高中英语高考2022届外研版（2019）高中英语一轮复习课堂练习15 ：必修3 Unit 3　The world of science Word版含解析

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必修第三册　Unit 3　The world of science

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

You may not know the name John Smith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his 1. ________ (invent): Coca­Cola.

Pemberton was a US chemist. When he was wounded in the Civil War, he used medicine to ease the pain and gradually got 2. ________ (addict) to it. To light the addiction, he created his own drink by 3. ________ (use) leaves of coca and nuts of kola. He named 4. ________， “Pemberton's French Wine Coca”. In the same year, the local government passed a ban on alcohol. Pemberton had to change the recipe to remove the alcohol.

In 1886, Pemberton invited Willis Venable to help him perfect his new recipe. They used carbonated water and finally invented a new drink. It had no alcohol 5. ________ could still ease pain and clear the mind. Pemberton decided to sell it 6. ________ a drink rather than a medicine. In 1887, Pemberton sold part of the stock of his company to Asa Candler, 7. ________ later created the Coca­Cola Company.

Nowadays, Coca­Cola has become one of the most popular 8. ________ (drink) in the world. The company only offers semi­finished products to partners and won't sell the 9. ________ (origin) ingredients (成分). Its secret recipe was kept in the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta for 86 years until the end of 2011. Since then, it 10. ________ (keep) in the World of Coca­Cola centre in Atlanta.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明过程。

1. invention　考查名词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词，故填名词invention。

2. addicted　考查固定搭配。短语get addicted to意为“上瘾；沉迷于”。故填addicted。

3. using　考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动词时要用动名词作宾语，故填using。

4. it　考查代词。此处指代上文drink，故填代词it。

5. but　考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，故填but。

6. as　考查介词。根据语境可知表示“作为；当作”，故填介词as。

7. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为Asa Candler，且从句中缺少主语，指人，用who引导。故填who。

8. drinks　考查名词的单复数。短语one of后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故填drinks。

9. original　考查形容词。修饰名词ingredients应用形容词，故填original。

10. has been kept　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文“Since then”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系应用被动语态，主语为it，用has been done。故填has been kept。

B

Situated in Beijing's Shichahai scenic area, CAVE looks no different from any 1. ________ café in the city on the outside, 2. ________ people stepping in for a cup of coffee will find it interesting inside. Some customers are holding and touching hedgehogs (刺猬) 3. ________ (gentle) in their palms.

In recent years, an increasing number of animal themed cafés 4. ________ (gain) huge popularity among China's city dwellers. With this 5. ________ (rise) trend, a bunch of eateries making money out of housing unique animals such as hedgehogs has sprung up.

In Beijing alone, there are several cafés or restaurants like CAVE. There is a Japanese pub, 6. ________ has three raccoons (浣熊) and a café where customers can take 7. ________ (photo) with about 30 huskies (哈士奇)．

CAVE, which is also the city's first hedgehog themed café， now has seven hedgehogs kept in cages in a room 8. ________ (separate) from the dining area. If customers want to play with the hedgehogs, they need to put 9. ________ thick gloves and the waiters will bring them out and put them onto the customers' hands.

“I think hedgehogs are a very good idea. It's original and interesting，” said Serhii Melnyk, a tourist from Poland who 10. ________ (stop) by the café to grab an Americano and was attracted to the animal.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着动物主题咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。

1. other　考查代词。此处考查固定表达any other＋名词单数“其他任何……”，故填other。

2. but　考查连词。根据句意“CAVE和城市里其他任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去喝咖啡的人会发现它里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。

3. gently　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填gently。

4. have gained　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知此处是谓语动词，根据“In recent years”判断为现在完成时，主语cafés是复数，故填have gained。

5. rising　考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词，rising trend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。

6. which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是pub，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该用关系代词which，故填which。

7. photos　考查名词的单复数。此处考查短语take photos“拍照”，故填photos。

8. separate/separated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语room(房间)和separate(隔离)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；或因为separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separate/separated。

9. on　考查介词。此处考查短语put on“穿上”，故填on。

10. stopped　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stop by“顺便看望，顺便拜访”，故填stopped。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。(强调句型)

It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance.

2. 如果他们那时没有帮助我们，我们现在仍然处于困境中。(虚拟语气)

If they hadn't helped us then, we would still be in trouble now.

