2018-2022年天津中考英语5年真题1年模拟汇编 专题06 短文首字母填空（学生卷+教师卷）

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专题06 短文首字母填空

（2022·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____1____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____2____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____3____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____4____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____5____ way. Their “l____6____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____7____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____8____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____9____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____10_____ of information.
【答案】1．(s)o 2．(w)alk 3．(b)ooks 4．(c)ome 5．(d)ifferent
6．(l)ibraries 7．(f)all 8．(t)ravel 9．(l)ater 10．(w)orld
【解析】
本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
1．句意：汽车和卡车没有用处，所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are not useful...library books arrive on the backs of camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so引导。故填(s)o。
2．句意：两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用，所以他们是步行，walk“步行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
3．句意：在每个村庄，图书管理员都会搭起帐篷，向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shows the...to the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍，表泛指用名词复数books“书”。故填(b)ooks。
4．句意：两周后，骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new books”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来，come back“回来”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ome。
5．句意：泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同，修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
6．句意：他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆，library“图书馆”，根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
7．句意：金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal protects the books from the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨，fall“落下”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
8．句意：大多数人乘船旅行，他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by boat and they also carry their books by boat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行，travel“旅行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
9．句意：成箱的书留在村子里，几周后被换成新书。根据“Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书，later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
10．句意：它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a whole...of information”以及首字母可知是很多信息，a world of“很多”。故填(w)orld。
（2021·天津·中考真题）Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e____11____ compared with other fuels (燃料). W____12____ petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p____13____ because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c____14____ more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e____15____. But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m____16____ of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d____17____.
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j____18____.
Many people are not p____19____ with it. The government and car makers are w_____20_____ together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】11．(e)xpensive
12．(W)hen
13．(p)opular
14．(c)aused
15．(e)ither
16．(m)ethod
17．(d)own
18．(j)ourneys
19．(p)leased
20．(w)orking
【解析】
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
11．句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
12．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
13．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
14．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
15．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
16．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
17．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
18．句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
19．句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
20．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
（2019·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn’t have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i_____21_____. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p____22____with his suggestion and started the project immediately
The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d____23____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_____24_____working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t____25____.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened.     They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the porject s____26____and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the country’s Department of   Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___27___.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r___28___.The kids were very happy but a bit worried—they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they also faced many d___29___.There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school—e____30____in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
【答案】21．idea
22．pleased
23．divided
24．stop
25．themselves
26．spread
27．actions
28．ready
29．difficulties
30．especially
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了生活在非洲的mhangeni的村民。他们面临着一个巨大的挑战，他们没有为孩子们提供学校。村长说可以把一座废弃的旧农舍用作教室。所有村民都很满意，立即开始了这项工程。由于雨季的到来，村民们不得不停下来去种植。孩子们决定自己接着修建教室。这个消息不胫而走。两位教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。但是他们还面临许多困难：没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。虽然这样，但是孩子们还是很高兴的，因为他们在自己修建的学校里读书。
21．句意：这时村长想到了一个主意。根据He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. 他说有一座废弃的旧农舍。它可以在打扫清洁和装饰后用作教室。可知，这是村长所想到的一个主意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：idea。因为前面有不定冠词an，因此idea用单数。故答案为idea。
22．句意：所有村民都对他的建议很满意，立即开始了这项工程。根据started the project immediately. 立即开始了这项工程。说明村民们对于村长的提议很满意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：pleased。be pleased with：对……感到满意。所以答案为：pleased。
23．句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d　　3　　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_______ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。
24．句意：他们不得不停止为学校工作，因为现在是他们种植的最佳时机。根据But the rains were coming. 和as it was now the best time for them to plant.可知，由于雨季的到来，这是人们种植的最好时节，因此应该是停止建学校。再结合首字母提示可知，填：stop。had to是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故答案为stop。
25．句意：于是，mhangeni的孩子们决定自己建成这座房子。do sth. by oneself，oneself用在动词后面，可以强调主语，表示“某人自己”，和by oneself是一个意思，即表示“靠某人自己”的意思。因此本题应该填反身代词，再结合首字母提示和主语the children of Mhangeni可知，填：they 的反身代词themselves。故答案为themselves。
26．句意：关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。根据many people knew it. 很多人都知道。可知，这个消息是传开了的。再结合首字母提示可知，填：spread。由and后面的句子and many people knew it.可知，该句话的时态为一般过去时，因此and 前面的句子也要用一般过去时。spread的过去式为spread。所以答案为：spread。
