(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向57 巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向57 巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向57巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向57巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。

考向57 完形填空
巧解说明与议论类完形填空5策略
【考情分析】
新高考考情
新高考新考法
学霸好声音
①说明文开篇点题，目标明确，用词简练，条理清晰，但长句较多，结构较复杂
②议论文一般先就某事提出见解展开论述或直接提出论点展开论述
说明文和议论文高考考查频率不高，但 2019年全国卷Ⅲ考查了说明文，点明人与自然和谐相处的内涵
①做说明文类完形填空时，应先明确说明的对象
②做议论文类完形填空时， 要善于理清论点、论据和结论，理顺文章，依据各部分关系选出正确答案

【策略分析】
策略1　熟词生义　巧推断
解题依据　一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” __①__ by the Italian police where things (found) on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look __②__ above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder __③__ until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
①A. attended B. reserved
C. cancelled D. run
②A. nice B. familiar
C. useful D. real
③A. battled B. debated
C. discussed D. bargained
答案与解析　①D　熟词生义解题。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，由此可知，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方主办的。故选D项。run在本句中是生义，意为“举办；管理”，其熟义为“跑；赛跑”；attend “参加”；reserve “保护”；cancel “取消”。
②A　熟词生义解题。Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很合适，很好看，所以才会出价竞拍，故选A项。nice在此处是生义，意为“好看的；令人愉快的”， 其熟义为“友好的；可爱的”；familiar “熟悉的”；useful “有用的”；real “真的”。
③A　熟词生义解题。Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞拍，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。故选A项。battle在本句中是生义，意为“竞拍”，其熟义为“战役；斗争；与……作斗争”。 debate “辩论”；discuss “讨论”；bargain “讨价还价”。
策略2　语法知识　助解题
解题依据　完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代词，偶有涉及情态动词、虚拟语气(一般不直接设题，但会夹杂在文章中，考查对语境的理解)。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as __①__ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be __②__ to go that extra mile.”
①A. equal B. allergic
C. grateful D. close
②A. suitable B. proud
C. wise D. willing
答案与解析　①D　根据设空后的“as I am to my dogs”并结合选项可知，此处应表示埃勒斯认为狗的主人与他们的狗之间应该是像埃勒斯与自己的狗一样关系非常亲密，故选D项。close “亲密的；密切的”；equal “相等的；平等的”；allergic “过敏的；对……反感的”； grateful “感谢的”。
微记　该句为as ... as ... 句型，表示“与……一样……”。综观四个选项并结合常识即可快速判断出，狗狗与主人的关系应是亲密的，故选D项。这句话的完整表达应为“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to the dog as I am close to my dogs”。
②D　根据设空前的“If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be ...”并结合常识可知，此处应指埃勒斯表示如果自己的狗丢了，他会希望有人愿意帮忙将狗送还，故选D。willing “乐意的；愿意的”；suitable “合适的”；proud “自豪的”；wise “明智的；有智慧的”。
　策略3　设身处地　揣情绪
解题依据　完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人或作者所见所闻的某一件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考虑并体会文意。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
The best of a Kilimanjaro __①__，in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are (regarded) as spiritual places by many cultures. This __②__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as (climbers) go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.
①A. atmosphere B. experience
C. experiment D. sight
②A. view B. quality
C. reason D. purpose
答案与解析　①B　在作者看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。 experience “经历”；atmosphere “氛围”；experiment “实验”；sight “视力；视野；景色”。
②A　登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，所看到的应该是景色差异尤为明显。故A选项切题。view “景色”；quality “质量”；reason “原因”；purpose “目的”。
策略4　生活常识　巧利用
解题依据　生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识的题。要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one (advertised) as lost in the local paper. The ad had a __①__ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __②__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had (found) their dog.
①A. house B. phone
C. street D. car
②A. called B. copied
C. counted D. remembered
答案与解析　①B　根据设空处后一句中的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”及生活常识可知，此处应表示，广告中有狗的主人的电话号码，故选B项。phone “电话”；house “房子”；street “街道”；car “汽车”。
②A　根据设空后的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”结合生活常识可知，此处指埃勒斯拨打了这个电话，故选A项。call “()打电话”；copy “复制”；count “数数”；remember “记起；想起”。
　策略5　排除大法　勿忘记
解题依据　在做完形填空题时，用尽所有办法都不能推断出答案时，还有一个办法，就是排除法。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
They (eventually) learned that the painting they (owned) was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They (studied) the other painting and learned that it was __①__ Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The (family) called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were __②__ and worth as much as $50 million.
