与社会——助人为乐　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019山东烟台二模)Two years ago,my friend and I were at college.With his birthday quickly 　1　,he came to me with an unusual 　2　:instead of receiving presents,he wanted to do some acts of kindness. I was 　3　 with such an idea.　4　 instead of taking for the birthday was really different.I asked him how he could come up with such a 　5　 idea.He told me about a TED talk he had watched on generosity,which had 　6　 him.So we started to 　7　 creative things we could do. 
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Our university employed some security guards to 　8　 its students.They have to work 　9　,keeping watch on every corner throughout the university.For the most part it’s a thankless job as most people grow 　10　 to seeing the guards all around and eventually barely notice their 　11　,let alone acknowledge their efforts.How could we show them our appreciation? We decided to make a large pot of hot 　12　.We hired a Uber and asked the driver to take us around the campus where we knew the 　13　 would be and we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate.The Uber driver was 　14　 a bit doubtful to the entire plan but after a while he was helping us 　15　 the guards and our lively spirit had 　16　 to him as well.We were met with many 　17　 and appreciative words.It was amazing to see how a 　18　act or even intention of generosity can lift everyone’s spirit. 
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I now realize that special energy is created when you choose to think bigger than yourself and act in 　19　 of others.You’ll find it’s actually the greatest 　20　 you’ve never get,especially when it’s your birthday. 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者的大学朋友决定在生日时做一些善行而不是收礼物。于是作者和朋友一起策划在生日那天给守卫校园的警卫们送去热巧克力。他们乘坐的优步司机起初对计划有点怀疑,最后也加入到了他们的计划当中。这件事使得作者明白一个小小的行为,甚至是慷慨的意图,都能提升每个人的精神状态。
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1.A.ending B.passingC.advancing D.approaching答案:D解析:句意:随着他生日越来越近(approaching)。end“结束”;pass“通过”;advance“提前”。故选D项。2.A.order B.requestC.problem D.story答案:B解析:句意:他带着一个不寻常的请求(request)来找我:他生日想做一些善举而不是收礼物。order“命令”;problem“问题”;story“故事”。故选B项。
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3.A.struck B.blessedC.burdened D.bored答案:A解析:句意:我被他这样的想法所打动(struck)。bless“保佑”;burden“负担”;bore“烦扰”。故选A项。4.A.Refusing B.EarningC.Giving D.Donating答案:C解析:句意:过生日时,给予而不是得到真的很不一样。做善举是一种“给予(give)”的行为。refuse“拒绝”;earn“赚”;donate“捐赠”。故选C项。
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5.A.traditional B.complexC.familiar D.novel答案:D解析:句意:我问他怎么想到这么一个奇异的(novel)主意的。traditional“传统的”;complex“复杂的”;familiar“熟悉的”。故选D项。6.A.controlled B.supportedC.inspired D.rewarded答案:C解析:control“控制”;support“支持”;inspire“鼓舞”;reward“奖赏”。句意:他给我讲了一个他在TED上看到的关于慷慨的演讲鼓舞了他。故选C项。
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7.A.plan out B.take overC.watch for D.hold back答案:A解析:句意:因此我们开始策划(plan out)一些我们能做的有创造性的事情。take over“接管”;watch for“当心”;hold back“退缩”。故选A项。8.A.judge B.helpC.monitor D.protect答案:D解析:根据上文security guards可知是保护(protect)学生,故选D项。judge“判断”;help“帮助”;monitor“监控”。
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9.A.step by step B.around the clockC.more or less D.now and then答案:B解析:句意:保安必须夜以继日地(around the clock)工作,对大学的每一个角落都保持警惕。故选B项。step by step“逐步地”;more or less“或多或少”;now and then“时不时”。10.A.addicted B.devotedC.attached D.accustomed答案:D解析:句意:在大多数情况下,这是一份吃力不讨好的工作,因为大多数人越来越习惯(accustomed)看到周围的警卫。故选D项。addict“上瘾”;devote“献身”;attach“附加;依恋”。
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11.A.presence B.hungerC.poverty D.thirsty答案:A解析:因为习惯了到处都是警卫,因此最终几乎注意不到他们的存在(presence)。故选A项。hunger“饥饿”;poverty“贫困”;thirsty“渴的”。12.A.tea B.milkC.porridge D.chocolate答案:D解析:根据下文“we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate”可知“我们”决定制作热巧克力,故选D项。
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13.A.workers B.studentsC.guards D.drivers答案:C解析:我们让司机带我们去警卫在的地方。故选C项。14.A.finally B.initiallyC.occasionally D.frequently答案:B解析:句意:优步司机最初(initially)对整个计划有点怀疑。故选B项。finally“最后的”;occasionally“偶尔地”;frequently“频繁地”。
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15.A.remind B.trackC.spot D.recognize答案:C解析:句意:但过了一会儿,他帮我们找到(spot)了警卫。故选C项。remind“提醒”;track“追踪;认出;找到”;recognize“识别”。16.A.spread B.movedC.happened D.returned答案:A解析:spread“传播;感染”;move “移动”;happen“发生”;return“归还”。句意:我们活泼的精神也感染了他。故选A项。
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17.A.friends B.difficultiesC.greetings D.smiles答案:D解析:句意:我们遇到了许多微笑(smile)和感激的话。故选D项。18.A.similar B.smallC.daily D.modest答案:B解析:similar“相似的”;small“小的”;daily“日常的”;modest“谦虚的”。句意:看到一个小小的行为,甚至是慷慨的意图,都能提升每个人的精神状态,真是令人惊讶。故选B项。
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19.A.service B.placeC.charge D.memory答案:A解析:service“服务”;place“地方”;charge“费用”;memory“记忆”。句意:我现在意识到,当你选择超越自我,为他人服务时,就会产生一种特殊的能量。故选A项。20.A.lesson B.attentionC.gift D.care答案:C解析:lesson“课程”;attention“注意”;gift“礼物”;care“关心”。句意:你会发现它是你收到过的最棒的礼物。故选C项。
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B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——文化传承　建议用时:15’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019山东泰安高三第二次月考)These days,upcycling(升级改造) is popular with people.They 　1　 something unique from existing materials rather than buy more.My granny,Bobo has spent 92 years doing just that out of necessity. Wasting time and resources was 　2　 an option in the world she grew up in.With seven children to 　3　,she lived a hard and economical life.Bobo has been upcycling since the day Great-Granny Annie put a needle in her hand and 　4　 her how to give new 　5　 to every fabric(织物)in their farmhouse. 
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Just like Bobo,my mother,Cindy 　6　 making her clothes.She 　7　 her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 　8　 at the can factory.One generation passed on to the next the 　9　 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand. Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter the budget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 　10　.From a baby blanket to a bib(围嘴),each treasure 　11　 a special quality of personalization.In my home I am 　12　 by upcycling at its best. Thanks to Bobo’s 　13　 ways,the artistry of handwork lives on in four 　14　 of crafters.Granny Bobo lived it.Mom carried it on.I am picking it up by listening and 　15　.Now my daughter,Greta,is also learning to use those 　16　. 
