(新高考)高考英语专题12 语法填空-真题和模拟题分类训练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份(新高考)高考英语专题12 语法填空-真题和模拟题分类训练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含新高考高考英语专题12语法填空-真题和模拟题分类训练解析版doc、新高考高考英语专题12语法填空-真题和模拟题分类训练原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题12 语法填空

1. (2021·浙江卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1． (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2． $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3． (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4． (small)than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 5． (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6． (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 7． she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8． (plant)flowers in the front yard.
9． Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10． (sell)most of their furniture.

【答案】
1．has proved/has proven
2．for
3．marriage
4．smaller
5．was painted
6．herself
7．neither
8．to plant
9．The
10．sold
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
1．
考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
2．
考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
3．
考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
4．
考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
5．
考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
6．
考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
7．
考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
8．
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
9．
考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
10．
考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
2. (2021·全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 11． (build) originally to protect the city 12． the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 13． (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 14． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 15． (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 16． (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 17． did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 18． way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 19． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 20． (day) routines.

【答案】
11．was built
12．in/during
13．to walk
14．spending
15．better
16．hired
17．but
18．the
19．watchtowers
20．daily
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
11．
考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态(be done)，根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
12．
考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
13．
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
14．
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
15．
考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
16．
考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
17．
考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
18．
考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
19．
考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
20．
考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
3. (2021·全国乙卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 21． (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 22．(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 23．(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 24． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 25． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 26． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 27．(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 28．(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.29．(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 30．(have) a low impact on the natural environment.

【答案】
21．educated
22．development
23．its
24．until
25．the
26．of
27．visiting
28．financial
29．activities
30．to have
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
21．
考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
22．
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
23．
考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
24．
考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
25．
考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
26．
考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
27．
考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
28．
考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
29．
考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
30．
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
4. (2021·新高考I卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. 31．is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 32． (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 33．(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 34． (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 35．(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 36． (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 37．offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 38． (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 39．(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 40． must to visit!

【答案】
31．What
32．humans
33．undoubtedly
34．hotter
35．astonished
36．was
37．and
38．aching
39．mine
40．a
【分析】
本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
31．
考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
32．
考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
33．
考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
34．
考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
35．
考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
36．
考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
37．
考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
38．
考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
39．
考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
40．
考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
5. (2021·浙江卷·1月卷)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 41． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 42． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 43． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 44． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 45． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 46． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 47． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 48．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 49． (live) in the countryside, including 50． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【答案】
41．and
42．that/which
43．person’s
44．is considered
45．by
46．was
47．Studied
48．sharply
49．living
50．lower
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
41．
考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
42．
考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
43．
考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
44．
考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(a BMI)是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
45．
考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
46．
考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(gain)是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
47．
考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
48．
考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
49．
考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
50．
考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。


考点09 语法填空
Passage 1(2021·安徽高三三模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
You may remember back at the start of December, 1 China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 2 (success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in China’s space field, and also one of the most notable space 3 (activity) globally. Chang’e-5, 4 (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s 5 (large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth, 6 (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23-day mission was China’s first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 7 the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960’s and the second Soviet Union in the 1970’s.
The spacecraft 8 (enter) the Earth’s atmosphere at an altitude of around 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in China’s Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples 9 (examine) by scientists very soon.
The mission’s results will contribute 10 mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system.

【答案】
1．when 2．successfully 3．activities 4．launched 5．largest
6．marking 7．it 8．entered 9．will be examined 10．to
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了嫦娥五号进行为期23天的太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家。
1．考查定语从句。句意：你可能还记得去年12月初，中国执行了嫦娥五号无人驾驶任务，飞船着陆月球，采集样本用于研究。定语从句的先行词是the start of December，表示时间，且在定语从句中充当时间状语。故填when。
2．考查副词。句意：现在它成功地返回了地球。空处修饰动词returned，需要用副词。故填successfully。
3．考查名词。句意：这是中国航天领域最重大的事件，也是全球最引人注目的航天活动之一。根据one of可知空处应该用可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥五号于11月24日凌晨由长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空，是中国最大、最复杂的月球探测器。空处的launch作定语，且与被修饰的Chang’e-5为被动关系，用过去分词。故填launched。
5．考查形容词最高级。句意：见上题。根据由and连接，并列的most complex lunar probe可知，空处需要用最高级。故填largest。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：它带回了1731克的月球岩石和土壤，在最后一批月球物质被带回44年后，这标志着一项历史性的成就。空处为结果状语，且与句子的主语It为主动关系，用现在分词。故填marking。
7．考查代词。句意：这次为期23天的任务是中国首次太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家，第一个是60年代的美国，第二个是70年代的苏联。空处需要用代词指代China。故填it。
8．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：宇宙飞船在大约120千米的高度进入地球大气层。表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填entered。
9．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：现在宇宙飞船已经被空运到北京，那里的样本将很快被科学家检测。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据very soon可知要用一般将来时;且examine与samples为被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be examined。
10．考查介词。句意：这次任务的结果将有助于人类更深入地了解月球的起源和太阳系的演化。contribute to…为固定短语，意为“有助于……”。故填to。
【点睛】
语法填空题目需要在理解文本意思的基础上，分析句法结构,综合做出判断。
Passage 2(2021·四川成都市·成都七中高三二模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Devote yourself to the work you do, not the prize you might get. Hao Jingfang, a Tsinghua Universit graduate, is pursuing her passion for writing and education.
In 2016, she won 1 Hugo Award with her short novel, Folding Beijing, which made her the first female writer in China to bring home this prize. Later on, the author 2 (turn) to education. She set up Tongxing Academy for public welfare education and WetPlanets 3 (develop) children’s creativity after school.
Since building her company, Hao has been carrying out voluntary teaching 4 (program) in rural areas. “We 5 (real) want these kids to have better education resources like kids from the cities,” she said. Besides, 6 (difference) from the typical Chinese parents so ambitious for their children, Hao suggests 7 (give) kids more space for trial and error. “Let the children handle the reality 8 decide for themselves. If they struggle with obstacles, you can offer them some guidance or encouragement,” Hao said. She also encourages all women to discover their passions. “We live 9 a big, big world with endless possibilities. Don’t be too afraid to try something new. When you find the one thing that you want to commit to, you 10 (become) fearless to follow your dream.”

