(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题1 第2讲　非谓语动词 (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题1 第2讲　非谓语动词 (含答案)，共18页。学案主要包含了-ing的形式，核心考点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第2讲　非谓语动词
非谓语动词概述
1．什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用
一个句子中已存在一个主句(含谓语动词)，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。
eg.She got off the bus，but she left her handbag on the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)
She got off the bus，leaving her handbag on the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)
3．非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。

考点一　动词的-ing形式

Reading① is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming of becoming② a writer.Last month，she read a book describing③ love between a boss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whose gift is solving⑤ difficult problems in her dreams.Her colleagues often found her solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly.The book is very interesting⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving② difficult problems in her own dreams.
动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分
①作主语
②作宾语
③作后置定语
④作前置定语
⑤作表语
⑥作宾补
⑦作状语



一、-ing的形式
语态形式
时态形式
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done

二、核心考点
1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cellphone games is his favourite.
玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories.
跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students.
当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.
我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.
这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
注意：以下短语中to 都是介词
be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to (使)适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾

(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有：
mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)
The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.
小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。
Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin，because his neighbor can’t tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day，she promised to give Tom ten dollars a week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagines having lots of money and can’t resist taking her advice.
小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语
(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
My hobby is reading books.
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.
让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。
The news is surprising.
这则消息令人吃惊。
点对点练习1
单句语法填空
1．He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music，playing(play) mah-jong，swimming(swim) and reading(read)．
2．Mary’s being late(late) for class made her teacher angry.
3．It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter.
4．Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.
5．Spending(spend) money on himself or leading(lead) a comfortable life also means very little to him.
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done)
(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。
falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子
a swimming pool游泳池　a reading room阅览室(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能)
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。
the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩
the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.
走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
(2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient.
已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。
(3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again.
已经被告知很多次，这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补
现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice)
When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground.
当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。
I am sorry for keeping you waiting me for such a long time.
很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。
The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
点对点练习2
单句语法填空
1．I looked up and noticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
2．The matter being discussed(discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone’s attention.
3．Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China，reducing(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.

Dropped① on the ground，the cellphone’s screen was broken；though seen① in the distance，it still looked OK.Xiao Ming had to get it repaired②.However，to repair such a broken③ cellphone needed a lot of money.Xiao Ming was really worried④.
动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分
①作状语
②作宾补
③作定语
④作表语


1．过去分词作定语
当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。
the polluted water被污染的水
a broken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯
the bridge completed last month上周竣工的大桥　the flowers planted last year 去年种的花
2．过去分词作状语
其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Praised by the teacher，he looked very excited.
受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。
Seen from the top of the mountain，our city looks beautiful.
从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋done结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，notice等；(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等；(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如want，wish，like等。
I hear the song sung every time I pass by the coffee shop.
每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
She had to raise her voice to make herself heard.
她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The old man wanted his old watch repaired.
这个老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语
如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，往往人作主语。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened 等等。
I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news.
当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．However，in the arranged(arrange) marriages of the old days of China，there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
2．He was sleeping when he heard his name shouted(shout) from the outside.
3．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.
考点三　动词的不定式

Xiao Ming wants to play① cellphone games every day and his dream is to play② video games for three days and nights continuously.But he has so much homework to do③.In order to have④ a chance to play③ cellphone games，Xiao Ming decides to study① hard to get④a high score.He really hopes that his father will allow him to play⑤ cellphone games every day.To obtain⑥ such a chance is not easy.
动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分
①作宾语
②作表语
③作定语
④作状语
⑤作宾补
⑥作主语


一、不定式的形式
语态形式
时态形式
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done

二、核心考点
1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。
To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。
It’s rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.
背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
It’s necessary for us to help those in need.
我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语
(1)不定式可在intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，seem/appear(好像)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等后作宾语。
The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done.He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything.
老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。
He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words.
他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语
不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.
这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语
(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用to do 作定语。
John is always the first one to come up with a good idea.
约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。
Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.
学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。
(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。
I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here.
有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to do，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。
I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind.
我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知忘带帐篷了。
Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep.
每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。
I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.
我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
6．不定式作宾补
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.
我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。

点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The airport to be completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2．To stay(stay) warm at night，I would fill the wood stove，and then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
3．Some people try to knock me down，only to make(make) me more determined to do better.
4．The workers seem to have compromised(compromise) with the boss，because they are prepared to return to work.
难点释疑
1．非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
(误)Found him angry，I began to tell jokes.
(正)Finding him angry，I began to tell jokes.
发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。
(误)Looking around，there was no one nearby.
(正)Looking around，I found there was no one nearby.
环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
2．若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。
具体形式如下：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。如：
Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。
The test finished，we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。
(3)名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。
The two boys said goodbye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friend’s.
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为语法错误来处理。
①常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from，compared with/to...，given that...等。
Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。
②常见的这类不定式短语有to be frank，to be sure，to tell (you) the truth，to be honest，to make matters worse等。
To tell you the truth，it’s all Greek to me.
说实话，我对此一窍不通。
3．with复合结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
4．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：






5．非谓语动词作宾语补足语的辨析
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以see为例：

I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加上to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况

The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。

Don’t let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。

He had the fire burning all the night.
他让火燃烧了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。

She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行车骑得飞快。
I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
(3)动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作宾补的情况



④catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事

单句语法填空
1．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on-board Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案　to find
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2．When we got a call (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
答案　saying
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
3．He is thought (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(江西高考)
答案　to have acted
解析　be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。

1．分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
2．找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3．判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
(2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。