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I sit and watch 　17　 as Bobo’s hands weave a needle and thread.In 92 years,her hands have known and 　18　 life,home and family.Age has brought the 　19　 of some memories.But if you listen to her stories while she 　20　,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了多亏了外祖母Bobo的传统方法,手工艺得以在四代手工匠之间流传。时光带走了一些记忆,但是当外祖母缝纫的时候,你聆听她讲故事,你会和她一起进行一次穿越时光之旅。
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1.A.change B.createC.choose D.replace答案:B解析:由“something unique”可知,她们用现有的材料创造一些独一无二的东西。故选B项。2.A.always B.everC.never D.usually答案:C解析:根据句意“在她长大的那个世界里浪费时间和资源,绝不是一种选择。”故选C项。
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3.A.feed B.teachC.protect D.encourage答案:A解析:根据下文的“she lived a hard and economical life”可知,她有七个孩子需要喂养,过着一种艰难和节约的生活。故选A项。4.A.made B.taughtC.caught D.bought答案:B解析:语境可知,由于家境贫寒“从曾祖母把针放到她手里,教给她如何赋予布新的生命那天起,外祖母就开始升级改造了。”可知,选B项。
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5.A.life B.natureC.will D.power答案:A解析:根据句意“教给她如何赋予布新的生命那天起,外祖母就开始升级改造了。”可知,选A项。6.A.turned up B.grew upC.settled down D.calmed down答案:B解析:句意:就像外祖母一样,我的母亲长大了也自己做衣服。turn up“出现”;grow up“长大”;settle down“定居”;calm down“平静下来”。故选B项。
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7.A.borrowed B.spreadC.designed D.exchanged答案:C解析:根据上文的“making her clothes”和下文的“her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 　8　 at the can factory”可知,她设计她回家穿的连衣裙,用她在罐头厂工作挣的钱买布料。故选C项。 8.A.bargaining B.workingC.inspecting D.wandering答案:B解析:根据句中的“at the can factory”可知,她在罐头厂工作。故选B项。
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9.A.art B.dutyC.type D.task答案:A解析:根据下文的“creating something beautiful and useful by hand”可知,手工创造一些美丽的、有用的艺术品被从一代传给下一代。故选A项。10.A.impossible B.preciousC.worthless D.accessible答案:D解析:根据句中的“Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter the budget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts”可知,外祖母和母亲的缝纫技巧意味着无论是圣诞、生日还是结婚的礼物都可得到。accessible“可得到的”符合语境。故选D项。
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11.A.carries B.losesC.demands D.extends答案:A解析:句意:每个珍品都带着一种特殊的个性化的品质。carry“携带”;lose“失去”;demand“要求”;extend“延伸”。故选A项。12.A.filled B.controlledC.disturbed D.surrounded答案:D解析:句意:在我家里,我被处于最好状态的升级改造品所包围。surround“包围”。故选D项。
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13.A.modern B.strangeC.traditional D.regular答案:C解析:根据下文的“the artistry of handwork lives on in four 　14　 of crafters”可知,多亏了Bobo传统方法,手工艺得以在四代手工匠之间流传。故选C项。 14.A.decades B.scenesC.occasions D.generations答案:D解析:由“One generation passed on to the next the 　9　 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand”可知,多亏了Bobo的传统方法,手工艺得以在四代手工匠之间流传。故选D项。 
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15.A.arguing B.observingC.complaining D.photographing答案:B解析:根据句中的“I am picking it up by listening”和下文的“I sit and watch 　17　 as Bobo’s hands weave a needle and thread”可知,“我”是通过听和观察学会的。故选B项。 16.A.details B.hintsC.skills D.outlines答案:C解析:在“Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter the budget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 　10　”里捕捉到关键词skills,可知这里意思是现在“我”的女儿也正在学习使用这些技巧。故选C项。 
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17.A.closely B.randomlyC.carelessly D.secretly答案:A解析:作者学习传统手艺,应该是仔细观察。closely“仔细地”符合语境。故选A项。18.A.betrayed B.evaluatedC.wasted D.treasured答案:D解析:句意:九十二年以来,她的双手了解和珍惜生活、家庭和家人。betray“背叛”;evaluate“评估”;waste“浪费”;treasure“珍惜”。故选D项。
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19.A.loss B.recoveryC.strength D.storage答案:A解析:由“But if you listen to her stories while she 　20　,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.”可知,时光带走了一些记忆的遗失。故选A项。 20.A.chats B.cooksC.jogs D.sews答案:D解析:根据上文的“as Bobo’s hands weave needle and thread”可知,Bobo做缝纫。故选D项。
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【状元笔记】佳句积累原句:But if you listen to her stories while she sews,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.句式分析:这是一个复合句。主句是you’ll journey back to the old farm with her,if引导条件状语从句,条件状语从句中又有while引导的时间状语从句。句意:但是如果你在她缝衣服的时候听她讲故事,你就会和她一起回到那个古老的农场。
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C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务　建议用时:16’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019全国Ⅱ)It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home,following a weekend of hunting,Ehlers 　1　 about the small dog he had seen 　2　 alongside the road.He had 　3　 to coax(哄) the dog to him but,frightened,it had 　4　. 
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Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that 　5　 dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove 　6　.After a long and careful 　7　,Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 　8　 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 　9　.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face. A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 　10　 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 　11　 number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 　12　 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 　13　 their dog. Jeff had 　14　 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog,Rosie,but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched 　15　 for Rosie in the next four days. 
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Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 　16　 enough to go to that kind of 　17　,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 　18　. “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 　19　 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog,I’d hope that somebody would be 　20　 to go that extra mile.” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走丢的宠物狗的故事。
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1.A.read B.forgotC.thought D.heard答案:C解析:根据上文的following a weekend of hunting可知,Ehlers是在狩猎回家的路上,再结合下文的he had seen可知,此处表示他想起了他看到的那只小狗。think about“想起”。2.A.fighting B.tremblingC.eating D.sleeping答案:B解析:根据下文可知,这是一只走丢的狗,所以trembling符合语境。根据下文的coax和frightened可排除A、C、D三项。
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3.A.tried B.agreedC.promised D.regretted答案:A解析:由第二段的“... succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.”提示可知,此处用try to do sth.“试图做某事”符合语境。agree“同意”;promise“答应”;regret“后悔”。4.A.calmed down B.stood upC.rolled over D.run off答案:D解析:根据上文的frightened可知,狗害怕了,由常识推知,它应是跑开了。
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5.A.injured B.stolenC.lost D.rescued答案:C解析:根据第三段的“...as lost in the local paper.”提示可知,此处应填lost。6.A.home B.pastC.back D.on答案:C解析:根据下文的“...Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 　8　 away.”可知,他和朋友又开车回去了,所以填back。 
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7.A.preparation B.explanationC.test D.search答案:D解析:根据空前的形容词long and careful,结合下文的“...Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 　8　 away.”可知,此处应为“寻找”,所以填search。 8.A.cautiously B.casuallyC.skillfully D.angrily答案:A解析:上文提到这是一只走丢的狗,结合上一段中的frightened可知,此处填cautiously(小心翼翼地)符合语境。
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9.A.surprise B.joyC.hesitation D.anxiety答案:B解析:根据replaced以及下文的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.”可知,所填的词应该是和Nervousness and fear意思相反的词,浏览选项可知B项符合语境。10.A.predicted B.advertisedC.believed D.recorded答案:B解析:根据下文的“The ad...”提示可知,此处应填advertised。此处为同义复现。
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11.A.house B.phoneC.street D.car答案:B解析:根据下文的“Ehlers 　12　 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them...”可知,广告上有电话号码。 12.A.called B.copiedC.counted D.remembered答案:A解析:由于广告上有电话号码,Ehlers要告诉他们,自然要给他们打电话。call“(给……)打电话”。
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13.A.fed B.adoptedC.found D.cured答案:C解析:根据上文可知,他找到了那条狗。所以此处应是Ehlers在电话里告诉对方他找到了狗。14.A.hunted B.skiedC.lived D.worked答案:A解析:根据下文提到的“...but the gun shots had scared the dog off.”可知,Jeff和他的狗一起外出狩猎,所以填hunted。
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15.A.on purpose B.on timeC.in turn D.in vain答案:D解析:根据上文可知,Jeff的狗走丢了,他一直没有找到它,所以此处应填“in vain”,表示“徒劳地”。16.A.cares B.seesC.suffers D.learns答案:A解析:根据上文可知,Ehlers回到Minnesota后,驱车100英里到达Minneapolis,把狗送上了去Michigan的航班。由此可知,此处填cares符合语境。
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17.A.place B.troubleC.waste D.extreme答案:B解析:由上题解析可知,Ehlers费了很大劲把小狗送回主人身边,此处用短语go to the trouble(不辞劳苦)符合语境。18.A.service B.planC.effort D.team答案:C解析:此处指Ehlers为救这只走丢的狗而做出的努力,所以填effort。service“服务”;plan“计划”;team“团队”。
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19.A.equal B.allergicC.grateful D.close答案:D解析:此处讲述的是Ehlers当时的想法,他认为丢狗的人和狗的关系就如同他和自己的狗一样亲近。be close to“和……亲近”。20.A.suitable B.proudC.wise D.willing答案:D解析:此处是Ehlers提出了一种假设,如果他的狗走丢了,他希望也有人会愿意像他那么做。be willing to do“乐意做某事”。
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【状元笔记】话题词汇巧积累1.follow vt.在……后发生;tremble v.颤抖,哆嗦;trouble vt.使忧虑;cautiously adv.小心地,谨慎地;figure 认为,以为2.succeed in doing sth 做成某事;in vain白费力气;go to that kind of trouble费那功夫;go that extra mile孜孜以求
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Passage 4主题语境:人与社会——热心助人　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019天津)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night,when fear seized me.My wallet was gone.I could only have left it on the G9 bus,which was now speeding in the dark to some 　1　 station. The 　2　 moment was quickly followed by mental math.How much time and money would it cost to replace the 　3　 of that little wallet?The credit cards,the driver’s license,the cash,all lost to the bus. 
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Two hours later,back at my house,I heard a knock on the door.My husband 　4　 it while I was on the phone in the dining room.“Does Jennifer live here?”I heard a lady say.In my husband’s hand was my wallet,with not a penny 　5　.She left before I could 　6　 make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online,I heard from someone,who 　7　 the lady as Erin Smith.Without 　8　,I called to thank her.She said she 　9　 my wallet on a bus seat.She　10　that going to a stranger’s house was a 　11　 move,but she decided to take the chance.“If I were in that 　12　,I would want someone to try to find me,”she said. 