【答案】
1．the 2．turned 3．to develop 4．programs 5．really
6．different 7．giving 8．and 9．in 10．will become
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了清华大学毕业生郝景芳的事迹。
11．考查冠词。“雨果奖”前面需要加定冠词，表特指｡故填the。
12．考查动词时态。该句前面有表示过去时间的状语later on，因此用过去时｡故填turned。
13．考查不定式。句意：她建立童行学院和童行星球，旨在课后开发学生的创造力｡此处做目的状语用不定式，故填to develop。
14．考查名词复数。句意：郝景芳在乡下实施了很多志愿教学项目。根据句意，用名词复数，表示不止一个教学项目。故填programs。
15．考查副词。句意：我们真正想要农村孩子有城里孩子一样的更好的教育资源｡修饰动词用副词｡故填really。
16．考查形容词。句意：郝景芳和典型的中国家长不一样｡说明主语用形容词作伴随状语。故填different。
17．考查动名词。句意：她建议给孩子更多试错的空间｡suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填giving。
18．考查连词。句意：让孩子处理现实问题并自己做决定｡此处与handle是并列关系，应用and。故填and。
19．考查介词。句意：我们生活在一个大世界，拥有无穷可能性｡in a big, big world“在一个大大的世界”，是固定短语。填in。
20．考查动词时态。句意：当发现自己想从事的事情时，就会无畏地追寻梦想｡根据句意可知, 句意描述将来发生的事情, when引导时间状语从句, 主句将来时从句现在时。故填will become。
Passage 3(2021·河南洛阳市·高二期中)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At a time when we are all experiencing an extraordinary level of stress, science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional(情感的)health.
To help yourself, 1 ( start) by helping others.
As 2 matter of fact, our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of 3 (way)when we help others. Some research has focused 4 the “ helper’s high. " Studies show that volunteering, donating money, or even just thinking about donating money can release (释 放)feel-good brain chemicals.
5 (feel) responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings. Emily Greenfield, an associate 6 ( consult) of social work at Rutgers
University, studied a concept called “felt obligation (义务),” which 7 (measure) by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need, even 8 it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out, the people who had higher levels of “felt obligation” — meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others — dealt 9 ( well) with their own life challenges than others.
She 10 (note) that caring for others helped us to regulate our own emotions and gain a sense of control.

【答案】
1．start 2．a 3．ways 4．on/ upon 5．Feeling
6．consultant 7．is measured 8．if/ though 9．better 10．noted
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种改善精神健康的方法——帮助别人。
1．考查动词。句意：要帮助自己，首先要帮助别人。分析句子类型可知，此句是祈使句，以动词原形开头，故填 start。
2．考查固定短语。句意：事实上，当我们帮助别人时，我们的身体和心灵以各种方式受益。as a matter of fact为固定搭配，意为“实际上，事实上”， 故填a。
3．考查名词单复数。句意：事实上，当我们帮助别人时，我们的身体和心灵以各种方式受益。根据空前的“a variety of”可知，此处指的是各种各样的方法，way为可数名词，故用复数形式，故填ways。
4．考查介词。句意：一些研究集中在“帮助者的兴奋点”上。foucs on/upon为固定搭配，意为"关注"，故填on/ upon。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：对他人有责任感也可以帮助我们处理生活带来的任何挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处为主语，应填动名词，故填Feeling。
6．考查名词。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。根据空前的“an associate”及空后的“of ”可知，此空应该填写名词，表示“顾问”，故填consultant。
7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。此句为非限制性定语从句，描述一个客观的事实，故用一般现在时；先行词concept为单数，在从句中作主语，与谓语动词measure之间为被动关系，用被动语态，故填is measured。
8．考查固定搭配。句意：艾米丽·格林菲尔德是罗格斯大学社会工作顾问，研究了一个名为“感觉义务”的概念，通过询问人们一些问题来衡量，比如他们觉得有义务为需要帮助的朋友捐钱，即使这意味着自己陷入困境。通过句意可知，此处表达让步关系，意为“即使，虽然”，even if/though为固定短语，故填if/ though。
9．考查副词比较级。句意：结果表明，那些有较高“责任感”的人——这意味着他们是那种会为他人做出牺牲的人——能够更好地应对自己的生活挑战。根据后文“than”可知，此处应该填比较级，故填better。
10．考查动词时态。句意：她指出，关心他人有助于我们调节自己的情绪，并获得一种控制感。note在句中作谓语动词，根据上文时态可知，此处应该用一般过去时，描述发生在过去的事情，故填noted。
Passage 4(2021·义县高级中学高二月考)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High school years are a large part in 1 (shape) the person you are going to become. A school often 2 (provide)education for you, and it can also be a place 3 you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports. These years can make you become a high school student 4 (fill)with many different emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness, envy, loneliness, stress, and a numerous amount more. This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one’s peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, and etc. The list is 5 (end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful 6 effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior 7 (issue), and poor decision making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can 8 (see)positively in some situations. This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs, be honest, avoid alcohol, respect others, work hard, exercise, be kind, be responsible, and more. Friends and peer 9 (actual)affect the choices you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect 10 you.

