2018-2022年福建中考英语5年真题1年模拟汇编 专题02 短文综合填空（学生卷+教师卷）

专题02 短文综合填空

（2022·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

In the closing years of the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood (洪水) happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou. ___1___ flood brought down a large stone bridge.

People had rebuilt the bridge many ___2___ (time). But it was still washed away over and over again. “What’s wrong ___3___ it?” Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He ___4___ (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports (支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood.

One day, an idea came into his mind! He thought of ___5___ (build) bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones. When floods came, the waters would run through the ___6___ /fɔ: (r)/ small arches, bringing little influence on the bridge. He was ___7___ (great) excited by the idea, and danced happily right at his desk.

A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was safe ___8___ beautiful. The local people of Zhaozhou were very ___9___ /glæd/ that the problem of the stone bridge was finally worked out. Now, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1,300 years has _____10_____ /bɪˊkʌm/ a classical example of China’s arched bridges. It shows the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people.

（2021·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Tai chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first ____11____ ( develop) in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of ____12____ most popular sports around the world. It’s practiced by over 100 million people in more than 150 ____3____ ( country).

Tai chi is a mix of breathing, meditation (冥想) and ____4____ /sləu/ movements. As you make your movements, you breathe ____15____ (deep) and naturally with meditation. This helps you relax and ____16____ /fri:/ yourself from pressure (压力).

Caitlin, a young German beginner, says, “Tai chi is a fun exercise, easy to learn, and you don’t have to be good   ____17____ it to enjoy it. I love the feeling of calm I get from it.”

It’s best to learn tai chi from a teacher, so you can either look for local clubs ____18____ ask at school about classes. You can also take an ____19____ /, ɒn'laɪn/ class and try tai chi at home. It’s a perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after ____20____ (spend) a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it?

（2020·福建·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Do you know how rice first came to China? There is an old Chinese story ___21___ is about little girl who went out to fish. There was famine（饥荒）and everybody was very ___22___ /'hʌŋgrɪ/.

The little girl felt her net growing heavy and was very happy. However, it was the King of Frogs（青蛙）that she ___23___ /kɔ: t/. The frog told her to hold out her fishing net to the sun's rays and he would sing ___124___ magic song. The little girl followed his instructions. She was ___25___（great）surprised to see the rays of sunshine falling through the net. And they were changed ___26___ golden grains（谷粒）of rice. The first rice was thought to arrive in this way.

We do not know whether this story is true, but it tells ___27___（we）that rice has the same value as gold to the Chinese. Rice ___28___（be）always the main food for the Chinese. For centuries, much land has been devoted（奉献）to rice-planting and many Chinese people are ___29___（farmer）, who work very hard for each grain.

It's important to ____30____ /seɪv/ food and say no to waste. After all, waste not, want not.

（2018·福建·中考真题）Lonnie Johnson always loved taking things apart(分开). He ___31___ /’sʌmtaimz/ put them back together. Other times he made new things from different ___32___ (part). He learned how to use tools from his dad.

At 3, Lonnie put an old engine(发动机) on a homemade go-cart. He loved driving it around. He dreamed of being ___33___ inventor. By high school, Lonnie built a remote-control robot from some waste things. This won him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called ___34___ “The Little Scientist. In college, Lonnie was an excellent student. After that, he ___35___ (become) an Air Force officer, rocket scientist and business leader. ___36___ he never stopped inventing. You may have played with his most famous invention—the Super Soaker, a kind of water gun. Lonnie got the idea for this ___37___ /tɔi/ while working on another invention. When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom, it shot water ___38___ / ə’ krɔs/ the room.

Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 ___39___ (use) inventions. However, he still keeps ___40___ (try) new things.

（2019·福建·中考真题）短文填词 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Before   paper   was   invented,   people   wrote   or   drew   on   materials   such     as   bamboo,__41__ [sɪlk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were__42__(real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks___43___an man named Cai Lun.

Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for__44__(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting ( 试 验 ) with many different materials and different__45__(method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was__46__(strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.