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This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 　13　,but she actually wasn’t the only one.Right after Erin 　14　 my wallet on the bus,she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛),trying to see 　15　 anyone knew me.No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face.I’ve never 　16　 words with those moms beyond small talk,but they wanted to help.I read that people are more divided than ever,but that’s not how the people I 　17　tend to act. 　18　,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger.Erin had gone 　19　what almost anyone would have done,finding my house on a bitterly cold night,and for that I was extremely 　20　. 
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者不小心把钱包落在了公交车上,两个小时后,一位女士冒着严寒来到她家,将钱包奉还。作者无比感激这位陌生人的拾金不昧。
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1.A.accessible B.hiddenC.unknown D.convenient答案:C解析:根据上文作者把钱包落在了9路公交车上,发现的时候已经“不知道”公交车开往哪一站了,所以是unknown。2.A.face-saving B.brain-washingC.eye-catching D.heart-stopping答案:D解析:丢了钱包,会很害怕,所以作者“心跳都停止跳动了”。
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3.A.parts B.contentsC.details D.ingredients答案:B解析:从下文的信用卡、驾照等得知这里是钱包里装的东西,用contents(内容)。part“部分”;detail“细节”;ingredient“原料,成分”。4.A.ignored B.answeredC.examined D.interrupted答案:B解析:前面说有人敲门,这里是去开门,用answer。5.A.missing B.returnedC.remaining D.abandoned答案:A解析:从上下文得知,这位女士拾金不昧,来归还钱包,所以钱包里的钱肯定一分没“少”。
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6.A.still B.everC.yet D.even答案:D解析:我“甚至”都来不及到门口和她说声谢谢她就离开了。7.A.selected B.appointedC.identified D.defined答案:C解析:我在网上分享了我的故事,就收到了回信,说知道这个还我钱包人的身份。identify“确认,认出,说明身份”;select“选择”;appoint“任命,委派”;define“下定义”。
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8.A.delay B.alarmC.regret D.invitation答案:A解析:我刚知道她的身份,就立刻给她打电话表示感谢,没有“延迟”。9.A.moved B.placedC.opened D.spotted答案:D解析:她说她在一个公交车座位上“发现”了我的钱包。10.A.disagreed B.complainedC.calculated D.recommended答案:C解析:Erin Smith女士“预测”去陌生人的家里是有一定危险的。calculate有“推测,预测”之意。
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11.A.selfless B.riskyC.slow D.personal答案:B解析:去陌生人的家里是有一定危险的,但是她还是决定试一下。12.A.site B.directionC.situation D.atmosphere答案:C解析:根据上下文可知,Erin Smith女士之所以亲自上门归还钱包是因为:如果她遇到类似的“情况”,她会希望有人能够找到她归还钱包。
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13.A.crisis B.dangerC.threat D.failure答案:A解析:根据上文可知丢失钱包是作者的一次小“危机”。danger“危险”;threat“威胁”;failure“失败”。14.A.got rid of B.made use ofC.had control of D.took possession of答案:D解析:上文说Erin女士在公交车上发现了作者的钱包,所以这里是她一“捡到”我的钱包,就在网上发了帖。take possession of “拥有,占有”;get rid of“摆脱”;make use of “利用”;have control of “控制”。
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15.A.if B.whereC.how D.when答案:A解析:Erin女士在网络论坛上发布了作者的驾照的照片,是为了看看“是否”有人认识作者。16.A.recalled B.exchangedC.repeated D.whispered答案:B解析:两位给我发邮件的女士是我儿子幼儿园同学的家长,我从未和她们说过话。exchange“交换”;recall“回忆”;repeat“重复”;whisper“耳语”。
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17.A.encounter B.followC.consult D.accompany答案:A解析:我经常在读文章时读到人与人之间的隔阂要比以往更大,但是这不是我“遇到”的人们的行为表现。encounter“遇到,认识”;follow“跟随”;consult “咨询”;accompany“陪伴”。18.A.Going away B.Turning aroundC.Looking back D.Coming along答案:C解析:“回首往事”,我觉得很幸运遇到这样愿意去帮助一个陌生人的人。go away“走开”;turn around “转身”;come along“一起来”。
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19.A.into B.againstC.over D.beyond答案:D解析:Erin做的事情“超出了”一般人会做的:冒着严寒在晚上来到一个陌生人的家里归还钱包。20.A.longing B.enthusiasticC.concerned D.grateful答案:D解析:对于Erin的举动我不胜“感激”。longing“渴望的”;enthusiastic “热情的,热心的”;concerned“关心的,担心的”;grateful“感激的”。
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夹叙夹议文【阅卷寄语】夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的,也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。“叙”是“议”的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开;“议”是“叙”的渗透。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义,作者首先叙述一件事,在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。在答题过程中,要理清文章的脉络与结构,把作者叙述的故事和要表达的观点结合起来分析,并且要把握好关联词语、语气、动作等细节的描写,从而与作者达到共鸣。平时多注意一些心灵鸡汤类的教育意义深刻、哲理性强的文章。
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典题感悟主题语境:人与社会—— “抱抱伙伴”　建议用时:17’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019,3天津)In the summer before I entered middle school,I read the book They Cage the Animals at Night.It’s a story about Jennings,a boy living in various orphanages(孤儿院)with only his stuffed animal(毛绒玩具),Doggie,for companionship.It’s a fascinating book,but little did I know how it would 　1　 my life and the lives of others. One day,as I looked across my room at the pile of stuffed animals,a(n) 　2　 came to me.I would 　3　stuffed animals for children like Jennings.　4　,I contacted agencies that support those children and they said the stuffed animals would certainly 　5　children’s spirits. 
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I named my project “Cuddle Buddies”.I wrote articles for the local and school newspapers,　6　 donations of the “buddies”—stuffed animals.My phone 　7　 ringing;schools,families,and toy factories all wanted to help.Much to my 　8　,by the second week my living
room looked like a zoo.Whenever Mom and I 　9　 the “buddies” to the agencies,the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down,too 　10　 to look but shaking with excitement. 
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Six years after its launch,Cuddle Buddies continues to 　11　.Now over 25,000 stuffed animals have been 　12　 to agencies worldwide.Simon,a seven-year-old boy in an African Children’s Home,couldn’t sleep at night after he lost his parents.When asked to choose his “buddies”,Simon 　13　a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.I never dreamed Cuddle Buddies would 　14　 this way. Upon graduating from high school,I designed a website,www.cuddlebuddies.net,to 　15　the project.The response was 　16　.More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies 　17　were established across the nation. 