【答案】
1．shaping 2．provides 3．where 4．filled 5．endless
6．and 7．issues 8．be seen 9．actually 10．on / upon
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了高中生的高中生活及学习，高中学习中既有好的一面也有其不好的一面，作者也由此提出了一些建议。
1．考查非谓语动词。根据句子中的介词in可知，介词后跟动词的现在分词形式作宾语，故填shaping。
2．考查主谓一致。主语为A school,为单数，所以谓语动词用单数第三人称的形式，故填provides。
3．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为a place, 定语从句为you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports.先行词在定语从句中充当的是地点状语成分，所以选用关系副词引导，故填where。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些年可以让你成为一个高中生，充满了各种各样的情绪，包括快乐，愤怒，悲伤，嫉妒，孤独，压力，还有很多很多。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词为can make，fill作非谓语，它的逻辑主语是student，短语be filled with表示 “充满”,fill和主语之间为被动关系，故填filled。
5．考查形容词。句意：这个列表是永无止境的。根据句意可知，此处应填形容词的形式作表语，故填endless。
6．考查连词。固定搭配both…and…两者都……,本句中and连接两个形容词harmful和effective 故填and。
7．考查名词单复数。根据后面and poor decision making and outcomes中outcomes为复数形式，and连接并列名词issue(问题)，为可数名词，所以用复数形式。故填issues。
8．考查被动语态。see的主语it指代的是peer pressure，两者为被动关系，且see在情态动词can后面，用动词原形，故填be seen。
9．考查副词。此处actual修饰动词affect，用副词形式，故填actually。
10．考查固定搭配。have an effect on/upon对……有影响。故填on/upon。
【点睛】
非谓语动词是高中阶段很重要的一个语法知识点，做题的时候需要注意：
1.判定此处为非谓语动词还是谓语动词
2.如果是非谓语动词，先找主语
3.判定两者之间的主被动关系，还是目的关系
4.选定相应的非谓语形式
在4小题中，主语和非谓语之间是被动关系，故用了过去分词的形式，填filled。
Passage 5(2021·全国高三专题练习)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London. Its sound so well-known 1 it has often been used in films. The Clock tower was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May, with the Great Bell’s strikes 2 (hear) for the first time on 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009, during 3 celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most outstanding 4 (symbol) of both London and England.
The Clock Tower you see today is not the first tower to be built in Parliament’s ground. The 5 (origin) tower was built in 1288- 1290 during the reign of King Edward I. Unfortunately 6 big fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. Architects 7 (invite) to submit their designs and Sir Charles Barry’s was successful. Reconstruction of the Clock Tower began in September 1843. 8 was designed in the Victorian Gothic style.
With time passing by, the top of the clock tower is leaning one-and-a-half fee off a level position and 9 (get) worse each year now, partly as a result 10 decades of underground excavation.

【答案】
1．that 2．heard 3．which 4．symbols 5．original
6．a 7．were invited 8．It 9．getting 10．of
【语篇解读】
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦威斯敏斯特宫北端大钟——大本钟的有关历史知识。
1．考查句型固定句式。句意：大本钟的声音如此有名以至于它经常在电影里出现。so…that...为固定搭配，意为“如此……以致于”，故填that。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：大钟于5月31日开始报时，大钟在7月11日第一次敲响。在with的复合结构中，介词宾语the Great Bell’s strikes与动词hear二者是被动关系，即敲钟的声音被听到，用过去分词作宾补。故填heard。
3．考查定语从句。句意：它于2009年5月31日庆祝成立150周年，其间举行了庆祝活动。本句是定语从句，其中31 May 2009是先行词，在定语从句中作介词during的宾语，指物要用which，定语从句中常把介词与关系词一起提到前面，即介词+关系代词which，表示在此期间。故填which。
4．考查名词的复数形式。句意：这座塔已成为伦敦和英国最突出的象征之一。“one of+名词复数”，可知，空格后要跟名词的复数形式。故填symbols。
5．考查形容词。句意：最初的钟塔建于1288~1290年爱德华一世统治时期。本空格修饰名词tower，一般用形容词修饰名词tower，故填original。
6．考查不定冠词。句意：一场大火摧毁了威斯敏斯特宫的绝大部分。此处是表示数量，表示“一”，故填a。
7．考查被动语态。句意：众多设计师应邀提交设计方案，其中查尔斯·巴里的方案脱颖而出。主语Architects与动词 invite二者是被动关系，即设计师是被动，表示设计师是“被邀请”要用被动语态；本文叙述的过去的事，要用一般过去时。综合可知，空格处要用一般过去时的被动形式，主语是复数，故填were invited。
8．考查代词。句意：它是按维多利亚哥特式风格设计的。根据语境可知，空格处指代上文中的Clock Tower，英语中常用it指代上文提到的事，故填It。
9．考查时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，钟楼的顶部已经偏离水平位置倾斜了1.5英尺，而且每年的倾斜幅度都在增加，造成这一结果的部分原因是长达几十年的地下挖掘。句末的时间状语now和上文中is leaning的运用都表明应该填现在进行式，强调动作现阶段一直在进行。故填getting。
10．考查介词。句意：随着时间的流逝，钟楼的顶部已经偏离水平位置倾斜了1.5英尺，而且每年的倾斜幅度都在增加，造成这一结果的部分原因是长达几十年的地下挖掘。“as a result of…”是固定搭配，意思是“因为；由于”，故填of。
Passage 6 (2021·黑龙江大庆市·大庆实验中学高二开学考试)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
When the Lebanese director NadineLebaki was doing research for her filmCapernaum (何以为家), she interviewed many children 1 (struggle) for survival in Beirut and asked them one question 2 the end of the conversations.
The question was, “ Are you happy to be alive?” Sadly, the 3 (true) is that most of the answers were in the negative. The children from poverty-stricken 4 (family) talked about their miserable situations 5 they were abused (辱骂) and badly treated.
The 2-hour film begins with a story about Zain, 6 12-year-old boy who asks the parents why heis brought to the world with flashback shots about his sufferings appearing constantly. He is indeed a strong and wise character, although 7 (physical) smaller than his real age.
Besides, most of the other actors found it easy for them 8 (act) because similar experiences even happened in 9 (they) real life. So far, the film which premiered (首映) at the film festival 10 (receive) a lot of praise.

