(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题2 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词 (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题2 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词 (含答案)，共17页。学案主要包含了可数名词，不可数名词等内容，欢迎下载使用。



考点一　名词
一、可数名词

Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several companies①.He works seven days① a week and 12 months② a year.In his spare time he likes watching football matches③.He likes eating tomatoes④ but he doesn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has two pet horses⑥ and he often rides them with his friends on Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery of the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1.可数名词变复数
①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。
②以-th结尾的名词加-s。
③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。
④以-o结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。
但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。
⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2.名词作定语
往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
多为单数名词作定语，但woman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。
3.名词的所有格
⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。
⑧无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。
⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。


1．不规则变化的名词复数
(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：
foot—feet脚　goose—geese鹅　tooth—teeth牙齿
mouse—mice老鼠　man—men男人
woman—women女人
(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：
sheep—sheep绵羊　deer—deer鹿
Chinese—Chinese中国人　Japanese—Japanese日本人
means—means方法　series—series系列
species—species物种
(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：
child—children 孩子　ox—oxen 公牛
(4)由man，woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：
gentleman—gentlemen先生　Englishman—Englishmen英国男子　
policeman—policemen男警察　chairwoman—chairwomen女主席　
businessman—businessmen商人　craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人
注意：German的复数形式为Germans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：
analysis—analyses分析　basis—bases基础　crisis—crises危机　thesis—theses论文　medium—media媒介物　phenomenon—phenomena现象
2．复合名词的单复数变化
(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。
birthday—birthdays生日　blackboard—blackboards黑板　bookshelf—bookshelves书架　gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：
book worm—book worms　son-in-law—sons-in-law　looker-on—lookers-on
passer-by—passers-by　story-teller—story-tellers
(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：
grown-up—grown-ups　standby—standbys
3．名词所有格的特殊形式
(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：
Kate and Mary’s room凯特和玛丽共有的房间
Kate’s and Mary’s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：
at the doctor’s (office)在(医生的)诊所里
at the barber’s (shop)在理发店
at Mr Green’s (house)在格林先生家
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The team who won the three world championships(championship) would always get this cup.
2．During the festival，which lasts three or four days，people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful activities(activity)．
3．The best solution might be to find the weaknesses(weakness) in the idea and to try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse for rejecting the whole idea.
4．Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by(passer-by)．
5．We usually expect Hollywood heroes(hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.
6．He goes to the barber’s(barber) to have his hair cut every month.
7．—Where did you two have your stomachs(stomach) examined?
—At the doctor’s.We were examined by two famous Germans(German)．
8．Since most students are in need of a nap，proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning’s(morning) hard work.
二、不可数名词

To learn more knowledge①，I have to do lots of homework① every day and have no time① to have fun② or do housework①.Last week we had an exam but I didn’t perform well.However，my teacher said that I had made great progress②.So this exam is not a failure③.On the contrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。
②fun，weather，progress，advice，information为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。
③抽象名词具体化：
•表示情感情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a comfort 等。
•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a good time，have a good knowledge/command of 等。


不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：
fun乐趣
homework作业
bread面包
wealth财富
progress进步
equipment设备
room空间
weather天气
work工作
music音乐
news新闻
meat肉
word消息
traffic交通
luck运气
housework家务
milk牛奶
advice建议
man人类
orange橙汁
knowledge知识
furniture家具
baggage/luggage行李
information信息

点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．Oh，John，what a pleasant surprise you gave us!
2．He gave us some advice(advice) on how to study English.
3．He felt that he needed more knowledge(knowledge) about import and export.

单句语法填空
1．Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
答案　celebration
解析　考查名词。句意为：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春天开始的庆典。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
2．Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案　accuracy
解析　考查名词。句意为：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词Historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
3．Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(2020·浙江)
答案　seasons
解析　考查名词复数。句意为：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
4．Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2019·浙江)
答案　connection/connections
解析　考查名词。句意为：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/ connections。

1．根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。
2．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。
3．注意固定短语中名词的单复数。
4．注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。
5．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。

考点二　数词

Mister Smith is 60① years old and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dozens of④ bottles of beer a day.However，he spent thousands of④ dollars in hospital.Later，two fifths⑤ of his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
①数词的基本形式为基数词。
②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。
③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。
“in one’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。
④具体数字＋dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million 等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of＋名词复数。
⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如1/3：one third，2/3：two thirds。


1．易错基数词
thirteen十三　fourteen十四　fifteen十五　eighteen十八　nineteen十九　twenty二十　thirty三十　forty四十　fifty五十　ninety九十
2．易错序数词
first第一　second第二　third第三　fourth第四　fifth第五　eighth第八　ninth第九　eleventh第十一　twelfth第十二
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．Peter got a model ship from his uncle on his thirteenth(thirteen) birthday.
2．Two thirds(three) of the students in our class have been to Disneyland somewhere.
3．Linda，there are too many mistakes in the ninth(nine) line of your passage.
4．He made quite a few friends during his twenties(twenty)．
5．It is reported that the earthquake has left thousands(thousand) of people homeless.

