专题12 语法填空-2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（原卷版）
展开专题12 语法填空
- （2021·浙江卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1． （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2． $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3． （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4． （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 5． （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6． （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 7． she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8． （plant）flowers in the front yard.
9． Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10． （sell）most of their furniture.
- （2021·全国甲卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 11． (build) originally to protect the city 12． the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 13． (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 14． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 15． (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 16． (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 17． did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 18． way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 19． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 20． (day) routines.
- （2021·全国乙卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 21． (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 22．(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 23．(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 24． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 25． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 26． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 27．(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 28．(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.29．(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 30．(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
- （2021·新高考I卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. 31．is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 32． (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 33．(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 34． (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 35．(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 36． (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 37．offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 38． (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 39．(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 40． must to visit!
- （2021·浙江卷·1月卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 41． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 42． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 43． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 44． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 45． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 46． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 47． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 48．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 49． (live) in the countryside, including 50． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
考点09 语法填空
Passage 1（2021·安徽高三三模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
You may remember back at the start of December, 1 China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 2 (success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in China’s space field, and also one of the most notable space 3 (activity) globally. Chang’e-5, 4 (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s 5 (large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth, 6 (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23-day mission was China’s first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 7 the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960’s and the second Soviet Union in the 1970’s.
The spacecraft 8 (enter) the Earth’s atmosphere at an altitude of around 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in China’s Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples 9 (examine) by scientists very soon.
The mission’s results will contribute 10 mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system.
Passage 2（2021·四川成都市·成都七中高三二模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Devote yourself to the work you do, not the prize you might get. Hao Jingfang, a Tsinghua Universit graduate, is pursuing her passion for writing and education.
In 2016, she won 1 Hugo Award with her short novel, Folding Beijing, which made her the first female writer in China to bring home this prize. Later on, the author 2 (turn) to education. She set up Tongxing Academy for public welfare education and WetPlanets 3 (develop) children’s creativity after school.
Since building her company, Hao has been carrying out voluntary teaching 4 (program) in rural areas. “We 5 (real) want these kids to have better education resources like kids from the cities,” she said. Besides, 6 (difference) from the typical Chinese parents so ambitious for their children, Hao suggests 7 (give) kids more space for trial and error. “Let the children handle the reality 8 decide for themselves. If they struggle with obstacles, you can offer them some guidance or encouragement,” Hao said. She also encourages all women to discover their passions. “We live 9 a big, big world with endless possibilities. Don’t be too afraid to try something new. When you find the one thing that you want to commit to, you 10 (become) fearless to follow your dream.”
Passage 3（2021·河南洛阳市·高二期中）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At a time when we are all experiencing an extraordinary level of stress, science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself, 1 （ start） by helping others.
As 2 matter of fact, our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of 3 （way）when we help others. Some research has focused 4 the “ helper’s high. " Studies show that volunteering, donating money, or even just thinking about donating money can release （释 放）feel-good brain chemicals.
5 （feel） responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings. Emily Greenfield, an associate 6 （ consult） of social work at Rutgers
University, studied a concept called “felt obligation （义务）,” which 7 （measure） by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need, even 8 it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out, the people who had higher levels of “felt obligation” — meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others — dealt 9 （ well） with their own life challenges than others.
She 10 （note） that caring for others helped us to regulate our own emotions and gain a sense of control.
Passage 4（2021·义县高级中学高二月考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High school years are a large part in 1 (shape) the person you are going to become. A school often 2 (provide)education for you, and it can also be a place 3 you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports. These years can make you become a high school student 4 (fill)with many different emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness, envy, loneliness, stress, and a numerous amount more. This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one’s peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, and etc. The list is 5 (end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful 6 effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior 7 (issue), and poor decision making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can 8 (see)positively in some situations. This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs, be honest, avoid alcohol, respect others, work hard, exercise, be kind, be responsible, and more. Friends and peer 9 (actual)affect the choices you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect 10 you.
Passage 5（2021·全国高三专题练习）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London. Its sound so well-known 1 it has often been used in films. The Clock tower was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May, with the Great Bell’s strikes 2 (hear) for the first time on 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009, during 3 celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most outstanding 4 (symbol) of both London and England.