【答案】
1．struggling 2．at 3．truth 4．families 5．where
6．a 7．physically 8．to act 9．their 10．has received
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章讲述了黎巴嫩电影《何以为家》反其道而行之——男主角12岁赞恩开场就在法庭上陈述：“我要起诉我的父母，因为他们生下了我。”是什么样的经历让一个孩子做出了如此不可思议的举动呢？虽然这个故事发生在战乱的黎巴嫩，但相关的现实主义话题，即“生而不养”、“父母是否需要拥有资格证”等，都让现场观众热烈讨论起来，引发了很多人共鸣。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：她采访了很多在黎巴嫩挣扎的孩子。本句中interview是谓语动词，挣扎是第二个动词，两个动词之间没有连词，表示主动用现在分词，故填struggling。
2．考查介词。句意：在对话结束时，她问了一个问题。at the end of表示在…末尾，故填 at 。
3．考查名词。句意：令人伤心的是，回答的真相是否定的。冠词后用名词。故填truth 。
4．考查名词。句意：来自贫困家庭的孩子们说他们经常遭到辱骂和虐待。表示来自很多家庭的孩子们，家庭用名词复数。故填families 。
5．考查定语从句。句意：来自贫困家庭的孩子们说他们经常遭到辱骂和虐待。先行词是situation，在定语从句中做状语，用where，故填where。
6．考查冠词。句意：电影讲述了12岁男孩赞恩在黎巴嫩的艰难成长历程，用倒叙的镜头不断地描述他的痛苦他起诉控告自己的父母为什么生下他，用冠词修饰名词。故填 a 。
7．考查副词。句意：尽管比同龄孩子瘦小。副词修饰形容词，故填physically 。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：另外很多其他的演员发现他们表演起来很容易。find+it +形容词for somebody to do,是固定句式，表示“发现对某人来说做某事怎样”, it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故填to act。
9．考查代词。句意：因为相似的经历甚至在他们的真实生活中发生过。形容词物主代词修饰名词，故填 their 。
10．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这部电影在电影节首映中受到了高度赞扬。so far到目前为止,是现在完成时的标志，故填has received。
【点睛】
一个句子中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词)，又没有连词的情况下，若还有其他动词出现，该动词则充当了非谓语动词。第1题中已经存在谓语动词interview，而且没有连词，挣扎这个动词就是非谓语动词。挣扎和孩子们是主动关系，用现在分词，因此填struggling。
Passage 7(2021·江西鹰潭市·高三一模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It is the world’s biggest winter festival. The 1 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this festival.
2 sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the 3 (beauty) lighting. It is bigger than 4 ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.
At first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it 5 (become) an international festival and 6 (compete). As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 7 (grow). The work going into making those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The lightning 8 (effect) on the huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially the festival 9 (hold) from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depends 10 the weather.
The Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
【答案】
1．bitterly 2．What 3．beautiful 4．the 5．has become
6．competition 7．growing 8．effects 9．is held 10．on
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一年一度的哈尔滨冰雪节的介绍。
1．考查副词。句意：严寒的冬天正适合这个节日。空处需用副词修饰形容词cold，再结合提示词bitter。故填bitterly。
2．考查主语从句。句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，再结合句意需用连接代词what引导。故填What。
3．考查形容词。句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处修饰名词lighting，需用形容词形式，再结合提示词beauty。故填beautiful。
4．考查冠词。句意：哈尔滨节冰雪节比挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节大。根据句意此处填定冠词the表示特指，the ones特指挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节。故填the。
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，此处需作谓语动词；又因句中时间状语为in the last decade，需用现在完成时；主语为it，需用第三人称单数形式；再结合提示词become。故填has become。
6．考查名词。句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，空处需用单数名词与festival并列作宾语，再结合提示词compete。故填competition。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冰雪节在国际参与下成长，以及中国经济的发展，冰雕和冰雕展览的规模也在不断扩大。空处前面是谓语动词keep，所以空处应用动名词作其宾语，再结合提示词grow。故填growing。
8．考查名词。句意：在冰雪大世界里，巨型冰雕上的闪电效果在技术上是复杂的。分析句子成分可知，空处需用名词作主语；根据系动词are可知，主语要用复数形式；再结合提示词effect。故填effects。
9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：官方的节日从12月底到2月举行。根据上下文语境可知，此处需用一般现在时；主语festival与hold之间为动宾关系，此处需用被动语态；又因主语festival为单数形式，此处需用第三人称单数形式。故填is held。
10．考查介词。句意：冰雪节开始日期一直在变，而结束日期在一定程度上取决于天气。depend on为固定短语，意为“取决于，依赖”。故填on。
Passage 8(2021·辽宁丹东市·高三一模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Linqing City is connected to Beijing, over 400 kilometers away, through its tribute(贡品) bricks. Linqing tribute bricks, or Gong Bricks, were transported to the country’s capital through the Grand Canal for the 1 (construct) of historical buildings like the Forbidden City. Local people call the type of brick a legend 2 flows from the Grand Canal. This "legend" 3 (list) as an example of national cultural heritage on June 14, 2008.
Linqing sits at the confluence (交汇处) of the Weihe River and the Grand Canal, making transportation very 4 (convenience) .
During the Ming and Qing (1368-1912) dynasties, Linqing was a large important city 5 a population of over one million. Linging tribute bricks earned their reputation during the Ming Dynasty, when they were 6 (wide) used for imperial buildings. Apart from the transport links, the quality of the brick is one factor to make 7 famous.
The "Lianhua" soil in Linging is 8 ideal raw material for bricks. The city is located in the plain of the Yellow River. So when the Yellow River floods, there will always be a layer of fine sandy soil 9 (cover) the local soil. Over time, a layer of sandy soil and a layer of clay will form an overlapping structure, known as "Lianhua". Linging tribute bricks 10 (make) of this soil will not be out of shape easily.