①A. suitably B. actually
C. rightly D．specifically
②A. copies B. originals
C. models D. presents
答案与解析　①B　他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。 故选B项。actually “事实上”；suitably “适合地”；rightly “正确地”；specifically “具体地”。
②B　根据下文的“worth as much as $50 million”可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原画，故选B项。original “原画；原作”。 copy “复制品”；model “模型”；present “礼物”。
【检测训练】
1
In American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again before you put them forward. They are as follows:
Age. It is a very sensitive 1 to many Americans. In this culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of us, if 2 , would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americans work hard to 3 a youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable, “How old are you exactly?”
This question may result in a(an) 4 like: “How old do you think I am?” Anyhow, if you are 5 to know someone’s age, first you estimate（估计）their age by their 6 . Then you take ten years away from that estimation. With a big 7 , that person will probably say, “Thanks, but I am a few years older than that.”
Weight. This is one of the most sensitive subjects. In America, it is 8 to be thin but it is a huge 9 to be overweight. In any American fashion magazines, you’ll notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.
Income. You should never ever ask how 10 someone’s 11 is. However, it’s perfectly 12 to ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some idea.
Matters of the Heart. This is a tricky （难处理的） one. Some people cannot wait to 13 their hearts out to you. Then there are those who make sure their 14 business stays behind closed doors. The general 15 is not to get too personal. You don’t want others to think that you are 16 their lives. 17 , try not to ask too many questions until you have a(an) 18 with this person.
Anyhow, it's difficult to always 19 an embarrassing conversation. So, be sensible, 20 your mouth and try not to open a can of worms （虫子）.
1. A. solution B. subject C. access D. approach
2. A. not B. possible C. ever D. necessary
3. A. make B. change C. decorate D. keep
4. A. reply B. consequence C. description D. explanation
5. A. likely B. eager C. afraid D. nervous
6. A. dress B. skin C. appearance D. accent
7. A. smile B. surprise C. prize D. gift
8. A. easy B. terrible C. desirable D. absurd
9. A. accident B. event C. excitement D. embarrassment
10. A. many B. much C. littie D. few
11. A. salary B. height C. weight D. age
12. A. awesome B. suitable C. foolish D. typical
13. A. pour B. cut C. mark D. test
14. A. rich B. foreign C. personal D. public
15. A. aspect B. rule C. idea D. concept
16. A. referring to B. contributing to C. looking into D. changing into
17. A. Somehow B. Besides C. Indeed D. However
18. A. appointment B. quarrel C. discussion D. friendship
19. A. avoid B. begin C. produce D. stop
20. A. ignore B. take C. watch D. notice
2
I always considered myself a good friend and I'm always there when my friends need me. I truly believed I was a(n) 21 friend -- until the pandemic(流行病) hit and I 22 I hadn't been doing enough.
I basically put my 23 in a couple of different buckets（桶): those I talk to daily or almost daily, those who are local and 24 frequently, those I catch up with(叙旧, 朋友小聚) from time to time, and those who I know are still my close friends 25 we barely(几乎不) talk.
For years this has been my 26 , and for years it's 27 for all of us, I assumed. The 28 of the friends in the last category(类别), whom I don't 29 to often, is that I've known all of them for many years and I know we don't need to talk all the time to stay 30 . But the thing I just realized is that there's truly no 31 for us to not speak more often.
As soon as we started going into lockdown over COVID-19, one of my friends in this category texted me and suggested we WeChat to 32 . I realized we hadn't spoken in nearly a year! A global health crisis made me realize I should have been keeping in touch with her better.
What really 33 me the most was the realization that I had too many friends who didn't 34 me either during the pandemic. We were so 35 letting days go by without talking that even this unusual event didn't 36 that. And that didn't sit right with me.
I 37 the fact that it took the threat of losing my friends for me to be a better friend. My friends are so 38 to me, and I absolutely know I can carve out more time to be more 39 in their lives. I'm trying really hard to be the friend I always 40 I was, and truly be the friend my best friends should have.