3. 我和汤姆都是来自北京的学生。(as well as)

I, as well as Tom, am a student who comes from Beijing.

4. 他脸上的表情表明他很生气。(suggest that...)

The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry．

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

If you believe that scientists and artists are most creative when they're young, you are missing an important part of the story. A new study published in De Economist looked at Nobel Prize winners in the field of economics. It found there are two different peaks of creativity. One comes early in a person's career, while another comes later.

The research supports previous work by the authors that found similar patterns in the arts and other sciences.

“We believe what we found in this study isn't limited to economics, but could apply to creativity more generally，” said Bruce Weinberg, lead author of the study and professor of economics at The Ohio State University.

“Many people believe that creativity is exclusively associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you're talking about.”

In the study, those who did their most groundbreaking work early in their careers tended to be “conceptual” innovators (创新者)．

These type of innovators “think outside the box”， challenging conventional wisdom and suddenly coming up with new ideas. Conceptual innovators are not yet immersed(沉浸于)in the accepted theories of their field, Weinberg said.

But there is another kind of creativity, he said, which is found among “experimental” innovators. These innovators accumulate knowledge through their careers and find new ways to understand it.

The long periods of trial and error for important experimental innovations come later in a Nobel laureate's (荣誉获得者的) career.

“Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you have a conceptual or experimental approach，” Weinberg said.

The researchers took a novel, empirical (经验主义的) approach to the study, which involved 31 laureates. They arranged the laureates on a list from the most experimental to most conceptual.

This ranking was based on the laureates' most important work, classifying them into “conceptual” or “experimental”．

After classifying the laureates, the researchers determined the age at which each laureate made his most important contribution to economics and could be considered at his creative peak.

They found that conceptual laureates peaked between ages 25 and 29. Experimental laureates peaked when they were roughly twice as old, in their mid­50s.

“Our research suggests that when you're most creative is more about how you approach your work，” Weinberg said.

1. What does the underlined phrase “think outside the box” mean?

A. Follow rules strictly.

B. Experiment on boxes.

C. Break old thought patterns.

D. Figure out how to escape from a box.

2. What do we know about “experimental” innovators?

A. They usually come up with new ideas all of a sudden.

B. They make discoveries through constant trial and error.

C. The majority of them reach their creative peak in their twenties.

D. They make more contributions than “conceptual” innovators.

3. What do the researchers believe determines someone's creative peak?

A. One's personality type.

B. What kind of job one takes.

C. How one handles their work.

D. One's attitude towards their work.

4. What's the main idea of this passage?

A. Creativity comes at any age, young or old.

B. Creativity tends to decrease as people get older.

C. Economists, artists and other scientists have much in common.

D. Economists are more creative than artists and other scientists.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过对一些诺贝尔奖获得者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者，是“概念性的”的创新者还是“实验性的”创新者。

1. C　词义猜测题。在画线短语所在的句子中，后面的非谓语动词部分“challenging conventional wisdom and suddenly coming up with new ideas”是对画线短语的补充解释，意思为“挑战传统智慧，突然想出新点子”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的思维模式。故选C。

2. B　细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，“实验性”的创新者是从不断的反复实验中获得发现。故选B。

3. C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为，决定你什么时候达到创造力巅峰的是你如何处理你的工作。此题是语义转换，“how you approach your work”和选项C中的“How one handles their work”是语义转换。故选C。

4. A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“It found there are two different peaks of creativity. One comes early in a person's career, while another comes later.”及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要是说明创造力巅峰可以出现在任何年龄，可能在年轻的时候，也可能是年老的时候。什么时候出现创造力巅峰与你如何处理你的工作有关。故选A。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

The lions and leopards (豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along. They   1   each other for space and food. But about a year ago, a young lioness in the park   2   a baby leopard.

The 2­month­old baby with brown ears and blue eyes was   3  ， and the lioness spent weeks nursing,   4   and caring for him until he died. She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons, who were about the same age. This was a   5   case of cross­species adoption in the wild, and the only documented example involving animals that are normally   6  ．

  7  ， the park workers thought the association would be brief, but this went on. The family were   8   to tour the park. The lioness took care of the baby, and   9   meat that she hunted. The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees. This unlikely   10   was surely amazing.

Although this adoption was puzzling, it highlights the   11   between the two species. Until they reach young adulthood, when social differences   12  ， lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways. For this mother lioness, she may have   13   the baby's more leopard­like features — his smell, size and spotted appearance. He just jumped in.