27．句意：两位在该国教育部工作的教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。根据The news about the project s　　6　　and many people knew it. 关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。以及two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a　　7　　.两位外国游客也被孩子们的_______ 所感动。可知，应该是孩子们的行为感动了他们。再结合首字母提示可知，填：action。又因为该空前面的the children’s是复数的名词所有格，因此后面的名词应该用复数。故答案为actions。
28．句意：经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。根据After 10 days of hard work, 经过10天的努力。可知，新学校应该是准备好了。再结合首字母提示可知，填：ready。be ready：准备就绪。所以答案为：ready。
29．句意：除此之外，他们还面临许多困难。根据There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book. 没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。可知，这些都是他们所面临的困难。再结合首字母提示可知，填：difficulty。many后面跟可数名词的复数，difficulty的复数为difficulties。所以答案为：difficulties。
30．句意：然而，孩子们很乐意在学校学习，尤其是在他们帮助建立的新学校里。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially。especially表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是为了进一步强调，强调孩子们很乐意在学校里学习。因此填：especially。
【点睛】
英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
　　与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
　　在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
　　再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d　　3　　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_______ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
（2018·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w__31__of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i__32__the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s___33___they were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c__34__days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f___35___clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l _36_ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f___37___
o keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b___38___was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i____39____accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c__40__. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
【答案】31．ways
32．invented
33．sun
34．cloudy
35．first
36．level
37．failed
38．but
39．improved
40．change
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要说明了是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。
31． 前文提到”A clock, a watch or a cell phone”, 可知这里是在说计量时间的“方法、手段”， 又因为前有形容词 different 修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数 ways。
32．根据前文 people have developed 可知，本文是写古人发明的计时方法， 所以这里填 invent“发明”；根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知要使用一般过去时，所以填 invented.
33．根据文章可知埃及人发明的 the sun clock 是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填 sun。
34．根据文章可知，埃及人发明的 sundial 和 the sun clock 都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy.
35．前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了 water clocks 是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是“首次”，填 first.
36．根据前文，water clock 的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填 level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。
37．根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点， water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词 but 可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段“机械钟更加准确”可知水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。所以应该是考 fail to do 不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填 failed.
38．机械钟的优点是更加准确，空后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出现了语义转折，所以应该填 but.
39．根据前文“接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，所以应该是“提升”了精确性，所以填 improved.
40．根据前一句“在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是”可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”，而且通过 nowadays 可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填 change。
点睛：这篇综合填空写的是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时，非常符合中考综合填空题型中科技类说明文的出题特点。其中重点考查了连词 but 前后的语义转折，以及上下文中近义词的相互提示，比如 develop 和 improve。10 道题中有 4 道题出现了词性变化。另一大特点是，生词量较往年有所增加，对考生的词汇量提出了较高要求
（2020·天津·中考真题）Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n___41___ to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e___42___ staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a___43___ thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b___44___ that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q___45___ place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s___46___ about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l___47___ cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work t___48___ to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h___49___ lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w____50____ you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
【答案】41．nice
42．enjoy
43．another
44．bed
45．quiet
46．stories
47．like
48．together
49．help
40．when
【解析】
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
41．句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！
根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
42．句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。
根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
43．句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。
根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
44．句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？
根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
45．句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。
根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
46．句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。
根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
47．句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？
根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
48．句意：当一家人一起做家务时……
根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
49．句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。
根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
50．句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”
根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。

（2022·天津河东·二模）You may think that you cannot live through summer without air conditioners. But in ancient China, hand fans were a___51___ the only way for people to drive the heat away. Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came in different s___52___, such as round and square. They were also made from all kinds of materials. Palm (棕榈树) leaf fans were c___53___ and easy to make. Feather fans showed the o___54___ high status (地位). Sandalwood (檀香) fans could send out a sweet smell. Later, hand fans became far more than just something that could cool you down. They developed into art w___55___, in which Tuanshan (round fans) and Zheshan (folded fans) were the most common.
In the shape of a full moon, Tuanshan were usually m___56___ of silk. They had beautiful birds and flowers on them. Women, e___57___ those in the imperial palace (皇宫), liked to use them. Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s unlucky life to tuanshan. Nalan Xingde w___58___ during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted fans?”
