外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习15 ：必修3 Unit 3　The world of science(含解析)

这是一份外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习15 ：必修3 Unit 3　The world of science(含解析)，共11页。试卷主要包含了 ________ ， ________ t it， using　考查非谓语动词， it　考查代词， as　考查介词， wh　考查定语从句， riginal　考查形容词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

必修第三册 Unit 3 The wrld f science
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
Yu may nt knw the name Jhn Smith Pembertn, but yu must knw the name f his 1. ________ (invent): Cca­Cla.
Pembertn was a US chemist. When he was wunded in the Civil War, he used medicine t ease the pain and gradually gt 2. ________ (addict) t it. T light the addictin, he created his wn drink by 3. ________ (use) leaves f cca and nuts f kla. He named 4. ________， “Pembertn's French Wine Cca”. In the same year, the lcal gvernment passed a ban n alchl. Pembertn had t change the recipe t remve the alchl.
In 1886, Pembertn invited Willis Venable t help him perfect his new recipe. They used carbnated water and finally invented a new drink. It had n alchl 5. ________ culd still ease pain and clear the mind. Pembertn decided t sell it 6. ________ a drink rather than a medicine. In 1887, Pembertn sld part f the stck f his cmpany t Asa Candler, 7. ________ later created the Cca­Cla Cmpany.
Nwadays, Cca­Cla has becme ne f the mst ppular 8. ________ (drink) in the wrld. The cmpany nly ffers semi­finished prducts t partners and wn't sell the 9. ________ (rigin) ingredients (成分). Its secret recipe was kept in the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta fr 86 years until the end f 2011. Since then, it 10. ________ (keep) in the Wrld f Cca­Cla centre in Atlanta.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明过程。
1. inventin 考查名词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词，故填名词inventin。
2. addicted 考查固定搭配。短语get addicted t意为“上瘾；沉迷于”。故填addicted。
3. using 考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动词时要用动名词作宾语，故填using。
4. it 考查代词。此处指代上文drink，故填代词it。
5. but 考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，故填but。
6. as 考查介词。根据语境可知表示“作为；当作”，故填介词as。
7. wh 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为Asa Candler，且从句中缺少主语，指人，用wh引导。故填wh。
8. drinks 考查名词的单复数。短语ne f后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故填drinks。
9. riginal 考查形容词。修饰名词ingredients应用形容词，故填riginal。
10. has been kept 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文“Since then”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系应用被动语态，主语为it，用has been dne。故填has been kept。
B
Situated in Beijing's Shichahai scenic area, CAVE lks n different frm any 1. ________ café in the city n the utside, 2. ________ peple stepping in fr a cup f cffee will find it interesting inside. Sme custmers are hlding and tuching hedgehgs (刺猬) 3. ________ (gentle) in their palms.
In recent years, an increasing number f animal themed cafés 4. ________ (gain) huge ppularity amng China's city dwellers. With this 5. ________ (rise) trend, a bunch f eateries making mney ut f husing unique animals such as hedgehgs has sprung up.
In Beijing alne, there are several cafés r restaurants like CAVE. There is a Japanese pub, 6. ________ has three raccns (浣熊) and a café where custmers can take 7. ________ (pht) with abut 30 huskies (哈士奇)．
CAVE, which is als the city's first hedgehg themed café， nw has seven hedgehgs kept in cages in a rm 8. ________ (separate) frm the dining area. If custmers want t play with the hedgehgs, they need t put 9. ________ thick glves and the waiters will bring them ut and put them nt the custmers' hands.
“I think hedgehgs are a very gd idea. It's riginal and interesting，” said Serhii Melnyk, a turist frm Pland wh 10. ________ (stp) by the café t grab an American and was attracted t the animal.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着动物主题咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。
1. ther 考查代词。此处考查固定表达any ther＋名词单数“其他任何……”，故填ther。
2. but 考查连词。根据句意“CAVE和城市里其他任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去喝咖啡的人会发现它里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。
3. gently 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填gently。
4. have gained 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知此处是谓语动词，根据“In recent years”判断为现在完成时，主语cafés是复数，故填have gained。
5. rising 考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词，rising trend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。
6. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是pub，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该用关系代词which，故填which。
7. phts 考查名词的单复数。此处考查短语take phts“拍照”，故填phts。
8. separate/separated 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语rm(房间)和separate(隔离)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；或因为separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separate/separated。
9. n 考查介词。此处考查短语put n“穿上”，故填n。
10. stpped 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stp by“顺便看望，顺便拜访”，故填stpped。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。(强调句型)
It was last night that Jhn wre his best suit t the dance.
2. 如果他们那时没有帮助我们，我们现在仍然处于困境中。(虚拟语气)
If they hadn't helped us then, we wuld still be in truble nw.
3. 我和汤姆都是来自北京的学生。(as well as)
I, as well as Tm, am a student wh cmes frm Beijing.
4. 他脸上的表情表明他很生气。(suggest that...)