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This has been a great experience.I’ve learned how to follow through on an idea and how to 　18　impact a life.I will go to college with these 　19　 in mind and continue my work with Cuddle Buddies,even when I 　20　a whole new set of exciting academic and nonacademic pursuits. 【语篇解读】 作者在读了《他们在晚上把动物关在笼子里》这本书后受影响很大。决定成立“抱抱伙伴”组织,并把它做得越来越大,引起了很大的反响。
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1.A.touch B.riskC.lead D.save答案:A解析:句意:这是一本迷人的书,但我几乎不知道它将如何影响(touch)我和其他人的生活。risk“冒险”;lead“领导”;save“节约”。故选A项。2.A.chance B.ideaC.explanation D.word答案:B解析:句意:一天,当我从房间的另一头看到那堆毛绒玩具时,我想到了一个主意(idea)。chance“机会”;explanation“解释”;word“单词”。
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3.A.display B.repairC.purchase D.collect答案:D解析:句意:我会为詹宁斯这样的孩子收集(collect)毛绒玩具。display“陈列”;repair“维修”;purchase“购买”。4.A.Previously B.OccasionallyC.Immediately D.Gradually答案:C解析:句意:我立即(Immediately)联系了支持这些孩子的机构。previously“以前”;occasionally“偶尔”;gradually“逐渐”。
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5.A.capture B.reflectC.lift D.record答案:C解析:句意:他们说毛绒玩具肯定会振奋(lift)孩子们的精神。capture“捕获”;reflect“反映;提升”;record“记录”。6.A.putting aside B.turning downC.asking for D.getting back答案:C解析:句意:我给当地和学校的报纸写文章,请求(asking for)为“伙伴”捐赠毛绒玩具。put aside“放在一边”;turn down“拒绝”;get back“回来”。
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7.A.delayed B.keptC.stopped D.meant答案:B解析:句意:我的电话一直(kept)在响:学校、家庭和玩具厂都想提供帮助。delay“耽误”;stop“阻止”;mean“意味着”。8.A.knowledge B.tasteC.regret D.delight答案:D解析:句意:令我高兴(delight)的是,到了第二周,我的客厅看起来像个动物园。knowledge“知识”;taste“品味”;regret“后悔”。
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9.A.delivered B.appliedC.rented D.returned答案:A解析:句意:每当我和妈妈把“伙伴们”送到(deliver)代理处,孩子们会低着头等在那里。apply“应用,申请”;rent“租”;return“归还”。10.A.shy B.contentC.weak D.eager答案:A解析:孩子们太害羞(shy)以至于不敢抬头看,但是兴奋得浑身发抖。content“满意的”;weak“虚弱的”;eager“渴望的”。故A项正确。
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11.A.reform B.expandC.dominate D.divide答案:B解析:句意:在推出6年后,“抱抱伙伴”继续扩大(expand)。故B项正确。reform“改革”;dominate“支配”;divide“分开”。12.A.produced B.adoptedC.sold D.donated答案:D解析:句意:现在,超过25,000只毛绒动物被捐赠给(donate)了世界各地的机构。produce“生产”;adopt“采用”;sell“卖”。
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13.A.picked out B.came acrossC.showed off D.brought up答案:A解析:句意:当被要求挑选(picked out)他的“伙伴”时,西蒙选了一只熊猫。come across“遇到”;show off“炫耀”;bring up“抚养”。14.A.decline B.workC.increase D.react答案:B解析:decline“下降”;work“起作用”;increase“增加”;react“反应”。句意:我从来没有梦想过“抱抱伙伴”将这样起作用。故B项正确。
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15.A.promote B.startC.evaluate D.examine答案:A解析:promote“促进”;start“开始”;evaluate“评价”;examine“检查”。句意:高中毕业后,我设计了一个网站www.cuddlebuddies.net来推广这个项目。故A项正确。16.A.confusing B.amusingC.automatic D.enthusiastic答案:D解析:confusing“令人困惑的”;amusing“有趣的”;automatic“自动的”;enthusiastic“热情的,狂热的”。根据下文“More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies”可知,反应热烈。故选D项。
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17.A.companies B.committeesC.branches D.institutes答案:C解析:company“公司”;committee“委员会”;branch“分支”;institute“机构”。句意:越来越多的人加入我的队伍中来,24个“拥抱伙伴”分支在全国各地成立。故选C项。18.A.financially B.positivelyC.socially D.physically答案:B解析:句意:学会了如何坚持一个想法,以及如何积极地(positively)影响一个生命。financially“财政地”;socially“社会地”;physically“身体地”。
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19.A.plans B.imagesC.lessons D.motives答案:C解析:句意:我将带着这些经验教训(lessons)去上大学,继续和“抱抱伙伴”一起工作。plan“计划”;image“影像;教训,经验”;motive“动机”。故C项正确。20.A.work out B.keep offC.rely on D.engage in答案:D解析:be engage in“参与,忙于”。句意:我从事一套全新的令人兴奋的学术和非学术追求。work out“计算出”;keep off“远离”;rely on“依靠”。
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考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与社会——助人为乐　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019四川雅礼中学一模)An 18-year-old student was struggling to pay his tuition fees.As an orphan,he didn’t know whom to 　1　 to for money.So he decided to host a musical concert at Standford University to 　2　 money for his education. 
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He reached out to the great 　3　,Ignacy Jan Paderewski.Paderewski 　4　 a fee of Us $2,000 for the piano concert.A deal was 　5　.And the boy began to 　6　 to make the concert a success. The 　7　 day arrived.Paderewski performed at Standford University.But 　8　,the boy hadn’t managed to sell enough tickets.The total 　9　 was only Us 1,600.Disappointed,he went to Paderewski and 　10　 his plight (困境).He gave Paderewski the entire Us $1,600,plus a cheque for the 　11　 of Us $400.The boy promised to 　12　 the money as soon as possible. 
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Paderewski tore up the cheque,　13　 the Us $1,600 and told the boy,“　14　 the money for your tuition fees,and just give me whatever is left.” The boy was very 　15　,and thanked him sincerely. It was a small 　16　 of kindness.We all come across 　17　 like this in our lives.And most of us only think,“If I helped them,what would happen to me?” The truly 　18　 people would think,“If I don’t help them,what would happen to them?They don’t do it 　19　 something in return.They do it because they feel it’s the 　20　 thing to do. 【语篇解读】本文通过描述Paderewski无私地帮助学生的故事,告诉我们帮助别人是不求别人回报的。
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1.A.turn B.applyC.relate D.refer答案:A解析:作为一个孤儿,他不知道该向谁借钱。turn to sb.for sth.表示“向某人寻求某物”。故选A项。apply“申请”;relate “涉及”;refer“更喜欢”。2.A.borrow B.raiseC.make D.beg答案:B解析:所以他决定在斯坦福大学举办一场音乐会,为他的教育筹集资金。根据语境,raise money“筹集资金”最符合。故选B项。borrow“借入”;make“制造”;beg“祈求”。
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3.A.pianist B.violinistC.drummer D.singer答案:A解析:他找到了伟大的钢琴家伊格纳西·扬·帕岱莱夫斯基(Ignacy Jan Paderewski)。根据下文的piano concert,此处应选pianist“钢琴家”。violinist“小提琴家”;drummer“鼓手”;singer“歌手”。4.A.promised B.demandedC.suggested D.charged答案:B解析:帕岱莱夫斯基要求为钢琴音乐会支付2,000美元。此处用demanded表示钢琴家提出要求——2000美元的出场费。故选B项。promise“许诺”;suggest“建议”;charge“填充,控告”。
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5.A.drafted B.recordedC.struck D.postponed答案:C解析:协议达成了。strike a deal表示“达成协议”。故选C项。draft“设计,草拟”;record“记录”;postpone“延期”。6.A.play B.workC.practice D.cooperate答案:B解析:达成协议之后,小伙子开始努力工作(work)来主办一场成功的音乐会。故选B项。play“玩”;practice“练习”;cooperate“合作”。
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7.A.bright B.easyC.warm D.big答案:D解析:音乐会这样重要的日子到了。此处big表示“重要的,重大的”。故选D项。bright“明亮的”;easy“容易的”;warm“温暖的”。8.A.unfortunately B.unfaithfullyC.unwillingly D.uncertainly答案:A解析:但不幸的是(unfortunately),这个男孩没能卖出足够的票。结合but以及下文的disappointed,可知结果没有达到预期,故选A项。unfaithfully“不忠实地”;unwillingly“不愿意地”;uncertainly“不确定地”。
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9.A.charge B.collectionC.gain D.cost答案:B解析:charge“指责,控告,对……索费”;collection“收集”;gain“获得”;cost“费用”。总共只有1600美元。collection表示筹集的资金;gain作名词表示利润时通常具有贬义。故选B项。10.A.analysed B.announcedC.consulted D.explained答案:D解析:失望的小伙子向钢琴家解释(explain)了自己的情况。故选D项。analyse“分析”;announce“宣布”;consult“咨询”。
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11.A.interest B.priceC.balance D.income答案:C解析:他把全部的1600美元都给了帕岱莱夫斯基,另外还给了他一张400美元余额(balance)的支票。balance此处表示余额,其他选项不符合。interest “兴趣,利益”;price“价格”;income“收入”。12.A.give back B.put awayC.take down D.leave out答案:A解析:结合语境,此处表示小伙子会尽快还钱给(give back)钢琴家。故选A项。put away“把……收好”;take down“记下,拆除”;leave out“省略”。
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13.A.hid B.dividedC.cast D.returned答案:D解析:结合下文,钢琴家将支票撕毁,并把钱还给了(return)小伙子。故选D项。hide“躲藏”;divide“分开”;cast“投,掷”。14.A.Get B.AcceptC.Keep D.Withdraw答案:C解析:钱本来就是小伙子筹集的,所以此处钢琴家应该是让小伙子把钱留着(keep)交学费。故选C项。get“得到”;accept“接受”;withdraw“撤退”。
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15.A.surprised B.panickedC.embarrassed D.terrified答案:A解析:钢琴家说的话出乎小伙子的意料(surprised),故选A项。panicked“惊慌的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;terrified“感到恐惧的”。16.A.choice B.actC.habit D.wish答案:B解析:此处表示善良的小举动(act),其他选项不符合文意。故选B项。choice“选择”;habit“习惯”;wish“愿望”。
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17.A.conversations B.examplesC.situations D.processes答案:C解析:conversation“谈话”;example“例子”;processes“过程”。此句表示我们都经历了类似的情况(situation),故选C项。18.A.brave B.smartC.great D.curious答案:C解析:此句表示真正伟大的(great)人会为他人的利益考虑,而大多数平凡的人总是先顾及自己的利益。故选C项。brave“勇敢的”;smart“聪明的;伟大的”;curious“好奇的”。
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19.A.accepting B.predictingC.charging D.expecting答案:D解析:accept“接受”;predict“预测”;charge“使充电”;expect“期待”。结合上文,真正伟大的人帮助他人不求回报。故选D项。20.A.good B.wiseC.real D.right答案:D解析:good“好的”;wise“明智的”;real“真的”;right“正确的”。真正伟大的人认为帮助他人是正确的选择。故选D项。
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B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——人生故事　建议用时:16’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019辽宁葫芦岛一模)One day,a professor entered the classroom and asked his students to prepare for a surprise test.They waited anxiously at their desks for the test to begin.The professor 　1　 the question papers,with the text facing down as usual.　2　 he handed them all out,he asked his students to 　3　 the page and begin.To everyone’s surprise,there were no 　4　,just a black dot (点)in the center of the page.The professor,seeing the expression on everyone’s face,told them the following: 
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“I want you to write what you 　5　 there.” The students,thoroughly 　6　,got started on the inexplicable(费解的) task.At the end of the class,the professor 　7　 all the answer papers and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students.All of them,with no 　8　,described the black dot,trying to explain its position in the middle of the sheet,etc.After all had been 　9　,the classroom was silent,the professor began to explain: 
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“I’m not going to grade this.I 　10　 wanted to give you something to think about.No one wrote about the 　11　 part of the paper.Everyone focused on the black dot,and the same happens in our 　12　.We have a white paper to observe and 　13　,but we always focus on the dark spots.Our life is a 　14　 given to us with love and care and we always have 　15　 to celebrate:nature renewing itself every day,our friends around us,the job 　16　 our bread and butter and the miracles we see every day.　17　,we insist on focusing only on the dark spots:the health issues that bother us,the lack of money,the 　18　 relationship with colleagues,the 　19　 with a friend,etc. The dark spots are very 　20　 compared to everything we have in our lives,but they are the ones that pollute our minds. 