With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture___47___[ɡruː] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share___48___more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping___49___['ʌðə] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But___50___whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.

（2022·福建福州·二模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

If you do not live by the sea, you may not think a lot about oceans during your ____51____ /'deɪli/ life. But World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8 every year, is a good time to think about ____52____ amazing and important oceans are.

The world’s oceans cover nearly three ____53____ (four) of the Earth’s surface. They are a great source of food for people around the world. Many people make a living by ____54____ (catch) fish. There are also a lot of people who sell or cook seafood to support ____55____ (they) life.

The ocean is necessary for the health of our planet. Oceans absorb(吸收) much of the heat that reaches the earth from the sun. This makes the ____56____ /'temprətʃə(r)/ on the earth not too high.

Over half the oxygen that animals breathe ____57____ (come) from small oceanic plants called phytoplankton. These plants also absorb large amounts of CO2. They are also a key source of food-for a lot of sea animals.

Today, many dangers threaten (威胁) the health of oceans. Plastic pollution is one ____58____ the problems. Many plastic products that people throw away often reach the ocean. Many animals mistake plastic waste for their ____59____ and eat it. This can cause death of these animals.

But it doesn’t have to be this way, does it? Thus, we hope you can spend some time thinking about what you can do to ____60____ /prə'tekt/ oceans on this special day, and you may find you can do your part.

（2022·福建龙岩·一模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

American Anai Espinoza is in the eighth grade. Last summer, she ____61____ part in a summer dance program called Ailey Camp. Each morning, she and others would say several ____62____ (phrase) together. Her favorite is this: “I am in control.” Espinoza said, “It makes me believe I have the power to choose the right thing.”

Ailey Camp was ____63____ (create) in 1989 in Kansas City, Missouri by world-famous dancer and director Alvin Ailey. It is free, six-week program, ____64____ (especial) aimed at young people who have school, social, or family difficulties. Besides dance, the camp teaches students arts, creative writing and other ____65____ /kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃən/ skills. It also teaches them ____66____ to eat well and become leaders of groups. When the camp was over, the city’s professional ballet company offers 10 students scholarships(奖学金) for a year of training.

Kameron Davis ____67____ /rɪˈsi:vd/ one of those scholarships when he was a young man. Davis said he couldn’t pay for dance classes ____68____ the scholarship.

Davis said children at school ____69____ (make) fun of him when he began dancing. Ailey Camp, offered him a ____70____ /seɪf/ place and increased his confidence. Today, he enjoys giving back to the program by helping others build their confidence, too.

（2022·福建莆田·一模）阅读下面短文，根据音标、所给单词和语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写完整、正确。

Now it can be difficult for students to find time to exercise, since what they do is to sit at their desks and study all day long.

Even on vacations, most children prefer to enjoy ____71____ (they) at home watching TV or playing computer games. They ____72____ /̍seldəm/go out and spend time in the sun. However, the ____73____ /ɪmˈpɔːtns/ of exercise is well-known to us. A survey shows that to do well in ____74____ (learn), a student should spare time to exercise every day. That is to say, we should pay attention to ____75____ (healthy) as well as studies.

There are also other good points of exercise. One is greater confidence. Exercise may make it easier for students to ____76____ part in class activities and help them do a better job in studies and social communications. ____77____ /ə̍nʌðə(r)/ is less stress. Exercise can make them forget troubles and feel relaxed. 

It is not hard to do exercise. Just get some exercise into your daily school life. Go to school on foot or by bike ____78____ of by bus or by car. Doing some exercise class breaks is ____79____ (help) because it can make your mind clear. Also, you’d better play football or basketball _____80_____ your friends in the park at weekends. 

Get out of your chair and do more exercise, everyone!

（2022·福建师范大学附属中学初中部模拟预测）阅读下面短文， 根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确， 使短文意思完整，行文连贯。

Sichuan Province is known for one of the greatest archaeological (考古的) finds in the ____81____ (twenty) century. Now it continues to catch the eyes of heritage (遗产) lovers as more relics have been found in six new sacrificial pits (祭坑) there.