The Clock Tower you see today is not the first tower to be built in Parliament’s ground. The 5 (origin) tower was built in 1288- 1290 during the reign of King Edward I. Unfortunately 6 big fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. Architects 7 (invite) to submit their designs and Sir Charles Barry’s was successful. Reconstruction of the Clock Tower began in September 1843. 8 was designed in the Victorian Gothic style.
With time passing by, the top of the clock tower is leaning one-and-a-half fee off a level position and 9 (get) worse each year now, partly as a result 10 decades of underground excavation.
Passage 6 （2021·黑龙江大庆市·大庆实验中学高二开学考试）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
When the Lebanese director NadineLebaki was doing research for her filmCapernaum (何以为家), she interviewed many children 1 (struggle) for survival in Beirut and asked them one question 2 the end of the conversations.
The question was, “ Are you happy to be alive?” Sadly, the 3 (true) is that most of the answers were in the negative. The children from poverty-stricken 4 (family) talked about their miserable situations 5 they were abused (辱骂) and badly treated.
The 2-hour film begins with a story about Zain, 6 12-year-old boy who asks the parents why heis brought to the world with flashback shots about his sufferings appearing constantly. He is indeed a strong and wise character, although 7 (physical) smaller than his real age.
Besides, most of the other actors found it easy for them 8 (act) because similar experiences even happened in 9 (they) real life. So far, the film which premiered (首映) at the film festival 10 (receive) a lot of praise.
Passage 7（2021·江西鹰潭市·高三一模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It is the world’s biggest winter festival. The 1 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this festival.
2 sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the 3 (beauty) lighting. It is bigger than 4 ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.
At first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it 5 (become) an international festival and 6 (compete). As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 7 (grow). The work going into making those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The lightning 8 (effect) on the huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially the festival 9 (hold) from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depends 10 the weather.
The Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
Passage 8（2021·辽宁丹东市·高三一模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Linqing City is connected to Beijing, over 400 kilometers away, through its tribute(贡品) bricks. Linqing tribute bricks, or Gong Bricks, were transported to the country’s capital through the Grand Canal for the 1 (construct) of historical buildings like the Forbidden City. Local people call the type of brick a legend 2 flows from the Grand Canal. This "legend" 3 (list) as an example of national cultural heritage on June 14, 2008.
Linqing sits at the confluence (交汇处) of the Weihe River and the Grand Canal, making transportation very 4 (convenience) .
During the Ming and Qing (1368-1912) dynasties, Linqing was a large important city 5 a population of over one million. Linging tribute bricks earned their reputation during the Ming Dynasty, when they were 6 (wide) used for imperial buildings. Apart from the transport links, the quality of the brick is one factor to make 7 famous.
The "Lianhua" soil in Linging is 8 ideal raw material for bricks. The city is located in the plain of the Yellow River. So when the Yellow River floods, there will always be a layer of fine sandy soil 9 (cover) the local soil. Over time, a layer of sandy soil and a layer of clay will form an overlapping structure, known as "Lianhua". Linging tribute bricks 10 (make) of this soil will not be out of shape easily.
Passage 9（2021·江西上饶市·高三二模））
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A concrete bookstore under 1 （construct）in Wisdom Bay innovation park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bookstore in China, and it is due to open to the public at the end of January, 2021.
"The bookstore was printed on-site in three weeks,” He Yuting, 2 is responsible for this project, from Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday. The printing work has finished and the bookstore will 3 （decorate）, He told the reporter.
4 （compare）with simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin, the bookstore is an innovative attempt in the architecture field, as the 3D-printed architecture is 5 （cheap）than conventional construction techniques and saves time, He said.
6 makes this bookstore so unique, is that “we used fiber concrete to resist compression,” He added, 7 （note）that the floor also has a heating system.
He mentioned the 3D-printed bookstore is as safe as traditional concrete construction based on their experimental data in 8 （term）of structure and earthquake resistance.
So far, different teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all 9 （have）similar research on 3D-printed concrete technology, 10 China’s research and achievements in this field are among the best in the world, according to He.
Passage 10（2021·辽宁抚顺市·高三一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Everywhere we look, we see advertisements that urge us to buy. Most people only buy what they need and what they can afford. However, there are some people, 1 (call) shopaholics, who can’t control their desire to spend money and buy things. This kind of addictive behavior can lead to large 2 (finance) problems, family conflict and deep 3 (happy).