21. A. interesting B. excellent C. different D. special
22. A. guessed B. realized C. remembered D. assumed
23. A. friends B. neighbors C. relatives D. applicants
24. A. travel B. move C. meet D. help
25. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. as if
26. A. approach B. explanation C. opportunity D. expectation
27. A. faded B. classified C. worked D. failed
28. A. kindness B. beauty C. purpose D. influence
29. A. respond B. bother C. listen D. speak
30. A. brilliant B. positive C. close D. innocent
31. A. need B. way C. outcome D. reason
32. A. look ahead B. catch up C. live on D. hold on
33. A. struck B. annoyed C. impressed D. scared
34. A. object B. refuse C. contact D. forgive
35. A. bound to B. afraid of C. sorry for D. used to
36. A. spread B. obtain C. overlook D. change
37. A. forget B. hate C. believe D. remark
38. A. significant B. real C. stable D. passive
39. A. present B. practical C. powerful D. independent
40. A. decided B. pretended C. owed D. thought
3
Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 41 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not 42 to do the work, that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total 43 upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or 44 your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. 45 , since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary 46 of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to 47 up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be 48 only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
However, most of the time we 49 this energy. Even if we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening 50 . Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain 51 results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply 52 to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It was not until toward the end of my doctor career that I had found the knowledge that being truly listened to was frequently therapeutic (有疗效的) . In about a quarter of the patients I saw, 53 improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the 54 of problems had been uncovered or explained. There were several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s 55 that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.
41. A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong
42. A. reluctant B. generous C. willing D. considerate
43. A. dependence B. influence C. decision D. concentration
44. A. setting aside B. getting over C. noting down D. sticking to
45. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. For instance
46. A. abandonment B. acceptance C. forgetfulness D. absorption
47. A. turn B. take C. make D. open
48. A. performed B. accomplished C. accompanied D. experienced
49. A. require B. produce C. lack D. motivate
50. A. hopefully B. selectively C. thoroughly D. objectively
51. A. desired B. unexpected C. require d D. approved
52. A. hesitate B. decide C. refuse D. agree
53. A. imposing B. surprising C. fortunate D. instinct
54. A. roots B. reasons C. varieties D. features
55. A. purpose B. sense C. conclusion D. responsibility
4
This one Antarcticl glacier(冰川) is the size of the UK and is already 56 for five percent of world sea level rise. And the rate the Thwaites Glacier is melting has 57 five times in the last 30 years.
Last year, a team of British and American scientists 58 camp on the glacier. It is one of the most 59 places on Earth. By measuring the gravitational(重力) pull of the seabed under the ice, they discovered a network of deep channels, a 60 step in understanding why the glacier is changing so rapidly.
This is what they 61 is happening. A series of huge channels-some almost a kilometre 62 the ice-allow the warmer, deep ocean water to flow up to the front of the glacier, 63 it increasingly rapidly.
Another team of scientists worked from an icebreaker ship at the front of the glacier. Exceptional sea ice break-up last year, meant they could 64 over 2,000 square kilometres of the sea floor in front of the Thwaites ice shelf.
It's so important to understand what's going on in Antarctica today, 65 these big glaciers like Thwaites, because they are changing really quickly as the climate warms and as they melt, they are 66 more and more water to our global oceans, which is increasing the 67 of sea water.
There is up to three and a half metres of sea level rise locked up in the ice here in West Antarctica. That's enough to 68 the map of the Earth, 69 many of the world's greatest cities.
Understanding why this remote area is changing and how quickly it will do so, is 70 if the world is to prepare for the rising waters to come.
56. A. responsible B. ready C. famous D. suitable
57. A. developed B. stopped C. added D. risen
58. A. set off B. set up C. set out D. set in
59. A. beautiful B. reasonable C. remote D. popular
60. A. plain B. key C. complex D. specific
61. A. think B. hope C. forget D. prefer
62. A. above B. upon C. beyond D. below
63. A. melting B. freezing C. covering D. moving
64. A. protect B. study C. shake D. design
65. A. finally B. surprisingly C. fortunately D. especially
66. A. forbidding B. boiling C. feeding D. applying
67. A. width B. time C. temperature D. level
68. A. reshape B. review C. recover D. repeat
69. A. cleaning B. flooding C. surrounding D. balancing
70. A. difficult B. common C. beneficial D. impossible
5
In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our 71 . We can work harder than anyone else in the office and still not be 72 . We can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us 73 .