The   14   of the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a children's book, yet   15   enough to attract scientists.

1. A. put up with B. take advantage of 

C. depend on D. fight with

2. A. scared B. adopted C. spotted D. attacked

3. A. lazy B. brave C. weak D. dangerous

4. A. feeding B. checking C. following D. dressing

5. A. simple B. typical C. famous D. rare

6. A. friends B. competitors C. partners D. neighbours

7. A. Initially B. Luckily C. Certainly D. Unexpectedly

8. A. expected B. observed C. persuaded D. pushed

9. A. cooked B. packed C. shared D. burned

10. A. experience B. affair C. agreement D. connection

11. A. communication B. similarities 

C. behaviour D. differences

12. A. emerge B. remain C. recover D. survive

13. A. compared B. disliked C. ignored D. protected

14. A. incident B. experience C. report D. tale

15. A. strange B. caring C. reliable D. moving

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹子，母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。她对待他就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。

1. D　根据上文“The lions and leopards (豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along.”可知，狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处，它们会为空间和食物相互争斗。故选D。

2. B　根据第二段中的“She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons, who were about the same age.”可知，母狮子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。

3. C　根据上文“The 2­month­old baby”可知，小豹子才两个月大，很虚弱。故选C。

4. A　根据下文“and caring for him”可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。

5. D　根据下文“case of cross­species adoption in the wild”可知，野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。

6. B　根据第一段中的“The lions and leopards (豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along.”可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手，故选B。

7. A　根据下文“the park workers thought the association would be brief, but this went on”可知，起初公园工作人员认为这种联系会很短暂，但事情继续下去了。故选A。

8. B　根据下文“to tour the park”可知，母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里游览。故选B。

9. C　根据上文“The lioness took care of the baby”可知，母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选C。

10. D　本来是竞争对手的两个物种，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成了一个家庭，这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。

11. B　根据下文“lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways”可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。故选B。

12. A　根据上文“Until they reach young adulthood, when social differences”可知，直到狮子和豹子进入成年期，它们的社会差异才会显现出来。故选A。

13. C　根据下文“the baby's more leopard­like features — his smell, size and spotted appearance”可知，母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。

14. D　根据下文“for a children's book”可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。

15. A　第二段中的“case of cross­species adoption in the wild”提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例，所以对于科学家来说，野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故选A。

Ⅲ. 概要写作

(2020·浙江杭州地区重点中学期中考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

US psychotherapist (精神治疗师) Virginia Satir (1916－1988) once said, “We need 4 hugs a day for survival. We need 8 hugs a day for maintenance. We need 12 hugs a day for growth.” She believed that hugging was necessary and important. Researchers have found scientific evidence that backs up her beliefs. According to a recent study published in the journal Psychological Science, receiving a hug can reduce stress and help protect us from illness.

In the study, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in the US invited 404 healthy adults to participate in interviews about how often they experienced conflicts in their daily lives, as well as how many hugs they received within a period of two weeks. These participants were intentionally exposed to cold viruses during the interview.

According to the research, people who received hugs on the same days when they experienced conflicts tended to report fewer negative feelings during the following days. They have also found that people who received hugs were less stressed out. The physical contact that we get through hugging especially from loved ones is a marker of intimacy (亲密) and helps generate the feeling that others are there to help in the face of adversity (困境), according to Scientific American. People feel more comfortable and relaxed after hugging.

The researchers have also found that the more hugs people get, the less likely they are to catch colds, Science Daily noted. When people receive hugs, they release more oxytocin (催产素), which is also known as the “love hormone”. According to the researchers, this hormone can decrease one's heart rate and lower blood pressure. This can put people into a state of emotional well­being. When people are in this state, their immune systems become stronger.

Of course, hugging is not the only way to comfort others. “But physical contact like hugging can comfort people without making any judgments (about right or wrong)，” Michael Murphy from CMU told Time.

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【参考范文】

The necessity and significance of hugging are confirmed by a recent study. In the study, participants were asked about their conflict experiences and the hugs they received during two weeks with exposure to cold viruses at the same time. As the study suggests, hugs, which are of great benefit for us, can help us get away from negative feelings and release stress. The study also finds hugging can strengthen people's immune systems, reducing the possibility of developing illnesses. It is surely an ideal way to give us comfort by hugging.