Meanwhile, men, especially the literati (文人), used Zheshan. The literati liked them b___59___ Zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to show off their ability in literature, painting and handwriting. Almost a_____60_____ could be painted on Zheshan.
Today, Chinese people still use these fans, though not many people write or paint on them any more. Next time when you are waving a fan, you may think of the stories behind it.
【答案】51．(a)lmost
52．(s)hapes
53．(c)heap
54．(o)wner’s
55．(w)orks
56．(m)ade
57．(e)specially
58．(w)rote
59．(b)ecause
60．(a)nything
【解析】
本文主要介绍了中国古代的扇子文化。
51．句意：但在中国古代，手扇几乎是人们驱暑的唯一方式。根据“But in ancient China, hand fans were ... the only way for people to drive the heat away.”和首字母可知，almost“几乎”符合语境，故填(a)lmost。
52．句意：扇子的形状各不相同，比如圆形和正方形。根据“such as round and square”可推知，扇子有不同的形状；结合首字母提示，shape“形状”符合语境，此处要用复数形式，故填(s)hapes。
53．句意：棕榈叶扇子既便宜又容易制作。根据“Palm (棕榈树) leaf fans were ... and easy to make.”和首字母可知cheap“便宜的”符合语境，故填(c)heap。
54．句意：羽毛扇子显示了主人的高地位。根据“Feather fans showed the ... high status (地位).”和首字母可知，owner“拥有者”符合语境；再根据“high status (地位)”可知，此处要用名词所有格形式，故填(o)wner’s。
55．句意：它们发展成艺术作品，其中团扇（圆扇）和折扇（折扇）是最常见的。根据“They developed into art...”和首字母可知，此处表示它们发展成艺术品；works“作品”符合语境，故填(w)orks。
56．句意：团扇通常由丝绸组成。根据“Tuanshan were usually ... of silk.”可知，be made of“由……制成”，固定短语，故填(m)ade。
57．句意：女性，尤其是皇宫里的女性，喜欢使用它们。根据“Women, ...those in the imperial palace (皇宫),”可知，此处特指皇宫中的女性；由首字母提示可知，especially“尤其”符合语境，故填(e)specially。
58．句意：清代的纳兰性德在诗中写道“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？”根据“If only life were as beautiful as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted fans?”可推知，此处指在诗中写道，write“写”符合语境；动作发生在过去，动词要用过去式，故填(w)rote。
59．句意：文人喜欢它们，因为折扇通常是纸做的，他们可以在上面写诗作画。根据“The literati liked them”和“Zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them.”可知，前后句为因果关系；再由首字母提示可知，because“因为”符合语境，故填(b)ecause。
60．句意：折扇上几乎可以画任何东西。根据“Almost ... could be painted on Zheshan.”和首字母可知，anything“任何事物”符合语境，故填(a)nything。
（2022·天津河西·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden? Many people have not had the pleasure of this e____61____. Alice Waters, the owner of Chez Panisse Restaurant, set out to change this for a special group of s____62____ at Martin Luther King Junior Middle School in Berkeley, California.
Waters worked with the head teacher, Neil Smith, to c____63____ a cooking and gardening program at the school. Waters believes in the importance of people knowing w____64____ their food comes from. She also believes that there is a strong r____65____ between food, health, and the environment. She wanted to show children the pleasure in gardening and in preparing the foods that they grew. She wanted to t____66____ them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand.
The p____67____ that Waters began took a lot of time and patience. Teachers, students, and community volunteers helped her turn a parking area into a garden.
In 1995, the f____68____ crops were planted. Every year since then, new crops are evaluated (评价) to make s____69____ that they are best suited for the environment and the needs of the school.
Students have found that they look forward to the time they spend in the garden each week. They have learned h____70____ to grow and harvest. They have learned about the life cycles of various plants.
Alice Waters dreams that one day there will be a garden in every school in the United States.