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【语篇解读】教授让学生们做一份特殊的试卷而给学生们上了一堂生动的哲理课:不要太关注人生的不完美,要好好享受我们所拥有的美好。
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1.A.turned up B.handed outC.referred to D.pointed at答案:B解析:由下文“he handed them all out”可知教授进教室后给学生们分发(handed out)试卷。故选B项。第2空后(handed them all out)有原词复现。turn up“出现”;refer to“提及”;point at“指着”。2.A.Since B.UntilC.If D.After答案:D解析:下文说的是让学生翻开试卷,也就是试卷发完后,故选After,意为“在……之后”。
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3.A.turn B.shutC.open D.use答案:A解析:根据and begin可推知,教授要求学生们翻开(turn)试卷,开始答题。故选A项。shut“关上”;open“打开”;use“使用”。4.A.exercises B.choicesC.questions D.scores答案:C解析:exercise“练习”;choice“选择”;question“问题”;score“分数”。根据上文the question papers可知,令学生们吃惊的是试卷上并没有问题。故选C项。
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5.A.remember B.imagineC.study D.see答案:D解析:句意:我想要你写出你看到(see)的内容。故选D项。remember“记住”;imagine“想象”;study“学习”。6.A.surprised B.confusedC.curious D.displeased答案:B解析:由上文To everyone’s surprise和语境可推知学生们很困惑(confused)。surprised“吃惊的”;curious“好奇的”;displeased“不高兴的,生气的”。故选B项。
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7.A.marked B.finishedC.collected D.selected答案:C解析:由语境“and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students”可推知老师把分发下来的试卷收了上来(collected)。故选C项。mark“标记”;finish“结束,完成”;select“挑选”。8.A.excuse B.wayC.explanation D.exception答案:D解析:excuse“借口”;way“方式”;explanation“解释”;exception“例外”。根据语境All of them可推知,所有学生无一例外地描述了那个黑点。故选D项。
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9.A.read B.answeredC.returned D.said答案:A解析:根据上文“and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students”可知在所有的试卷被批阅(read)完后。answer“回答”;return“回到”;say“说”。10.A.also B.justC.even D.finally答案:B
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11.A.big B.blackC.white D.beautiful答案:C解析:根据下文a white paper可知没人关注卷子的空白部分。没有写字的部分就是试卷的颜色,由常识可知,应该是白色的,故选white。13空以及17空所在的句子中也有反义词(dark)复现。12.A.studies B.classroomsC.colleges D.lives答案:D解析:由下文Our life可知,教授用这件事来比喻生活。故选D项。
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13.A.enjoy B.keepC.send D.show答案:A解析:enjoy“欣赏”;keep“保持”;send“发送”;show“展示”。句意:我们有一张白纸可以拿来观察和欣赏,但我们总是只关注一个黑点。故选A项。14.A.burden B.giftC.pressure D.lesson答案:B解析:根据语境to celebrate可推知,我们的生活是一个充满关爱的礼物(gift)。burden“负担”;pressure“压力”;lesson“课程,教训”。
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15.A.reasons B.timeC.freedom D.festivals答案:A解析:根据语境always和to celebrate以及下文列举的nature renewing itself...the miracles we see every day可推知我们总是有理由(reasons)去庆祝。16.A.threatening B.ruiningC.providing D.changing答案:C解析:根据语境可知,此处表示“提供(providing)基本生活资料的工作”。
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17.A.However B.ThereforeC.Besides D.Moreover答案:A解析:由语境可知,上下文有逻辑上的转折关系。故选However“然而”。therefore“因此”;besides“此外”;moreover“而且”。18.A.close B.toughC.special D.strong答案:B解析:根据语境bother 和lack以及the dark spots可知此处是指与同事之间关系相处艰难(tough)。close“靠近的”;special“特别的”;strong“强壮的”。
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19.A.stay B.touchC.satisfaction D.disappointment答案:D解析:上文都是指生活中的不如意,对朋友的“失望(disappointment)”,故选D项。stay“待在”;touch“触碰,接触”;satisfaction“满意”。20.A.dark B.roundC.small D.dirty答案:C解析:dark“黑暗的”;round“圆的”;small“小的”;dirty“脏的”。根据上文just a black dot in the center of the page 可推知,黑点对整张试卷来讲只占了很小的一个比例,人生的不完美和我们人生的全部(everything we have in our lives)相比也是很小的一部分。
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C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 3主题语境:人与自然——自然环境　建议用时:17’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019全国Ⅱ)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year. “Of course,we 　2　 it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is 　3　,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 　4　 day.” 
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But that 　5　 when a system of high-tech 　6　 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 　7　 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 　8　.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 　9　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 　10　 and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central 　11　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 　12　,Rjukan residents gathered together. 
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“People have been 　13　 there and standing there and taking 　14　 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 　15　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 　16　 the sunshine at the same time.　17　,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 　18　 residents. “It’s not very 　19　,” she says,“but it is enough when we are 　20　.” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了挪威的Rjukan小镇由于安装了高科技反射镜系统,享受到了久违的阳光。
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1.A.only B.obviouslyC.nearly D.precisely答案:C解析:根据上文提到的“from late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan有将近六个月接受不到阳光照射,故选nearly,意为“几乎,差不多”。only“唯一的;仅有的”; obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确地; 恰好地”。2.A.fear B.believeC.hear D.notice答案:D解析:根据下文中的“We see the sky is...”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到了这一点。notice“注意;留意”;fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选D项。
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3.A.empty B.blueC.high D.wide答案:B解析:当太阳照耀时,天空是蓝色的(blue);但在山谷中,天空就暗下来了。4.A.cloudy B.normalC.different D.warm答案:A解析:根据上文中的“but down in the valley it’s darker”可知此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。
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5.A.helped B.changedC.happened D.mattered答案:B解析:根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,Rjukan的居民们享受到了第一缕暖阳,近半年得不到太阳照射的现象得以改变(change)。6.A.computers B.telescopesC.mirrors D.cameras答案:C解析:根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer that...”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反射镜系统,mirror意为“镜子”。 computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。
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7.A.remembered B.forecastedC.received D.imagined答案:C解析:根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。8.A.repair B.riskC.rest D.use答案:D解析:根据上文中的“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射阳光,此处用固定搭配put...to use“利用……”。故选D项。
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9.A.forbids B.directsC.predicts D.follows答案:B解析:根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射镜旋转。10.A.day B.nightC.month D.year答案:A解析:电脑根据一整天(throughout the day)太阳位置的变化,指挥反射镜旋转,以有效反射附近山峰上的太阳光。night“夜晚”;month“月份”;year“年”。
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11.A.library B.hallC.square D.street答案:C解析:根据下文中的“The town square was totally 　15　.”可知,应该是反射镜系统将集中的光线反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近600平方米的光区。 12.A.appeared B.returnedC.faded D.stopped答案:A解析:根据上文中的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”可知,当光线出现(appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。
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13.A.driving B.hidingC.camping D.sitting答案:D解析:根据上文可知,居民聚集到广场,或坐(sitting),或站,互相拍照。14.A.pictures B.notesC.care D.hold答案:A解析:见上题解析。take pictures“拍照”;take notes“记笔记”;take care“照顾”;take hold“抓住”。
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15.A.new B.fullC.flat D.silent答案:B解析:根据下文中的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知来到广场上的居民很多,因此整个广场是满的。故选B项。16.A.block B.avoidC.enjoy D.store答案:C解析:根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测3,500位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block“阻止; 阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。
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17.A.Instead B.HoweverC.Gradually D.Similarly答案:B解析:根据下文中的“more than enough”可知此处表示转折,因此选B项,意为“然而”。instead“代替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。18.A.nature-loving B.energy-savingC.weather-beaten D.sun-starved答案:D解析:根据上文可知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民。
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19.A.big B.clearC.cold D.easy答案:A解析:根据上文以及下文中的“but it is enough”可知,反射过来的阳光面积并不大(big)。20.A.trying B.waitingC.watching D.sharing答案:D解析:此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(share)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观看”。
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【状元笔记】话题词汇巧积累high-tech adj.高科技的;reflect vt.反射;reflective boards 反射板;put...to use应用……;be situated in/between...坐落于
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Passage 4主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2018全国Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 　1　 seen him.So imagine my 　2　 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. 