【答案】
1．construction 2．that/which 3．was listed 4．convenient 5．with
6．widely 7．it 8．an 9．covering 10．made
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍临清贡砖。临清贡砖，或称宫砖，通过大运河运往首都，用于建造历史建筑，如紫禁城。当地人称这种砖为源自大运河的传说。
1．考查名词。句意：临清贡砖，或称宫砖，通过大运河运往首都，用于建造历史建筑，如紫禁城。分析句子结构the ____1____ (construct) of，此处应该用名词形式，作介词for的宾语，所给词construct是动词，其名词是construction。故填construction。
2．考查定语从句。句意：当地人称这种砖为源自大运河的传说。此处是限定性定语从句，a legend是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
3．考查动词时态及语态。句意：这个“传说”于2008年6月14日被列为国家文化遗产。这里在描述过去发生的事情，且主语This "legend"和谓语动词list之间是被动关系，所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。
4．考查形容词。句意：临清地处渭河与京杭大运河的交汇处，交通十分便利。固定搭配：make+宾语+宾语补足语，此处是形容词作宾语补足语，所给词convenience是名词，其形容词是convenient。故填convenient。
5．考查介词。句意：明清时期(1368-1912)，临清是一个人口超过一百万的重要城市。固定搭配：with a population of“有……人口”，其中with的意思是“具有，和……在一起”。故填with。
6．考查副词。句意：陵贡砖在明朝时赢得了声誉，当时它们被广泛用于帝王建筑。此处used是动词，由副词修饰，所给词wide是形容词，其副词是widely。故填widely。
7．考查代词。句意：除了交通便利，砖的质量也是让它出名的一个因素。此处用代词it，指代前面的the brick。故填it。
8．考查冠词。句意：岭南的“莲花土”是一种理想的制砖原料。此处泛指“一种理想的原料”，且ideal是以元音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以当黄河泛滥时，总会有一层细沙覆盖在当地的土壤上。sandy soil和cover之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填covering。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：用这种土壤制成的砖不容易变形。固定短语：be made of“由……制成”，此处bricks和make之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。
Passage 9(2021·江西上饶市·高三二模))
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A concrete bookstore under 1 (construct)in Wisdom Bay innovation park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bookstore in China, and it is due to open to the public at the end of January, 2021.
"The bookstore was printed on-site in three weeks,” He Yuting, 2 is responsible for this project, from Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday. The printing work has finished and the bookstore will 3 (decorate), He told the reporter.
4 (compare)with simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin, the bookstore is an innovative attempt in the architecture field, as the 3D-printed architecture is 5 (cheap)than conventional construction techniques and saves time, He said.
6 makes this bookstore so unique, is that “we used fiber concrete to resist compression,” He added, 7 (note)that the floor also has a heating system.
He mentioned the 3D-printed bookstore is as safe as traditional concrete construction based on their experimental data in 8 (term)of structure and earthquake resistance.
So far, different teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all 9 (have)similar research on 3D-printed concrete technology, 10 China’s research and achievements in this field are among the best in the world, according to He.