【答案】61．(e)xperience
62．(s)tudents
63．(c)reate
64．(w)here
65．(r)elationship
66．(t)each##(t)ell
67．(p)rogram##(p)roject
68．(f)irst
69．(s)ure
70．(h)ow
【解析】
本文主要介绍了Alice Waters发起的一项活动——在校园里种植粮食，让学生们吃到自己种的粮食，从而明白健康与环境的关系。
61．句意：许多人都没有这种经历的乐趣。根据“Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden?”可知，空处指吃自己种的粮食的经历，experience“经历”，this后接名词单数。故填(e)xperience。
62．句意：Chez Panisse餐厅的老板Alice Waters打算为加利福尼亚州伯克利市马丁·路德·金初中的一个特殊学生群体改变这一状况。根据“at Martin Luther King Junior Middle School”可知，空处指这所学校的学生，student“学生”，“a group of”修饰名词复数。故填(s)tudents。
63．句意：Waters与校长Neil Smith斯合作，在学校创建了一个烹饪和园艺项目。根据“a cooking and gardening program”可知，是创建了一个项目，create“创造，创建”。不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(c)reate。
64．
句意：Waters相信人们知道食物来自哪里的重要性。根据“their food comes from”可知，是知道食物来自哪里，用where引导宾语从句。故填(w)here。
65．
句意：她还认为，食物、健康和环境之间有着密切的关系。根据“there is a strong r…between food, health, and the environment.”可知，食物、健康和环境之间是有联系的，空处用名词单数relationship“关系”。故填(r)elationship。
66．
句意：她想教会/告诉他们，健康的身体和健康的环境是相辅相成的。根据“a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand”可知，这是Waters想教会/告诉学生们的事情，teach“教会”/tell“告诉”。故填(t)each/(t)ell。
67．
句意：Waters开始的项目花费了大量的时间和耐心。根据“The p... that Waters began”可知，此处含有定语从句，指Waters发起的这个项目，program/project“项目”，用单数。故填(p)rogram/(p)roject。
68．
句意：1995年，种植了第一批作物。根据“Every year since then, new crops...”可知，1995年种的是第一批作物，first“第一”。故填(f)irst。
69．
句意：此后，每年都会对新作物进行评估，以确保它们最适合学校的环境和需要。根据“…that they are best suited for the environment and the needs of the school.”可知，确保它们适合环境和需求，make sure“确保”。故填(s)ure。
70．
句意：他们学会了如何种植和收获。根据“They have learned h… to grow and harvest.”可知，学会了怎样种植和收获，用疑问词how+不定式作宾语。故填(h)ow。
（2022·天津东丽·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: He seemed to know everything. This was our relationship: I asked him questions and he told me the a___71___. Is there really a man on the moon? How do sailboats work? What is the highest score anyone’s ever gotten in PacMan?
In my teen years, he taught me things I’d need to know to l___72___ in the real world: How to d___73___ a car safely; how to check the car; the correct knife to use to peel(剥落) an apple and so on.
When I moved out on my o___74___ at the age of 18, I called him at least once a week. I called him, usually when something broke in my house and I needed to know how to fix it: the toilet, the air conditioning, the wall, once, when I threw a shoe at a scary mouse. But then, finally, I needed him less. I got m___75___ and my husband had most of the knowledge I didn’t have about doing housework, painting walls, cleaning the toilet and cooking. For e___76___ else, we had the Internet.
I don’t know when it h___77___, I don’t know why, either. But our conversations turned into six words. Me: “Hi, Dad.” Him: “Hi, sweets. Here’s Mom.”
I loved my father, of course, but I wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know. Maybe I’d heard all of his s___78___. Maybe, after knowing a man for 40 years, there’s nothing left to say. I realized something must be done to change the s____79____. I visited him often and talked about the things happened when I was young with him. We had dinner together. We traveled together. We s____80____ the beautiful scenery of the world together. The relationship between Dad and me rebuilt.