The expressin n his face suggested that he was very angry．
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
If yu believe that scientists and artists are mst creative when they're yung, yu are missing an imprtant part f the stry. A new study published in De Ecnmist lked at Nbel Prize winners in the field f ecnmics. It fund there are tw different peaks f creativity. One cmes early in a persn's career, while anther cmes later.
The research supprts previus wrk by the authrs that fund similar patterns in the arts and ther sciences.
“We believe what we fund in this study isn't limited t ecnmics, but culd apply t creativity mre generally，” said Bruce Weinberg, lead authr f the study and prfessr f ecnmics at The Ohi State University.
“Many peple believe that creativity is exclusively assciated with yuth, but it really depends n what kind f creativity yu're talking abut.”
In the study, thse wh did their mst grundbreaking wrk early in their careers tended t be “cnceptual” innvatrs (创新者)．
These type f innvatrs “think utside the bx”， challenging cnventinal wisdm and suddenly cming up with new ideas. Cnceptual innvatrs are nt yet immersed(沉浸于)in the accepted theries f their field, Weinberg said.
But there is anther kind f creativity, he said, which is fund amng “experimental” innvatrs. These innvatrs accumulate knwledge thrugh their careers and find new ways t understand it.
The lng perids f trial and errr fr imprtant experimental innvatins cme later in a Nbel laureate's (荣誉获得者的) career.
“Whether yu hit yur creative peak early r late in yur career depends n whether yu have a cnceptual r experimental apprach，” Weinberg said.
The researchers tk a nvel, empirical (经验主义的) apprach t the study, which invlved 31 laureates. They arranged the laureates n a list frm the mst experimental t mst cnceptual.
This ranking was based n the laureates' mst imprtant wrk, classifying them int “cnceptual” r “experimental”．
After classifying the laureates, the researchers determined the age at which each laureate made his mst imprtant cntributin t ecnmics and culd be cnsidered at his creative peak.
They fund that cnceptual laureates peaked between ages 25 and 29. Experimental laureates peaked when they were rughly twice as ld, in their mid­50s.
“Our research suggests that when yu're mst creative is mre abut hw yu apprach yur wrk，” Weinberg said.
1. What des the underlined phrase “think utside the bx” mean?
A. Fllw rules strictly.
B. Experiment n bxes.
C. Break ld thught patterns.
D. Figure ut hw t escape frm a bx.
2. What d we knw abut “experimental” innvatrs?
A. They usually cme up with new ideas all f a sudden.
B. They make discveries thrugh cnstant trial and errr.
C. The majrity f them reach their creative peak in their twenties.
D. They make mre cntributins than “cnceptual” innvatrs.
3. What d the researchers believe determines smene's creative peak?
A. One's persnality type.
B. What kind f jb ne takes.
C. Hw ne handles their wrk.
D. One's attitude twards their wrk.
4. What's the main idea f this passage?
A. Creativity cmes at any age, yung r ld.
B. Creativity tends t decrease as peple get lder.
C. Ecnmists, artists and ther scientists have much in cmmn.
D. Ecnmists are mre creative than artists and ther scientists.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过对一些诺贝尔奖获得者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者，是“概念性的”的创新者还是“实验性的”创新者。
1. C 词义猜测题。在画线短语所在的句子中，后面的非谓语动词部分“challenging cnventinal wisdm and suddenly cming up with new ideas”是对画线短语的补充解释，意思为“挑战传统智慧，突然想出新点子”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的思维模式。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，“实验性”的创新者是从不断的反复实验中获得发现。故选B。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为，决定你什么时候达到创造力巅峰的是你如何处理你的工作。此题是语义转换，“hw yu apprach yur wrk”和选项C中的“Hw ne handles their wrk”是语义转换。故选C。
4. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“It fund there are tw different peaks f creativity. One cmes early in a persn's career, while anther cmes later.”及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要是说明创造力巅峰可以出现在任何年龄，可能在年轻的时候，也可能是年老的时候。什么时候出现创造力巅峰与你如何处理你的工作有关。故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
The lins and lepards (豹) f a natinal park in India nrmally d nt get alng. They 1 each ther fr space and fd. But abut a year ag, a yung liness in the park 2 a baby lepard.
The 2­mnth­ld baby with brwn ears and blue eyes was 3 ， and the liness spent weeks nursing, 4 and caring fr him until he died. She treated him as if he were ne f her wn tw sns, wh were abut the same age. This was a 5 case f crss­species adptin in the wild, and the nly dcumented example invlving animals that are nrmally 6 ．
7 ， the park wrkers thught the assciatin wuld be brief, but this went n. The family were 8 t tur the park. The liness tk care f the baby, and 9 meat that she hunted. The new brthers played with him and ccasinally fllwed him up trees. This unlikely 10 was surely amazing.
Althugh this adptin was puzzling, it highlights the 11 between the tw species. Until they reach yung adulthd, when scial differences 12 ， lins and lepards play and beg fr milk in similar ways. Fr this mther liness, she may have 13 the baby's mre lepard­like features — his smell, size and sptted appearance. He just jumped in.