【答案】
1．construction 2．who 3．be decorated 4．Compared 5．cheaper
6．What 7．noting 8．terms 9．have had 10．but /and
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国的第一家3D打印混凝土书店的相关信息。
【详解】
1.考查名词。句意：上海智慧湾创新园区正在建设一家混凝土书店，这将是中国第一家3D打印书店，预计于2021年1月底向公众开放。分析句子可知，under“在……之下”后应该填写名词作宾语，construct“建设”为动词，应该改为对应的名词。故填construction。
2.考查定语从句。句意：周四，北京清华大学建筑学院负责该项目的何宇庭告诉《环球时报》：“书店在三周内就完成了现场印刷。”本句为非限制性定语从句，He Yuting为人名，为先行词，作定语从句的主语，用who引导定语从句。故填who。
3.考查时态和语态。句意：他告诉记者，印刷工作已经完成，书店将装修。分析句子可知，and连接并列句，decorate与bookstore构成动宾关系，句子为被动语态，且根据will可知，此处为一般将来时。故填be decorated。
4.考查过去分词。句意：他说，与3D打印花盆等简单作品相比，这家书店是建筑领域的创新尝试，因为3D打印建筑比传统施工技术更便宜，更节省时间。分析句子结构可知，逗号前作句子的状语，逻辑主语the bookstore与compare为被动关系，此处用过去分词作状语。故填Compared。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据than“比”可知，句子为比较级，且放在is后面用cheap的比较级cheaper作表语。故填cheaper。
6.考查主语从句。句意：让这家书店如此独特的是，“我们使用了纤维混凝土来抵抗压缩，”他补充道，并指出地板上还有一个供暖系统。分析句子结构可知，is前面的部分为主句部分的主语，为主语从句，且从句部分缺少句子的主语，用what指代。故填What。
7.考查现在分词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处表示伴随状语，且逻辑主语he与note为主动关系，用note的现在分词。故填nothing。
8.考查短语。句意：他提到，从结构和抗震性能的实验数据来看，3D打印书店和传统的混凝土建筑一样安全。in terms of意思为：在……方面，符合题意。故填terms。
9.考查时态。句意：到目前为止，法国、瑞士和俄罗斯的不同团队都对3D打印混凝土技术进行了类似的研究，但中国在该领域的研究和成果是世界上最好的。根据so far可知，句子为现在完成时，主语为teams，为复数名词。故填have had。
10.考查连词。句意同上。空处缺少连词连接两个句子，且后句为前一句的转折或者递进关系，用连词but或者and。故填but/and。
Passage 10(2021·辽宁抚顺市·高三一模)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Everywhere we look, we see advertisements that urge us to buy. Most people only buy what they need and what they can afford. However, there are some people, 1 (call) shopaholics, who can’t control their desire to spend money and buy things. This kind of addictive behavior can lead to large 2 (finance) problems, family conflict and deep 3 (happy).
Shopaholics often spend hours and hours shopping on the Internet or at the mall. Although their closets are full of clothing and jewelry that they have never worn and their homes may 4 (pack) with shopping bags and boxes that they bought but never used, many shopaholics 5 (simple) can’t resist the urge to buy. Some of them are ashamed of their weakness and try to hide it by storing their purchases in places like the attic, 6 others won’t see them.
There are several reasons for shopping addiction. For some people, it is a way of relieving stress. For 7 shopping is a way to fight loneliness or depression. Sometimes the problem develops out of boredom. Although shopping can temporarily make people 8 (feel) good, they often experience feelings of shame and guilt later. When shopping habits get out of control, people need professional help. They can either see a counselor (顾问) 9 join an organization, whose goal is 10 (help) people find ways to fulfill themselves that do not lead to serious debt and troubled lives.

【答案】
1．called 2．financial 3．unhappiness 4．be packed 5．simply
6．where或so 7．others 8．feel 9．or 10．to help
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了什么是“购物狂”，造成“购物狂”疯狂购物的原因以及解决办法。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，有一些人，称为购物狂，他们不能控制自己花钱和买东西的欲望。____1____ (call) shopaholics作后置定语，call与其逻辑主语some people之间是被动关系，用过去分词，所以填called。
2．考查形容词。句意：这种成瘾行为会导致巨大的经济问题、家庭冲突和深深的不幸福。该空修饰名词problems，用形容词作定语，所以填financial。
3．考查名词。句意：这种成瘾行为会导致巨大的经济问题、家庭冲突和深深的不幸福。根据“large____2____ (finance) problems, family conflict”可知这都是不幸福的一些事情；该空作lead to的宾语，用名词，unhappiness表抽象意义，不可数，所以填unhappiness。
4．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：虽然他们的衣柜里装满了他们从未穿过的衣服和珠宝，他们的家里也可能塞满了他们买过但从未使用过的购物袋和盒子，但很多购物狂就是无法抗拒购买的冲动。their homes和pack之间是被动关系，用被动语态，前面有情态动词may，含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是：情态动词+ be done，所以填be packed。
5．考查副词。句意：虽然他们的衣柜里装满了他们从未穿过的衣服和珠宝，他们的家里也可能塞满了他们买过但从未使用过的购物袋和盒子，但很多购物狂就是无法抗拒购买的冲动。该空修饰动词resist，用副词，所以填simply。
6．考查定语从句或状语从句。句意：他们中的一些人对自己的软弱感到羞愧，并试图把买的东西藏在阁楼之类的地方，这样别人就看不见了。____6____others won’t see them.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the attic，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句；____6____others won’t see them.也可以是结果状语从句，表示“所以”，用so引导该从句，所以填where或so。
7．考查固定短语。句意：对其他人来说，购物是一种对抗孤独或抑郁的方式。for some people…for others对一些人来说……对其他人来说，该短语是固定短语，所以填others。
8．考查固定用法。句意：虽然购物可以暂时让人感觉良好，但他们往往会在以后经历羞愧和内疚的感觉。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，所以填feel。
9．考查连词。句意：他们可以去咨询顾问，或者加入一个组织，该组织的目标是帮助人们找到实现自我的方法，而不会导致严重的债务和麻烦的生活。“see a counselor”和“join an organization”之间是选择关系，用连词or，所以填or。
10．考查不定式。句意：他们可以去咨询顾问，或者加入一个组织，该组织的目标是帮助人们找到实现自我的方法，而不会导致严重的债务和麻烦的生活。表示主语的具体内容、目的，用不定式作表语，所以填to help。
Passage 11(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈九中高三二模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Galwan Valley conflict in June last year resulted in casualties (伤亡) on both sides. The 1 (responsible) lies entirely with the Indian side. Bearing in mind the overall interests of relations between the two countries and the two militaries, China has exercised a high degree of restriction to cool down and ease the situation, 2 shows its magnanimity (宽宏大量) and high sense of obligation as a major country.
3 , the Indian side has 4 (repeat) overstated this incident and twisted the truth to mislead the international public opinion. To date, the PLA Daily 5 (reveal) the truth on the matter and people will have a 6 (good) understanding of what really happened and who is right and who is wrong. It is the least we could do 7 (sing) well of these heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice defending the country’s border.
China’s position on solving the border issue with India is consistent and clear. We are always committed to properly 8 (resolve) disagreements through dialogue and maintaining peace and stability in the border areas. We hope that in 9 long run the two sides will make joint efforts to safeguard border peace and promote long-term healthy and stable development of two-sided relations. This is in line 10 the common interests of the two peoples.