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I was 　3　!I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 　4　.The bay was 　5　 in sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.Getting a little 　6　,I realized one kayak(皮划艇) was in 　7　.“Something’s not 　8　!”I took off my T-shirt and 　9　 into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was 　10　 violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped 　11　 the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,something 　12　 to me.Those brown eyes were very 　13　.“What’s his name?”I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied,and immediately I 　14　.That stranger was my son! 
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The instructors called for an ambulance.　15　,after a brief stay in hospital,Ben was well enough to be allowed to 　16　 and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben 　17　 to me.“I just want to say thank you,”he said.“You 　18　 my life!” I still can’t believe what a 　19　 it was.I’m just so glad I was there 　20　 to help my son. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与儿子多年未见,首次约好见面,竟然巧合地从水里救了儿子一命,儿子异常感激。
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1.A.also B.oftenC.even D.last答案:D解析:两周前,“我”刚与儿子取得联系,他与“我”13年未见。此处表示,距离上一次见面,已经相隔了13年。also“也”;often“经常”;even“甚至”;last“上一次”。故选D项。2.A.delight B.reliefC.anger D.worry答案:A解析:根据上文可知,“我”与儿子13年未见,再相见,必定会非常高兴。delight“高兴,快乐”;relief“宽慰”;anger“愤怒”;worry“担忧”。故A项符合语境。
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3.A.scared B.shockedC.thrilled D.ashamed答案:C解析:根据上文可知,与儿子再次见面,“我”很高兴,也很激动。scared“害怕的”;shocked“震惊的”;thrilled“激动的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。故选C项。4.A.talk B.stayC.meet D.settle答案:C解析:根据句意可知,“我”到达了拜伦湾——我们相约见面的地方。talk“谈论”;stay“停留”;meet“见面”;settle“定居”。故选C项。
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5.A.bathed B.cleanC.deep D.formed答案:A解析:根据句意可知,此处表示:海湾沐浴着阳光。bathed“沐浴的”;clean“干净的”;deep“深的”;formed“成形的”。故选A项。6.A.faster B.closerC.heavier D.wiser答案:B解析:根据上文的“around 150m off the shore”可知,有一群玩皮划艇的人离海岸大约150米。渐渐地靠近了,“我”才意识到一艘皮划艇处于危险之中。故B项符合题意。
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7.A.trouble B.advanceC.question D.battle答案:A解析:be in trouble为固定短语,意为“处于危险之中”。8.A.real B.rightC.fair D.fit答案:B解析:根据语境可知,此处表示“我”发现了异常。real“正确的”;right“正常的”;fair“公平的”;fit“合适的”。故选B项。
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9.A.stared B.sankC.dived D.fell答案:C解析:根据上文的“took off”及下文的“into the water”可知,此处表示“我”潜入水中,故选C项。10.A.arguing B.fightingC.shouting D.shaking答案:D解析:根据上下文可知,两位教练在皮划艇上,皮划艇中间横躺着一个人,这个人摇晃得很厉害。argue“争论”;fight“斗争”;shout“大声喊叫”;shake“摇动”。
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11.A.lead B.persuadeC.carry D.keep答案:C解析:“我”与其中一位教练联手,帮忙把这个人从水中抬出来,故选C项。lead“带领”;persuade“说服”;carry“搬运”;keep“保持”。12.A.happened B.occurredC.applied D.appealed答案:B解析:此处sth. occur to sb.是固定搭配,意为“某人突然想起某事”,故选B项。
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13.A.sharp B.pleasantC.attractive D.familiar答案:D解析:根据后文可知,这个小男孩正是“我”的儿子,因此,当“我”看到他的眼睛时,会感到似曾相识,故选D项。sharp“锋利的”;pleasant“令人愉快的”;attractive“有吸引力的”;familiar“熟悉的”。14.A.agreed B.hesitatedC.doubted D.knew答案:D解析:当“我”询问了这个小男孩的名字后,“我”知道他就是“我”的儿子!故此处D项符合句意。
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15.A.Fortunately B.FranklyC.Sadly D.Suddenly答案:A解析:根据后文的“well enough”可知,最后儿子康复了,这是很幸运地。fortunately“幸运地”;frankly“坦白地”;sadly“悲伤地”;suddenly“突然地”。故选A项。16.A.return B.relaxC.speak D.leave答案:D解析:根据上文的“stay in hospital”可知,现在儿子康复了,准许出院了,即可以离开了,故选D项。
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17.A.joked B.turnedC.listened D.pointed答案:B解析:根据后文可知,此处表示儿子郑重地向“我”致谢,因此,应该是转向“我”,故选B项。18.A.created B.honoredC.saved D.guided答案:C解析:纵观全文可知,“我”跳入水中,救了儿子,故选C项。
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19.A.coincidence B.changeC.pity D.pain答案:A解析:“我”救儿子一事,整件事情的发生实属巧合,故选A项。coincidence“巧合”;change“改变”;pity“遗憾”;pain“疼痛,努力”。20.A.on board B.in timeC.for sure D.on purpose答案:B解析:根据句意可知,“我”非常高兴能够及时帮助儿子。on board“在船上”;in time“及时”;for sure“确实”;on purpose“有目的地”。故选B项。
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【状元笔记】话题词汇巧积累violently adv.剧烈地brief adj.短暂的coincidence n.巧合(的事)be supposed to do sth.按(规定、习惯、安排等)应当做某事be bathed in sunshine沐浴在阳光之中link arms with sb.和某人挽臂occur to sb.(主意或想法突然)浮现于某人脑中,被某人想起,被某人想到
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说明文【阅卷寄语】说明文语言往往较直白,写作脉络较清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以就不会有过多的情感词汇,自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点,我们便可以跟着“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,从而顺利答题。
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说明文的具体特点为:(1) 开头点题。做说明文完形填空时,要明确说明的对象是什么,是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此,明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)、空间顺序(从局部到整体,从上到下,从内到外)、逻辑顺序(先因后果,先果后因,先主后次) 或认识顺序(由此及彼,由浅入深,由具体到抽象,由现象到本质)。
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典题感悟主题语境:人与自然——旅游　建议用时:17’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 Eco-tourism involves people traveling to beautiful but environmentally sensitive places.Such trips are 　1　 carried out with an experienced guide.Over recent years,this type of travel has been steadily gaining 　2　 as more people search for new travel experiences. Eco-tourism has many benefits.First,all the 　3　 spent by the tourists is used to 　4　 the important environmental spots they visit. Second,it helps 　5　 to better understand the environment,thereby 　6　 their knowledge of the world.Furthermore,this style of travel is also more 　7　 of the local culture. 
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Compared to 　8　 tourists,eco-tourists use energy more efficiently,save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to 　9　 it.These behaviours have a 　10　 and lasting effect on the local environment. Two things are needed to make eco-tourism a(n) 　11　.First,it should be done in small groups.And second,because it requires considerable effort,both eco-tourists and locals must be 　12　 in their commitment to improving the environment. Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, 　13　 and shops.One great achievement of eco-tourism has been the 　14　 of illegal hunting.Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals 　15　 in their natural surroundings.Green travel also 　16　 local people’s quality of life,especially children’s. 