【答案】71．(a)nswers
72．(l)ive
73．(d)rive
74．(o)wn
75．(m)arried
76．(e)verything
77．(h)appened
78．(s)tories
79．(s)ituation
80．(s)aw
【解析】
本文作者讲述了自己与父亲从关系亲密到疏远再到重建亲密关系的过程。
71．
句意：我问了他一些问题，他告诉了我答案。根据“I asked him questions”可知，我问问题，他告诉我答案，answer“回答，答案”，可数名词，用复数与“questions”对应。故填(a)nswers。
72．
句意：在我十几岁的时候，他教会了我生活在现实世界中需要知道的事情。根据“l…in the real world”可知，是生活在这个世界中，live“住，生活”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(l)ive。
73．
句意：如何安全驾驶汽车。根据“a car”可知，是开车，drive“开（车）”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(d)rive。
74．
句意：当我18岁独自搬出去时，我每周至少给他打一次电话。on one’s own“独自”，固定短语，符合语境。故填(o)wn。
75．
句意：我结婚了，我丈夫掌握了我在做家务、粉刷墙壁、打扫厕所和做饭方面所没有的大部分知识。根据“my husband had…”可知，是结婚了，get married“结婚”。故填(m)arried。
76．
句意：除此之外，我们还有互联网。根据“we had the Internet”可知，对于其他不懂得一切都可以搜索网络找答案，everything“一切”符合语境。故填(e)verything。
77．
句意：我不知道什么时候发生的，也不知道为什么。根据“But our conversations turned into six words.”可知，不知道关系疏远是什么时候发生的，happen“发生”，用一般过去时，故填(h)appened。
78．
句意：也许我听过他所有的故事。根据“he had already shared everything I needed to know”可知，我知道他所有的故事，story“故事”，“all of”修饰名词复数。故填(s)tories。
79．
句意：我意识到必须采取一些措施来改变这种局面。根据“something must be done to change the s…”可知，是要改变与父亲疏远的这种情况，situation“情况，局面”，用单数。故填(s)ituation。
80．
句意：我们一起看了世界上美丽的风景。根据“We traveled together. We s…the beautiful scenery of the world together.”可知，一起旅行，一起看风景，see“看”，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填(s)aw。
（2022·天津红桥·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
When Christopher Dempsey offered to donate (捐献) half of his liver (肝脏) to a stranger, he knew it would be a life-changing e___81___. What he didn’t know was he was saving the life of his future wife.
Miss Krueger had liver disease, and had been ill for a___82___ two years already. The doctors told her she only had a 50% chance of l___83___ another two months without a transplant (移植). But it was d___84___ to get a transplant. There were more than 119,000 people on its transplant waiting l___85___.
That was where Mr. Dempsey came in. “I heard a worker talking about his cousin who needed a liver transplant,” Mr. Dempsey said, “I just thought to myself, I would want someone to help me or my family in that s___86___.”
Dempsey decided to get himself tested and was told that he was a match for Miss Krueger. The first time they spoke was the moment he called to t___87___ her he would be her donor (捐献者) at the start of February 2015. Later, she told him she and her mother had cried tears of joy after receiving the call. Shortly afterwards, they met for the f___88___ time when Mr. Dempsey took Miss Krueger for lunch. In the weeks leading up to transplant, they began to s___89___ more and more time together.
The proposal (求婚) came eight months a____90____ the transplant. They had a horse and carriage ride in Chicago. Then about 19 months after the day of the transplant, they became Mr. and Mrs. Dempsey.
【答案】81．(e)xperience
82．(a)bout
83．(l)iving
84．(d)ifficult
85．(l)ists
86．(s)ituation
87．(t)ell
88．(f)irst
89．(s)pend
90．(a)fter
【解析】
本文主要讲述了一位男子为一位女子捐献了半个肝脏，后来两个人结婚的故事。
81．
句意：他知道这将是一次改变人生的经历。根据“he knew it would be a life-changing”以及首字母并结合下文可知捐肝脏对他来说是改变他人生的经历，a后加名词单数experience“经历”。故填(e)xperience。
82．
句意：Krueger小姐患有肝病，已经病了大约两年了。根据“had been ill for...two years”以及首字母可知是大约两年时间，about“大约”。故填(a)bout。
83．
句意：医生告诉她，如果不进行移植，她只有 50% 的机会再活两个月。根据“another two months without a transplant”以及首字母可知是活两个月，live“生活”，介词of后加动名词。故填(l)iving。
84．
句意：但是移植很难。根据“There were more than 119,000 people on its transplant waiting”以及首字母可知想要得到移植很难，difficult“难的”。故填(d)ifficult。
85．
句意：其移植等候名单上有超过119,000 人。根据“There were more than 119,000 people on its transplant waiting”以及首字母可知是等候名单上有很多人，list“名单”，此处表泛指用名词复数。故填(l)ists。
86．
句意：我只是心想，在这种情况下，我希望有人能帮助我或我的家人。根据“I would want someone to help me or my family in that”以及首字母可知是在那种情况下也能帮助家人，in that situation“在那种情况下”。故填(s)ituation。
87．
句意：他们第一次说话是在他打电话告诉她他将在 2015 年2月开始时成为她的捐赠者的那一刻。根据“The first time they spoke was the moment he called to”以及首字母可知他打电话是告诉她要给她捐肝脏，tell“告诉”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(t)ell。
88．
句意：不久之后，当Dempsey先生带Krueger小姐吃午饭时，他们第一次见面。根据“they met for the...time”以及首字母可知是第一次见面，for the first time“第一次”。故填(f)irst。
89．
句意：他们开始花越来越多的时间在一起。根据“more and more time together”以及首字母可知是花费时间在一起，spend“花费”，begin to do sht.“开始做某事”。故填(s)pend。
90．
句意：求婚是在移植八个月后提出的。根据“The proposal (求婚) came eight months...the transplant”以及首字母可知是移植八个月之后求婚，after“在……之后”。故填(a)fter。
（2022·天津滨海新·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Have you heard of e-waste (电子垃圾), which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re b____91____ or you want a new one?