【答案】
1．responsibility 2．which 3．However 4．repeatedly 5．has revealed
6．better 7．to sing 8．resolving 9．the 10．with
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。对于去年6月发生的Galwan Valley冲突导致的两方人员伤亡，印方歪曲事实，误导国际舆论。中方在该事件上的态度是明确的：通过对话妥善解决分歧，维护边境地区的和平与稳定。从长远方面看，中方希望两方能共同努力，维持边境和平。
【详解】
1.考查名词。句意：责任完全在印度方面。分析句子可知，lies为句子的谓语动词，且为第三人称单数，空处作句子的主语，responsible负责任的，为形容词，此处应该用名词单数作主语，故改为对应的名词形式responsibility。故填responsibility。
2.考查定语从句关系词。句意：中方从两国两军关系大局出发，采取高度克制，缓和局势，体现了中国作为大国的大度和高度责任感。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“China has exercised a high degree of restriction to cool down and ease the situation”整句话，作后面定语从句主语，用which引导。故填which。
3.考查连词。句意：然而，印方一再夸大这一事件，歪曲事实，误导国际舆论。分析句意，根据后文“the Indian side has…overstated this incident and twisted the truth”可知，此处表示语义上的转折，用However“然而”引起下文。故填However。
4.考查副词。句意同上。空处放在has overstated之间，修饰谓语，用副词作句子的状语。repeat重复，故改为对应的副词形式repeatedly“反复地”。故填repeatedly。
5.考查时态。句意：到目前为止，《解放军日报》已经披露了事情的真相，人们将会更好地了解到底发生了什么，谁对谁错。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间To date“到目前为止”可知，句子为现在完成时，the PLA Daily与reveal为主动关系。故填has revealed。
6.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。空处放在understanding前作定语，good好的，为形容词原级，根据句意可知，此处表示“更好地了解”，用good的比较级。故填better。
7.考查动词不定式。句意：我们至少应该为这些为保卫国家边界而做出最终牺牲的英雄们歌唱一番。分析句子可知，It为句子的形式主语，真正主语为横线及后面部分，表示应该做的事情，用不定式形式to sing作句子的主语。故填to sing。
8.考查动名词。句意：我们始终致力于通过对话妥善解决分歧，维护边境地区的和平与稳定。分析句子可知，be committed to doing sth.为固定搭配，意思为：致力于做某事，to为介词，后面用动名词。故填resolving。
9.考查冠词。句意：我们希望从长远来看，双方共同努力，维护边境和平，促进两国关系长期健康稳定发展。in the long run为固定搭配，意思为：从长远来看。故填the。
10.考查介词。句意：这符合两国人民的共同利益。in line with为固定搭配，意思为：符合、与……一致。故填with。
Passage 12 (2021·辽宁朝阳市·高三一模)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away is a rhyme many of us can recall from our childhoods--and it may hold some 1 (true).
Apples are rich in antioxidants called flavonoids, which have been shown 2 (lower)the risk of a premature death, particularly from heart disease. The popular fruit has also been linked to a 3 (reduce)risk of type 2 diabetes and even some cancers.
Apples also act as a toothbrush, cleaning teeth and killing bacteria in the mouth, 4 may reduce the risk of tooth decay. They’re also low in calorie density, one of the trademarks of a healthy food. When a food is low in calorie density you can eat good size portions of the food for relatively few calories. 5 (addition), apples are affordable and readily available.
With all of this information, 6 is easy to see that, yes, an apple has its health benefits. But does eating an apple every day mean you’ll never get sick? Not likely. Various studies show health benefits when 7 (participate)eat an apple between three and five times a week, but all ailments(微恙，小疾)cannot be cured by diet alone.
While an apple a day will go a long way toward 8 (keep)the doctor away, most nutritionists recommend a varied diet. In addition 9 apples, fill your shopping cart with citrus fruits, tropical treats like mangos, and a variety of berries, which pack a nutritional punch. Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each day 10 (be)truly the best way to keep the doctor away.