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Peru is one country using eco-tourism to promote respect for the 　17　 .It’s now able to take better care of its rainforests because of a(n) 　18　 on more sustainable (可持续的) travel. 　19　 this,local people’s living-standards have improved.Many others are now following Peru’s 　20　 and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。近几年生态旅游越来越受到大家的青睐,文章重点陈述了生态游的好处。
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1.A.finally　　 B.usuallyC.suddenly D.roughly答案:B解析:根据下文“Over recent years,this type of travel has been steadily gaining”可知,这样的旅行通常在有经验的导游帮助下进行。finally“终于”;usually“通常”;suddenly “突然”;roughly“粗糙地”。故选B项。2.A.pleasure B.satisfactionC.popularity D.freedom答案:C解析:根据下文“more people search for new travel experiences”可知,更多的人寻求新的旅游体验,所以这种旅行受到大家的欢迎。pleasure“快乐,令人高兴的事”;satisfaction“满意”;popularity“普及,受欢迎”;freedom“自由”。故选C项。
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3.A.money B.timeC.energy D.effort答案:A解析:根据下文“is used to 　　　　　the important environmental spots they visit”可知,游客所花的钱(money)被用于重要的生态景点。 4.A.pollute B.protectC.purchase D.explore答案:B解析:根据语境并结合选项可知,游客所花的钱被用来保护(protect)生态景点。pollute “污染”;purchase“购买”;explore“探索”。故选B项。
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5.A.scientists B.huntersC.guides D.visitors答案:D解析:根据常识可知,应该是生态旅游有助于游客(visitors)更好地了解自然环境。6.A.approving B.confirmingC.enriching D.supporting答案:C解析:根据上文“better understand the environment,thereby”可知,生态旅游帮助游客更好地了解自然环境,因此能够丰富他们的知识。approve“批准”;confirm“确认”;enrich“丰富”;support“支持”。故选C项。
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7.A.respectful B.awareC.uncertain D.independent答案:A解析:根据上文可知,生态游帮助游客了解、保护自然环境,对当地的文化是一种尊重。respectful“尊敬的”;aware“意识到的,知晓的”;uncertain“不确信的”;independent“独立的”。故选A项。8.A.rich B.curiousC.lazy D.normal答案:D解析:根据空格前的“Compared to”及语境可知,此处指与一般游客相比,生态游客能更有效地使用资源、节约用水等。rich “富有的”;curious“好奇的”;lazy“懒惰的”;normal“正常的”。故选D项。
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9.A.use B.recycleC.copy D.restrict答案:B解析:根据语境可知,他们想办法循环利用(recycle)资源,目的是减少垃圾的产生。10.A.challenging B.disappointingC.positive D.risky答案:C 解析:根据上文及空格后的“lasting effect on the local environment”可知,这些行为对当地环境有积极(positive)持久的意义。challenging“具有挑战性的”;disappointing “令人失望的”;risky“危险的”。故选C项。
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11.A.success B.adventureC.tool D.symbol答案:A解析:根据上文提到的两点可知,人们需要做到这两点才会让生态游成功。success“成功的事/人”;adventure“冒险”;tool“工具”;symbol“象征”。故选A项。12.A.polite B.sincereC.doubtful D.grateful答案:B解析:根据下文“their commitment to improving the environment”可知,生态游客和当地居民必须承诺在改善环境方面能够真诚。polite“礼貌的”;sincere“真诚的”;doubtful“怀疑的”;grateful“感激的”。故选B项。
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13.A.mines B.factoriesC.schools D.hotels答案:D解析:根据常识并结合选项可知,绿色旅游给当地人提供了在公园、宾馆和商店工作的机会。故选D项。14.A.ban B.resultC.decline D.appearance答案:C解析:本段列举绿色旅游的好处。根据下文“Former hunters can now work as guides”可知,以前的狩猎者现在可以做导游了,所以生态旅游的一个成就就是非法狩猎行为有所减少。ban“禁令”;result“结果”;decline“减少,下降,衰退”;appearance“外表”。故选C项。
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15.A.close B.safeC.friendly D.active答案:B解析:根据上文可知,生态旅游使非法狩猎行为减少了,以前的狩猎者现在做导游,这样有助于保证动物的安全。close“亲密的”;safe“安全的”;friendly“友好的”;active“积极的”。故选B项。16.A.influences B.examinesC.balances D.improves答案:D解析:本段列举绿色旅游的好处。根据最后一段中的“local people’s living-standards have improved”可知,绿色旅游也可以提升当地居民的生活质量。influence“影响”;examine“检查”;balance“平衡”;improve“改善,提高”。故选D项。
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17.A.environment B.lawC.economy D.hosts答案:A解析:根据下文“following Peru’s 　　　and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment”可知,提升对环境的尊重意识。environment “环境”;law“法律”;economy “经济”;host“主人”。故选A项。 18.A.effect B.theoryC.focus D.discussion答案:C解析:根据语境可知,此处指秘鲁将重点放在可持续旅游上。effect“影响”;theory“理论”;focus“中心点,焦点”;discussion“讨论”。故选C项。
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19.A.But for B.According toC.In spite of D.In addition to答案:D解析:根据语境可知,此处指除了(In addition to)能更好地保护雨林之外,生态游还有一个优势,即提高了当地人的生活水平。20.A.example B.ruleC.advice D.tradition答案:A解析:根据语境可知,此处指许多国家都效仿秘鲁,利用生态游保护环境。follow one’s example“仿效某人”,符合语境。故选A项。
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考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法主题语境:人与自然——自然生态　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 Canada in winter?Okay,yes,low 　1　 can make your face tingle(刺痛).And clearly,there’s more snow than you can 　2　 a ski stick at.But that’s what makes visiting Canada in the 　3　 months so much fun. 
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Quite simply,winter is a perfect 　4　 to visit this vast and wonderful landscape,with lifeful cities on the edge of nature,　5　 natural wonders and amazing journeys through beautiful 　6　.There you will enjoy yourself and 　7　 a good time of clear air,original ski runs,northern lights,snow trains,snowshoeing,frozen lakes,wolf howls,mountain adventures,festivals,ice fishing,and so on.These are 　8　 a few of Canada’s many winter delights. If you’re on our snowy hills,　9　 lakes,or in a village after a busy day,you’ve 　10　 the peak of modern winter fun.Out west where the wonderful scenery will 　11　 your breath,the snow is dry and soft.In the east,the altitude is lower,but the nightlife is 　12　.Just play with your family or 　13　 the party with the crowd.Relax in a five-star 　14　 or stay at the comfortable slope-side cottage. 
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Winter in Ottawa is 　15　 whether you are skating or visiting the snow.　16　 on an ice slide at snow mountains as you discover Canada’s capital city under a blanket of 　17　. When you are in the Polar Bear Capital of the World,it is fair to share them with everybody else.So Churchill 　18　 guests the opportunity to observe polar bears in their natural habitat from the safety of 　19　 buses.It doesn’t get much closer than this.As a benefit of this snowy place,Churchill has been 　20　 “The Polar Bear Capital of the World.” There are so many other beautiful places for you to adventure.So take your travelling bag,and set off right away.【语篇解读】对于追求冒险、喜欢探索和热爱壮观雪景的游客而言,加拿大无疑是冬季旅游的理想目的地。
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1.A.air B.waterC.altitude D.temperatures答案:D解析:根据后面提到脸感到刺痛(make your face tingle),可知温度(temperature)很低。2.A.shake B.throwC.aim D.knock答案:A解析:这里有比你想象还要多的供你摇着(shake)滑雪棍在上面驰骋的雪。
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3.A.hotter B.colderC.cooler D.warmer答案:B解析:分析上下文可知,恰恰因为雪多,让在加拿大游玩的游客在更冷的(colder)月份获得更多乐趣。4.A.week B.monthC.time D.scene答案:C解析:冬天是游玩广袤且美丽的加拿大的完美时期(time)。5.A.discouraging B.terribleC.surprising D.sorrowful答案:C解析:自然奇观让人惊讶(surprising)。
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6.A.snow B.iceC.forests D.scenery答案:D解析:对应上文的“wonderful landscape”,所以选scenery风景。其他三项snow,ice,forests都是风景的组成部分。7.A.have B.wasteC.find D.cost答案:A解析:和上文的“enjoy yourself”对应,指“过得开心”,用have a good time。waste“浪费”;find“找到”;cost“花费”。
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8.A.later B.justC.quite D.mostly答案:B解析:这只不过(just)是加拿大冬天快乐事情的一部分。9.A.charming B.frozenC.blue D.broken答案:B解析:由上文的our snowy hills的snowy可知,这里指的是结冰的湖,故选B项。
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10.A.reached B.leftC.explored D.discovered答案:A解析:你已经到达(reach)世界快乐之巅。和peak 搭配,用reach。leave“离开”;explore“探索”;discover“发现”。11.A.pull up B.break intoC.take away D.go through答案:C解析:西部美丽的风景足以让你窒息,也就是带走(take away)你的气息。pull up“停住、停下”;break into“突然闯入”;go through“通过;用完;检查;完成”。
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12.A.dull B.panicC.ordinary D.fantastic答案:D解析:东边尽管高度较低,但是夜生活却很梦幻(fantastic)。dull“无聊的”;panic“恐慌的,惊慌失措的”;ordinary“普通的”。13.A.hold B.takeC.understand D.join答案:D解析:和人群一起加入(join)到派对之中。hold“握住,举行”;take“拿,取;采取;接受,花费”;understand“理解”。
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14.A.train B.hotelC.garage D.plane答案:B解析:和下文的“cottage”对应,这里指的是住在五星宾馆(hotel)。15.A.attractive B.scaringC.shocking D.admiring答案:A解析:这里一直是对加拿大美景的描述,所以选attractive“迷人的”。句意:无论你是滑冰还是观雪,冬天的加拿大都是迷人的。scaring“令人害怕的”;shocking“令人吃惊的”;admiring“令人羡慕的”。
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16.A.Climb up B.Go aroundC.Move down D.Wander about答案:C解析:此处指踏着滑雪板在雪山上往下移动(move down),你可以看到渥太华笼罩在一片白色的(white)毯子之中。17.A.black B.whiteC.blue D.yellow答案:B解析:上文的snow是暗示。雪是白色的。故选white。18.A.offers B.sellsC.buys D.presents答案:A解析:丘吉尔市给游客提供(offer)机会在保护良好(well-protected)之下的车里,在北极熊的自然栖息地观察北极熊。
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19.A.bad B.poorly-protectedC.luxury D.well-protected答案:D解析:语境见上一题。bad “糟糕的”;poorly-protected“保护不好的”;luxury“奢华的”。20.A.ordered B.admittedC.called D.understood答案:D解析:丘吉尔市被称之为(called)“世界北极熊之都”。
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【状元笔记】 话题词汇巧积累simply adv.简单地perfect adj.极好的,完美的delight n.让人开心的事物attractive adj.迷人的observe vt.观察
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B组　模拟语篇提能力主题语境:人与自然——环境保护　建议用时:16’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The 　1　 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 　2　 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 　3　 a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to 　4　 an object than to spend time and money to repair it.　5　 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 　6　. 