Most people j____92____ throw them away. With the development of electronic industry (电子产业), e-waste p____93____ has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons. The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came s____94____, with 6 million tons.
It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can be either valuable or harmful, depending on h____95____ we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine (城市矿藏). The value of the metals, l____96____ gold and silver in the waste around the world, is surprising. And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or a____97____, affecting (影响) the environment and people’s health.
Apple, for example, now recycles people’s used products in China when they are buying new ones. The company will test and r____98____ the used ones and sell them at lower prices. To help r____99____ e-waste, we can buy longer lasting electronic products. If you have the unwanted electronics, find a new home for t____100____. You can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs.
【答案】91．(b)roken
92．(j)ust
93．(p)ollution
94．(s)econd
95．(h)ow
96．(l)ike
97．(a)ir
98．(r)epair
99．(r)educe
100．(t)hem
【解析】
本文介绍了人们生产的大量的电子垃圾对环境造成了影响以及如何处理这些电子垃圾。
91．
句意：当你的电脑、MP4播放器和手机坏了或者你想要一台新的时，你会如何处理它们？根据“deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones”判断，应该是这些产品坏了的时候，才可能去处理他们，结合首字母可知，这里填broken意为“坏了的”，形容词，作表语。故填(b)roken。
92．
句意：大多数人只是把它们扔掉。分析句子结构可知，这里填一个副词，说明大多数人是如何处理电子垃圾的，结合首字母可知，just意为“只是”符合语境。故填(j)ust。
93．
句意：随着电子工业的发展，电子废弃物污染已成为一个严重的问题。根据“According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons.”可知，这里指电子垃圾的污染，结合首字母可知，pollution意为“污染”，不可数名词。故填(p)ollution。
94．
句意：美国是最大的浪费国，产量710万吨。中国以600万吨排在第二位。由producing 7.1 million tons以及with 6 million tons可知，中国是第二大电子浪费国，second意为“第二”。 故填(s)econd。
95．
句意：它可能是有价值的，也可能是有害的，这取决于我们如何处理它。根据“It can be either valuable or harmful, depending on”及所给的首字母判断，应该是如何处理电子垃圾，how意为“如何”。故填(h)ow。
96．
句意：这些金属的价值，如世界各地废物中的金银，令人惊讶。空后的gold and silver in the waste 是前面的The value of the metals的例子，因此用介词like意为“像”，这里是举例说明。故填(l)ike。
97．
句意：但如果人们把它们扔掉，有毒化学物质会进入大地或空气，影响环境和人们的健康。根据“the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or…affecting (影响) the environment and people’s health.”可知，这些有毒化学物质进入大地或空气，会影响环境和人们的健康，air意为“空气”，物质名词，不可数。故填(a)ir。
98．
句意：该公司将测试和维修旧的，并以更低的价格出售。根据“sell them at lower prices.”判断，应该是把旧的修理好，然后售卖。repair意为“修理”，这里用在will后面，用动词原形。故填(r)epair。
99．
句意：为了帮助减少电子垃圾，我们可以购买耐用的电子产品。根据“we can buy longer lasting electronic products.”判断，买耐用的电子产品是为了减少污染，reduce意为“减少”；这里是help do sth.意为“帮助做某事”，需用动词原形。故填(r)educe。
100．
句意：如果你有不需要的电子产品，给它们找一个新家。根据“find a new home”可知，这里指给他们找一个新家，them指代上文提到的不用的电子产品。故填(t)hem。