Shopaholics often spend hours and hours shopping on the Internet or at the mall. Although their closets are full of clothing and jewelry that they have never worn and their homes may 4 (pack) with shopping bags and boxes that they bought but never used, many shopaholics 5 (simple) can’t resist the urge to buy. Some of them are ashamed of their weakness and try to hide it by storing their purchases in places like the attic, 6 others won’t see them.
There are several reasons for shopping addiction. For some people, it is a way of relieving stress. For 7 shopping is a way to fight loneliness or depression. Sometimes the problem develops out of boredom. Although shopping can temporarily make people 8 (feel) good, they often experience feelings of shame and guilt later. When shopping habits get out of control, people need professional help. They can either see a counselor (顾问) 9 join an organization, whose goal is 10 (help) people find ways to fulfill themselves that do not lead to serious debt and troubled lives.
Passage 11（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈九中高三二模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Galwan Valley conflict in June last year resulted in casualties (伤亡) on both sides. The 1 (responsible) lies entirely with the Indian side. Bearing in mind the overall interests of relations between the two countries and the two militaries, China has exercised a high degree of restriction to cool down and ease the situation, 2 shows its magnanimity (宽宏大量) and high sense of obligation as a major country.
3 , the Indian side has 4 (repeat) overstated this incident and twisted the truth to mislead the international public opinion. To date, the PLA Daily 5 (reveal) the truth on the matter and people will have a 6 (good) understanding of what really happened and who is right and who is wrong. It is the least we could do 7 (sing) well of these heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice defending the country’s border.
China’s position on solving the border issue with India is consistent and clear. We are always committed to properly 8 (resolve) disagreements through dialogue and maintaining peace and stability in the border areas. We hope that in 9 long run the two sides will make joint efforts to safeguard border peace and promote long-term healthy and stable development of two-sided relations. This is in line 10 the common interests of the two peoples.
Passage 12 （2021·辽宁朝阳市·高三一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away is a rhyme many of us can recall from our childhoods--and it may hold some 1 (true).
Apples are rich in antioxidants called flavonoids, which have been shown 2 (lower)the risk of a premature death, particularly from heart disease. The popular fruit has also been linked to a 3 (reduce)risk of type 2 diabetes and even some cancers.
Apples also act as a toothbrush, cleaning teeth and killing bacteria in the mouth, 4 may reduce the risk of tooth decay. They’re also low in calorie density, one of the trademarks of a healthy food. When a food is low in calorie density you can eat good size portions of the food for relatively few calories. 5 (addition), apples are affordable and readily available.
With all of this information, 6 is easy to see that, yes, an apple has its health benefits. But does eating an apple every day mean you’ll never get sick? Not likely. Various studies show health benefits when 7 (participate)eat an apple between three and five times a week, but all ailments(微恙，小疾)cannot be cured by diet alone.
While an apple a day will go a long way toward 8 (keep)the doctor away, most nutritionists recommend a varied diet. In addition 9 apples, fill your shopping cart with citrus fruits, tropical treats like mangos, and a variety of berries, which pack a nutritional punch. Eating several servings of a varied selection of fruits each day 10 (be)truly the best way to keep the doctor away.
Passage 13（2021·江西九江市·高三二模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has developed a new high-speed bullet train for 1 (extreme) cold climates. The CR400AF-G train, which can operate at speeds of up to 350 kilometers per hour in temperatures as low as-40 degrees Celsius, is part of the Fuxing series of high-speed electric multiple-unit trains 2 (design) and operated by the state-owned China State Railway Group.
The train, rolled out in Beijing on January 6, will run on a new high-speed line 3 (connect) the Chinese capital with northeastern destinations including cities Shenyang and Harbin, the latter of 4 is famed for its annual snow and ice festival.
In a post on Chinese social media site WeChat, the China Railway. Beijing Group ran through several of the train’s improved components that aid its ability 5 (resist) cold temperatures.
China isn’t alone in having to adapt its bullet trains 6 extreme conditions. In 2020, Japan. 7 (launch) its latest record-breaking bullet train. It doesn’t only run 8 (fast) and meanwhile smoother, but can transport passengers to safety in the event of 9 earthquake.
According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into 10 (operate) since 2017, when the series first launched.
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