层级一　基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Sometimes we find her (drive) the tractor on the farm.
答案　driving
解析　此处考查find＋sb.＋宾补，宾语her 与drive 为主谓关系。所以用driving。
2．Li Lei is asking his deskmate (help) him think of a foreign name.
答案　to help
解析　此处考查to do 作宾补。ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事。 所以用to help。
3．—Hi，Li Hong！I didn’t see you at the party.
—Oh，I was busy (get) ready for the coming exams.
答案　getting
解析　此处考查固定搭配 be busy doing sth.，所以填getting。
4．The old men enjoy (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
答案　listening
解析　此处考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjoy之后跟doing作宾语，所以填listening。
5．The girl (stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
答案　standing
解析　此处考查非谓语作定语。the girl 和stand之间为主谓关系，所以填standing。
6．Books (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students.
答案　written
解析　此处考查非谓语动词作后置定语。books和write之间是被动关系，所以填written。
7．I found the door (close) when I got home.
答案　closed
解析　此处考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语the door 和close之间是被动关系，所以填closed。
8．When they met again，they were too excited (say) a word.
答案　to say
解析　此处为too＋adj.＋to do固定结构，其中to do 表示结果，所以填 to say。
9．I’m hungry.Get me something (eat)．
答案　to eat
解析　此处考查to do 作定语。
10．—How long did it take you (do) your homework yesterday?
—About half an hour.
答案　to do
解析　此处it为形式主语，结构为it takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.，所以此处填to do。
层级二　高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
答案　coming
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词the earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
2．They are easy (care) for and make great presents.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
答案　to care
解析　考查非谓语动词。这里考查“be＋形容词＋to do”结构。故填to care。
3．The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.
(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案　to find
解析　考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，故填to find。
4．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案　surrounding
解析　考查非谓语动词。在“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词，表示动作正在进行。surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
5．As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk) through a rainforest.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案　walking
解析　此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾补，imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。故填walking。
6．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology (change) lives.(2020·浙江)
答案　to change
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，简单句中已有动词gave，设空处需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语，修饰technology。故填to change。
7． (complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world.(2020·天津，5月)
答案　Completed
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Completed。
8．The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice environmental protection (promote) economic growth.(2020·天津，5月)
答案　to promote
解析　考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子可知，句中存在谓语doesn’t have to sacrifice，空处需使用非谓语动词且表示目的，因此使用动词不定式形式。
9． (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.(2019·天津)
答案　Learning
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语成分，故用动名词作主语，故填Learning。
10．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
答案　to perform
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故此处填to perform。
层级三　语篇提能练
语法填空
(改编自2020·全国Ⅰ)
China has become the first country 1. (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name 2. (inspire) by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.3. (land) on the moon’s far side is extremely 4. (challenge)．Because the moon’s body 5.
(block) direct radio communication with a probe，China first 6. (have) to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope 7. (use) the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 8. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance 9. (obtain) information about how the moon is constructed.” Data about the moon’s composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base 10. (be) practical.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。

1．答案　to land
解析　考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，用to do 作定语。
2．答案　was inspired
解析　考查谓语。根据题意，该探测器的名字是受了月神嫦娥的启发，表被动，而且命名是过去的事情。所以用 was inspired。
3．答案　Landing
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处在句中作主语，且位于句首，首字母大写，所以用Landing。
4．答案　challenging
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处应该是极具挑战性的，作表语，修饰物，所以用challenging。
5．答案　blocks
解析　考查谓语。because引导原因状语从句，从句中要有谓语，而且 the moon’s body 是单数，此处又为客观事实，所以谓动词要用单数形式blocks。
6．答案　had
解析　考查谓语。根据题意“中国发射嫦娥四号”是过去的事情，而且后面的从句也是使用的could send作谓语，故填had。
7．答案　to use
解析　考查非谓语动词。hope后跟不定式作宾语，所以用to use。
8．答案　to find
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据题意，研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备去发现和研究月球南极的艾肯盆地。此处表示目的，用to find。
9．答案　to obtain
解析　考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是chance，opportunity，way，ability等抽象名词时，其后常跟to do作定语，所以填to obtain。
10．答案　are
解析　考查谓语。 根据题意，此处在whether 引导的宾语从句中作谓语，且主语its plans 是复数形式，此处时态应为一般现在时，所以用are。

1．作主语或介宾用doing——简单错误不犯
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)制作爆米花不像他们预想的那么简单。
Making popcorn was not as easy as they had expected.
运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)伯纳德毫不犹豫地同意了这个主意。
Bernard agreed to the idea without thinking twice.
2．作状语用分词生动简练
(1)doing作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为主谓(主动)关系
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Lacking confidence，Bernard hesitated for quite a while before knocking at the first door.
由于缺乏自信，伯纳德犹豫了好一会儿才敲第一家的门。
运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)他们带着钱，有说有笑地回家了。
They went home with the money，talking and laughing.
(2)done作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为动宾(被动)关系
典例　(2020·7月浙江)被这只熊不停地用力推，篱笆很快散架了。
Pushed hard constantly by the bear，the fence soon fell apart.
运用　(2020·7月浙江)被飞机巨大的声音吓到了，这只熊停止了对我们的攻击。
Frightened by the loud noise of the helicopter，the bear stopped attacking us.
3．表目的，不定式适当提前
典例　(2016·浙江)为了被直升机发现，简用力挥舞着她的黄色衬衫。
To be discovered by the helicopter，Jane waved her yellow blouse with strength.
运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)为了吸引更多的顾客，伯纳德卖力地吆喝起他的爆米花。
To attract more customers，Bernard began to peddle his popcorn at the top of his voice.
4．having done比after 从句靓丽光鲜
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)失败了许多次之后，他们几乎要灰心了。但约翰叔叔来帮助他们了。
Having failed many times，they almost lost heart.But Uncle John came to their assistance.
运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)爆米花销售一空之后，他们决定收工回家。
Having sold out all the popcorn，they decided to call it a day and go home.