The 14 f the inter species adptin in the wild wuld be sweet enugh fr a children's bk, yet 15 enugh t attract scientists.
1. A. put up withB. take advantage f
C. depend nD. fight with
2. A. scaredB. adptedC. spttedD. attacked
3. A. lazyB. braveC. weakD. dangerus
4. A. feedingB. checkingC. fllwingD. dressing
5. A. simpleB. typicalC. famusD. rare
6. A. friendsB. cmpetitrsC. partnersD. neighburs
7. A. InitiallyB. LuckilyC. CertainlyD. Unexpectedly
8. A. expectedB. bservedC. persuadedD. pushed
9. A. ckedB. packedC. sharedD. burned
10. A. experienceB. affairC. agreementD. cnnectin
11. A. cmmunicatinB. similarities
C. behaviurD. differences
12. A. emergeB. remainC. recverD. survive
13. A. cmparedB. dislikedC. ignredD. prtected
14. A. incidentB. experienceC. reprtD. tale
15. A. strangeB. caringC. reliableD. mving
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹子，母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。她对待他就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。
1. D 根据上文“The lins and lepards (豹) f a natinal park in India nrmally d nt get alng.”可知，狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处，它们会为空间和食物相互争斗。故选D。
2. B 根据第二段中的“She treated him as if he were ne f her wn tw sns, wh were abut the same age.”可知，母狮子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。
3. C 根据上文“The 2­mnth­ld baby”可知，小豹子才两个月大，很虚弱。故选C。
4. A 根据下文“and caring fr him”可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。
5. D 根据下文“case f crss­species adptin in the wild”可知，野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。
6. B 根据第一段中的“The lins and lepards (豹) f a natinal park in India nrmally d nt get alng.”可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手，故选B。
7. A 根据下文“the park wrkers thught the assciatin wuld be brief, but this went n”可知，起初公园工作人员认为这种联系会很短暂，但事情继续下去了。故选A。
8. B 根据下文“t tur the park”可知，母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里游览。故选B。
9. C 根据上文“The liness tk care f the baby”可知，母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选C。
10. D 本来是竞争对手的两个物种，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成了一个家庭，这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。
11. B 根据下文“lins and lepards play and beg fr milk in similar ways”可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。故选B。
12. A 根据上文“Until they reach yung adulthd, when scial differences”可知，直到狮子和豹子进入成年期，它们的社会差异才会显现出来。故选A。
13. C 根据下文“the baby's mre lepard­like features — his smell, size and sptted appearance”可知，母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。
14. D 根据下文“fr a children's bk”可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。
15. A 第二段中的“case f crss­species adptin in the wild”提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例，所以对于科学家来说，野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故选A。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
(2020·浙江杭州地区重点中学期中考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
US psychtherapist (精神治疗师) Virginia Satir (1916－1988) nce said, “We need 4 hugs a day fr survival. We need 8 hugs a day fr maintenance. We need 12 hugs a day fr grwth.” She believed that hugging was necessary and imprtant. Researchers have fund scientific evidence that backs up her beliefs. Accrding t a recent study published in the jurnal Psychlgical Science, receiving a hug can reduce stress and help prtect us frm illness.
In the study, researchers frm Carnegie Melln University (CMU) in the US invited 404 healthy adults t participate in interviews abut hw ften they experienced cnflicts in their daily lives, as well as hw many hugs they received within a perid f tw weeks. These participants were intentinally expsed t cld viruses during the interview.
Accrding t the research, peple wh received hugs n the same days when they experienced cnflicts tended t reprt fewer negative feelings during the fllwing days. They have als fund that peple wh received hugs were less stressed ut. The physical cntact that we get thrugh hugging especially frm lved nes is a marker f intimacy (亲密) and helps generate the feeling that thers are there t help in the face f adversity (困境), accrding t Scientific American. Peple feel mre cmfrtable and relaxed after hugging.
The researchers have als fund that the mre hugs peple get, the less likely they are t catch clds, Science Daily nted. When peple receive hugs, they release mre xytcin (催产素), which is als knwn as the “lve hrmne”. Accrding t the researchers, this hrmne can decrease ne's heart rate and lwer bld pressure. This can put peple int a state f emtinal well­being. When peple are in this state, their immune systems becme strnger.
Of curse, hugging is nt the nly way t cmfrt thers. “But physical cntact like hugging can cmfrt peple withut making any judgments (abut right r wrng)，” Michael Murphy frm CMU tld Time.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The necessity and significance f hugging are cnfirmed by a recent study. In the study, participants were asked abut their cnflict experiences and the hugs they received during tw weeks with expsure t cld viruses at the same time. As the study suggests, hugs, which are f great benefit fr us, can help us get away frm negative feelings and release stress. The study als finds hugging can strengthen peple's immune systems, reducing the pssibility f develping illnesses. It is surely an ideal way t give us cmfrt by hugging.