This is not the first time the place has made headlines since a farmer accidentally unearthed its ____82____ [ˈsi: krəts] in the 1920s. Not only does the cultural relic site (遗址) make news, but also the finds from the ____83____ [ˈeɪnʃənt] Liangzhu culture and Dunhuang murals have been attracting more tourists. Thanks to such discoveries, museums across the country saw ____84____ (many) footfalls than before during the recent May Day holiday. For example, by April 29, the Palace Museum had ____85____ [səʊld] out all tickets for the holiday week. ____86____ (similar), provincial museums also saw huge crowds during the holiday.

With improved living standards, ____87____ increasing number of people are visiting archaeological sites, ____88____ they hope to admire the country heritage. Besides, for several years now, electronic media have been paying attention to archaeology ____89____ a viewer-friendly way, such as through short videos and posters. Museums are using media to promote (宣传) ____90____ (they), too.

（2022·福建三明·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Would you like to get a good friend? Having ____91____ good friend can make your school life much more enjoyable. But making new friends at school can be hard, especially if you’re a naturally ____92____/ʃaɪ/ person.

So how can we make new friends? Here are some ____93____(suggest) that might be helpful to you. The easiest thing to do is making yourself look ____94____/’frendli/. When you cross your arms over your chest and put on your headphones, your body language is saying “Stay ____95____/a’weɪ/ from me!” Instead, smile naturally if someone ____96____(get) close to you.

____97____ the other hand, if you feel confident, you can try and get close to someone. Just saying “Hi, do you mind ____98____ I sit here?” is a great way to break the ice.

After that, continue the conversation by ____99____(find) something you have in common. Maybe the person is reading a book you’ve read or has something that ____100____(true) interests you. This will give you something fun to talk about and connect over. If you’re lucky, you’ll make a friend not just for school but for life!

（2022·福建三明·二模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

Elon Musk is an American businessman. His company has developed a chip (芯片) that was put into the ____101____ /hed/ of a pig. In 2020, Musk showed how it ____102____ (work) online.

If this technology is used on humans, it means people might be ____103____ /’eɪbl/ to control computers or other machines with their minds. For now, the main ____104____ /gəʊl/ is to use it to help disabled people. They could control artificial limbs (假肢) with their minds and move around more ____105____ (easy). Besides, people could finally use the technology to play video games or even drive cars.

However, there is still ____106____ long way to go to make these things happen. The chip can send signals from about 500 neurons (神经元) in the pigs brain, ____107____ the human brain has 80 billion neurons. Also, it could be ____108____ (harm) to put the chip in the brain. Hackers (黑客) could do something bad by controlling the chip. They might know what others are thinking ____109____ without being allowed.

As for the technology, there is another problem. When humans are _____110_____ (connect) to computers, are they still humans?

What do you think of the technology?

（2022·福建漳州·二模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

In ancient times, there was a king who wanted a special kind of horse, qianlima, which ____111____ (can) run 1, 000 li a day. He sent many people to find these horses and buy some for him. However, for three years, ____112____ /nʌn/ had been found.

Then, one day, someone new volunteered to help. Three ____13____ (month) later, he heard about a qianlima, but the horse had already been dead before he rushed there. Still, he bought the bones of the horse ____14____ 500 pieces of gold.

The king got very angry at it, saying “What I want is a live horse, not the bones of a dead horse!” The man answered ____115____ (calm) , “Imagine this. You’re willing to pay a high ____116____ /praɪs/ for a dead horse, let alone a live one. This shows people that you truly wish to get the horses. Just ____117____ /weɪt/ and the horses you want will come very soon.” As he said, within a year, many qianlima owners brought their horses to the king.

The story tells us that there are many talented people, but finding them is difficult. Just as Han Yu, ____118____ writer in the Tang Dynasty, says in the essay On Horses—qianlima are common, ___119___ a person who can find them is rare. So the story makes us think about our own talents. Instead of _____120_____ (waste) time for someone to find us, we can actively sell ourselves.