The bottom line is that life is not 74 .
That is a bitter 75 to swallow for many of us. As a result, some people 76 after being hit by even one unfair blow from life. But if we let life’s unfairness 77 us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has 78 for us.
My first 79 marriage felt very unfair to me. No matter how hard I had tried to be a good wife, I could not make the relationship 80 . I could have been 81 by that experience. But I believed that I could be 82 married one day 83 I always wanted to experience traditional family life. And then, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man.
What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that 84 a good outcome, but get bad things in return instead.
When we are 85 with life’s seeming unfairness, our 86 needs to jump in. When life doesn’t go 87 plan, we have to let go of the outcome that we have been 88 and keep trying, and doing the right thing. 89 that life is neither fair nor straightforward. And by knowing that if we remain confident, we can drive our unfair experiences away and use them for our 90 .
71. A. reach B. order C. date D. control
72. A. admitted B. paid C. promoted D. proved
73. A. more B. back C. enough D. free
74. A. abundant B. smooth C. fair D. ideal
75. A. feeling B. word C. pill D. fact
76. A. died down B. looked down C. shut down D. settled down
77. A. confuse B. adapt C. betray D. defeat
78. A. in effect B. in return C. in store D. in demand
79. A. arranged B. failed C. elected D. engaged
80. A. start B. work C. end D. worsen
81. A. occupied B. hurt C. discouraged D. shocked
82. A. proudly B. casually C. happily D. shortly
83. A. for that B. in that C. so that D. now that
84. A. bring B. require C. deserve D. serve
85. A. pleased B. faced C. burdened D. filled
86. A. courage B. faith C. judgement D. effort
87. A. ahead of B. according to C. regardless of D. related to
88. A. achieving B. affecting C. expecting D. declining
89. A. Access B. Assume C. Accept D. Analyze
90. A. substitute B. target C. fate D. benefit
6
Nowadays, we find ourselves communicating more through online channels than before. We take advantage of them, like messaging, social media and video calls, often at the 91 of face-to-face dialogue. There are certain situations where online communication is 92 but others where we use it just because we prefer 93 to a real-life conversation, which arouses a discussion: is online communication preferable in today’s world?
Firstly, I’d like to outline the 94 . It opens up the possibility of communicating with people in different places as 95 can take place via video conferencing between Stockholm, San Francisco and Shanghai without taking 96 , exhausting, long-distance business trips. Furthermore, it enables long-distance families and friends to keep in touch on a daily basis. Additionally, written online communication gives us the option of responding either 97 or at a time that suits us and allows us to edit and 98 our message.
On the other hand, there are several significant 99 to over-reliance on online communication. Some experts are 100 that a lack of face-to-face interaction 101 the development of vital social skills such as reacting to real-life situations. Also, the nature of conversation is 102 in the virtual world. If short messages with emotions 103 longer time of direct conversation with emotions expressed on real faces, we are running the risk of 104 the art of real conversation.
To conclude, online communication brings an overall advantage in today's society. However, we shouldn’t 105 the benefit of face to face dialogue.
91. A. beginning B. expense C. request D. risk
92. A. unnecessary B. meaningful C. challenging D. unavoidable
93. A. visual B. visible C. virtual D. vital
94. A. advantages B. barriers C. risks D. possibilities
95. A. payments B. incidents C. meetings D. classes
96. A. time-consuming B. heart-breaking C. user-friendly D. cost-effective
97. A. permanently B. constantly C. frequently D. instantly
98. A. assess B. polish C. process D. shift
99. A. disadvantages B. puzzles C. improvements D. changes
100. A. annoyed B. curious C. confident D. concerned
101. A. crosses out B. slows down C. turns up D. gets over
102. A. important B. practical C. different D. attractive
103. A. replace B. remove C. review D. revise
104. A. denying B. misunderstanding C. losing D. catching
105. A. emphasize B. ignore C. preserve D. destroy