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Another cause is our 　7　 of disposable(一次性的)products.As 　8　 people,we are always looking for 　9　 to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 　10　 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 　11　 to the problem.We are 　12　 buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 　13　 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we 　14　 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world,we can see the 　15　 of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 　16　 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 　17　,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.　18　,this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem. 
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Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions 　19　 throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about 　20　.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habit may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 【语篇解读】文章分析了为什么我们的社会变成了一个一次性物品充斥的社会,同时指出要解决这一问题,除了回收资源以外,人们更应该改变的是消费习惯。
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1.A.key B.reasonC.project D.problem答案:D解析:根据第一段末句中的“because people...than ever before”可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的问题(problem)。2.A.gifts B.rubbishC.debt D.products答案:B解析:根据空格后的原因状语从句“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知答案。
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3.A.face B.becomeC.observe D.change答案:B解析:文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。4.A.hide B.controlC.replace D.withdraw答案:C解析:因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中,和花时间与金钱修理东西相比,更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide“隐藏”;control“控制”;replace“取代”;withdraw“提取”。
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5.A.Thanks to B.As toC.Except for D.Regardless of答案:A解析:由于现代制造业和技术,公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。thanks to“幸亏,由于”。6.A.safe B.funnyC.cheap D.powerful答案:C解析:由上一句中的“produce products quickly and inexpensively”可知,产品应该是充足的、便宜的。故此空应填cheap。
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7.A.love B.lackC.prevention D.division答案:A解析:由第三段可知,人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间,使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。lack“缺乏”;prevention“预防”;division“分开,分隔”。8.A.sensitive B.kindC.brave D.busy答案:D解析:为什么要节约时间?是因为人们比较忙。busy“忙碌的”,符合语境。
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9.A.ways B.placesC.jobs D.friends答案:A解析:忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法,故选ways。10.A.donate B.receiveC.produce D.preserve答案:C解析:公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产(produce)一次性产品。donate“捐赠”;receive“接收”;preserve“保护”。
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11.A.adapts B.returnsC.responds D.contributes答案:D解析:由本段内容可知,我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to“适应”;return to“返回”;respond to“对……作出反应”;contribute to“是……的原因之一”。12.A.tired of B.addicted toC.worried about D.ashamed for答案:B解析:根据前句“我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题”,以及后句中的“we will be happier with the latest products”推理可知此处应选B项,be addicted to“对……上瘾”。
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13.A.newer B.strongerC.higher D.larger答案:A解析:根据空后的“we will be happier with the latest products”可知此处表示“越新越好”。14.A.pick up B.pay forC.hold onto D.throw away答案:D解析:make room for new ones意为“为新东西腾出空间”,那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢?当然是throw away“扔掉”一些东西。
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15.A.advantages B.purposesC.functions D.consequences答案:D解析:根据后句“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger”可知此处指的是“这种抛弃型的生活方式造成的后果”。advantage“优点”;purpose“目的”;function“功能”;consequence“结果,后果”。16.A.show B.recordC.decrease D.measure答案:C解析:根据后文中的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”和文章最后一句中的“to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment”可知,人们回收资源的目的是减少垃圾的数量和保护环境。decrease“减少”,符合语境。
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17.A.technology B.environmentC.consumers D.brands答案:B解析:参见上题解析。18.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Meanwhile答案:A解析:根据下一段内容以及空格后的“this is not enough to solve our problem”可推知空格前后应为转折关系,故选择However。
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19.A.by B.in favour ofC.after D.instead of答案:D解析:维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念,因此选择instead of“而不是”。in favour of“支持”。20.A.spending B.collectingC.repairing D.advertising答案:A解析:根据前句中的“to repair our possessions 　19　 throwing them away”以及后句中的“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits...” 可知选A项。 
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C组　真题语篇通高考主题语境:人与自然——自然环境　建议用时:18’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/20 (2019全国Ⅰ)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 　1　 with them lots of waste.The 　2　 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　3　 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories,I’m 　4　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. 
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However,I soon 　5　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　6　 among tons of rubbish.I find a 　7　 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 　8　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　9　. 
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The best of a Kilimanjaro 　10　,in my opinion,isn’t reaching the top.Mountains are 　11　 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 　12　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 　13　 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,　14　 lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 　15　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 　16　 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 　17　:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.　18　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 　19　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 
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Does Kilimanjaro 　20　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了由于人满为患、乱扔垃圾,作者担心乞力马扎罗山的美名不副实。可喜的是,当地政府的努力有了回报,山脉生态在慢慢恢复之中。
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1.A.keep B.mixC.connect D.bring答案:D解析:由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with“带来”。故选D项。2.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案:C解析:由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。
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3.A.position B.ageC.face D.name答案:C解析:由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。4.A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazy答案:B解析:根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。
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5.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate答案:A解析:根据句首However表示转折可知,与前面的描述不同,作者不久发现了乞力马扎罗山的美,故选A项。discover“发现”;argue“争论”; decide“决定”;advocate“拥护”。6.A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stones答案:C解析:此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。
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7.A.remote B.quietC.tall D.clean答案:D解析:本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。8.A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessary答案:C解析:前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选C项。
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9.A.paying off B.spreading outC.blowing up D.fading away答案:A解析:本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。pay off“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spread out“展开;铺开”;blow up“爆炸”;fade away“逐渐消失”。故选A项。10.A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight答案:B解析:由上文第二段中的“...other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。
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11.A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regarded答案:D解析:由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as...“被视为……”。故选D项。12.A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案:A解析:本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。
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13.A.scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials答案:B解析:此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。故选B项。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科学家”;local“当地人,本地人”;official“官员”。14.A.holding on to B.going back toC.living up to D.giving way to答案:D解析:上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3 000米的地方突然结束。“让位”给矮生植物。故选D项。give way to“给……让位”;hold on to“坚持”;go back to“返回”;live up to“达到”。
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15.A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits答案:A解析:由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。故选A项。16.A.match B.imagineC.count D.add答案:C解析:由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。
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17.A.village B.desertC.road D.lake答案:B解析:此处指的是4 000米以上为高原沙漠环境。根据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知为类沙漠环境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村庄”;road“道路”; lake“湖泊”。故选B项。18.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally答案:D解析:由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,low growing plants,thick grass,highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(类北极地带),故选D项。
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19.A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificial答案:A解析:本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川,但它们可能不久后会融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鲜的”;artificial“人造的”。故选A项。20.A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquire答案:B解析:文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗?“我”发现恰恰相反。故选B项。