【答案】
1．truths 2．to lower 3．reduced 4．which 5．Additionally
6．it 7．participants 8．keeping 9．to 10．is
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苹果对身体的一些益处，但是也指出光靠饮食并不能治愈所有疾病，每天吃几种不同种类的水果确实是远离医生的最好方法。
1．考查名词。句意：我们很多人都能回忆起童年时代的一句话，“一天一苹果，医生远离我”，这句话有一定道理。空处作宾语，表示“道理”应填名词truth，由some修饰应用复数。故填truths。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：苹果富含抗氧化剂类黄酮，研究表明类黄酮可以降低过早死亡的风险，尤其是心脏病。结合语境表示“被证明……”短语为be shown to do sth.，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to lower。
3．考查形容词。句意：这种受欢迎的水果还与降低患2型糖尿病甚至某些癌症的风险有关。修饰后文名词risk应用形容词reduced，作定语。故填reduced。
4．考查定语从句。句意：苹果还可以充当牙刷，清洁牙齿，杀死口腔中的细菌，这可能会降低蛀牙的风险。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5．考查副词。句意：此外，苹果价格低廉，唾手可得。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词additionally，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Additionally。
6．考查代词。句意：有了这些信息，很容易就能看出，是的，苹果有它的健康益处。此处为“it be adj. to do sth.”句型，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填it。
7．考查名词的数。句意：多项研究表明，参与者每周吃三到五次苹果对健康有益，但光靠饮食并不能治愈所有疾病。空处作主语，表示“参与者”应用名词participant，后文eat为动词原形，可知应用复数。故填participants。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然每天一个苹果可以让你远离医生，但大多数营养学家建议多样化的饮食。keep作介词toward的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填keeping。
9．考查介词。句意：除了苹果之外，在你的购物车里装满柑橘类水果，热带水果，如芒果，和各种浆果，这些都是富含营养的水果。结合句意表示“除了……之外”可知短语为in addition to。故填to。
10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天吃几种不同种类的水果确实是远离医生的最好方法。此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each day，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
Passage 13(2021·江西九江市·高三二模)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has developed a new high-speed bullet train for 1 (extreme) cold climates. The CR400AF-G train, which can operate at speeds of up to 350 kilometers per hour in temperatures as low as-40 degrees Celsius, is part of the Fuxing series of high-speed electric multiple-unit trains 2 (design) and operated by the state-owned China State Railway Group.
The train, rolled out in Beijing on January 6, will run on a new high-speed line 3 (connect) the Chinese capital with northeastern destinations including cities Shenyang and Harbin, the latter of 4 is famed for its annual snow and ice festival.
In a post on Chinese social media site WeChat, the China Railway. Beijing Group ran through several of the train’s improved components that aid its ability 5 (resist) cold temperatures.
China isn’t alone in having to adapt its bullet trains 6 extreme conditions. In 2020, Japan. 7 (launch) its latest record-breaking bullet train. It doesn’t only run 8 (fast) and meanwhile smoother, but can transport passengers to safety in the event of 9 earthquake.
According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into 10 (operate) since 2017, when the series first launched.

【答案】
1．extremely 2．designed 3．connecting
4．which 5．to resist 6．to 7．launched
8．faster 9．an 10．operation
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国研制的适用于极寒气候的新型高铁，该列车于1月6日在北京推出，将运行在一条新的高铁线上，连接中国首都和东北。在此之前的先例为2020年，日本推出的最新的破纪录高铁，它不仅跑得更快，同时也更平稳，还能在地震发生时把乘客运送到安全的地方。
1．考查副词。句意：中国研制出了一种适用于极寒气候的新型高速子弹头列车。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语修饰空后形容词“cold”。故填extremely。
2．考查非谓语。句意：CR400AF-G列车可以在最低40摄氏度的温度下以每小时350公里的速度运行，是国有的中国铁路集团设计和运营的复兴系列高速电动多单元列车的一部分。分析可知，句子谓语为“is”，所填动词应是与空后“operated”并列为非谓语做后置定语修饰名词短语“the Fuxing series of high-speed electric multiple-unit trains”，动词“design”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填designed。
3．考查非谓语。句意：该列车于1月6日在北京推出，将运行在一条新的高铁上，连接中国首都和东北的目的地，包括沈阳和哈尔滨，后者以每年的冰雪节而闻名。分析可知，句子谓语为“will run”，所填动词应是非谓语作后置定语修饰“a new high-speed line”，动词“connect”与其之间为主动关系，应是现在分词形式。故填connecting。
4．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该列车于1月6日在北京推出，将运行在一条新的高铁上，连接中国首都和东北的目的地，包括沈阳和哈尔滨，后者以每年的冰雪节而闻名。分析可知，“the latter of ____4____ is famed for its annual snow and ice festival”应是之前名词短语“Shenyang and Harbin”的非限制定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
5．考查动词不定式。句意：北京集团运行了列车的几个改进部件，帮助其抵御低温的能力。分析可知，“____5____ (resist) cold temperatures”应是之前名词“its ability”的后置定语，“one’s ability to do sth”，“某人做某事的能力”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to resist。
6．考查介词。句意：中国并不是唯一一个需要让高铁适应极端环境的国家。“adapt sth to sth”，固定短语，意为“使某事物适应某事”。故填to。
7．考查动词和时态。句意：2020年，日本推出了最新的破纪录高铁。分析可知，所填空为句子谓语，结合时间状语“In 2020”可知，应是一般过去时。故填launched。
8．考查副词比较级。句意：它不仅跑得更快，同时也更平稳，还能在地震发生时把乘客运送到安全的地方。分析可知，与空后“smoother”并列，此处应是副词“fast”的比较级，修饰动词“run”。故填faster。
9．考查不定冠词。句意：它不仅跑得更快，同时也更平稳，还能在地震发生时把乘客运送到安全的地方。分析可知，空后名词“earthquake”意为“地震”，为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词作限定词，且该名词发音为“/ˈɜːθkweɪk/”，元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
10．考查名词。句意：据中国铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运营。分析可知，空前“into”为介词，所填空应是名词作宾语。“operate”，动词，“操作”，其名词形式为“operation”，意为“运行”，“put sth into operation”，“实施；使……运转；启用”。故填operation。