单句语法填空
1．The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
答案　the
解析　考查序数的具体使用。第一应该用序数词，用在句中其前要有定冠词the。
2．He did it one (three) the time it took me.(北京高考)
答案　third
解析　考查分数的表达。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s。此处分子为1，所以用序数词的单数形式，故填third。

1．需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。
2．使用序数词时，注意前面要有定冠词the。
3．注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thousands of等。


考点三　形容词和副词
一、形容词和副词的基本用法

I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④ in it.
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。
②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。
③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。
④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。

My mother is reading the novel attentively① now and she is quite① moved by it.Obviously②，she won’t return the book to me soon.
①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。
②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。


1．名词、动词变形容词

2．形容词变副词
形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：
(一般直接加)　clear→clearly清楚地　great→greatly很，大大地
(元e去e加)　true→truly真实地
(辅y变i加)　happy→happily高兴地　heavy→heavily沉重地
(-le尾e变y)　terrible→terribly可怕地　gentle→gently轻轻地
(-ll尾只加y)　full→fully完全地　dull→dully迟钝地
(-ic加ally)　basic→basically主要地　scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
3．-ed形容词修饰物的用法
-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)，expression(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
4．同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了-ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。
close靠近地　closely密切地，仔细地
hard努力地　hardly几乎不
late晚，迟　lately最近，不久前
most最，极其　mostly通常，主要地
wide指距离宽　widely广泛地
deep指具体深度　deeply深深地，非常，强烈地
high指具体高度　highly高度地，非常
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal(person) stories cheerfully.
2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)．
3．I’ll never forget the amazing(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.
4．He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry(hunger)．
5．I found life in the UK quite different(differ) from that in China.
6．The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7．Luckily(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
8．I am terribly(terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill.
①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-est；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加more或the most。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。


1．有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er结尾的词。
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well—better—best　bad/ill—worse—worst　many/much—more—most
little—less—least　old—older/elder—oldest/eldest
far—farther—farthest(指具体空间上)　far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。
easy—easier—easiest　happy—happier—happiest　early—earlier—earliest
5．“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The more(much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2．Road safety has aroused wider(wide) attention of the public than before.
3．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big) of all operas in China.
4．Mr Green isn’t as strict a teacher as Mr White.
5．I have never met a kinder(kind) teacher than Mrs Smith before.
6．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
7．This restaurant wasn’t half as good(good) as that one we went to.
8．When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is twice the size of that one.

单句语法填空
1．The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so the familiar near side.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案　than
解析　考查介词。根据空前的比较级more可知，此处是将the far side of the moon和the familiar near side进行比较。故填than。
2．One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work，so that he could choose the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案　finest
解析　考查最高级。结合句意及后文的choose the best可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填finest。
3．In the 18th and 19th centuries， (wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案　wealthy
解析　考查形容词。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
4．As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案　gently
解析　考查副词。此处修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
5．It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.(2019·北京)
答案　meaningful
解析　考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。

1．看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。
2．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
3．在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。
4．如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。
5．看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。

层级一　基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
答案　carrots
解析　考查名词的单复数。根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。
2．Then，handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve)．
答案　achievement
解析　考查词性转换。介词后接名词，a real sense of achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。
3．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?
—That’s a good (suggest)．
答案　suggestion
解析　考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处用提示词suggest 的名词形式，由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填suggestion。
4．Although he researches cloning，his (intend) has never been to create copies of humans.
答案　intention
解析　考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，intention n．目的，打算。因后面的谓语为单数形式，故此处应填名词的单数形式。
5．Coming to another country to study requires a big (adjust) and it takes a while to fit in.
答案　adjustment
解析　考查词性转换。requires 后面要跟名词作宾语，所以要填adjust的名词形式，再由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填adjustment。
6．In the early (fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.
答案　fifties
解析　考查基数词。表示“在五十年代早期”用“in the＋整十的基数词的复数”，故填fifties。
7．She is the (twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since their mother died.
答案　twelfth
解析　考查序数词。数词前面有the，应该用其序数词形式。故填twelfth。
8．The old man goes to the park every (three) day，jogging with his fellows.
答案　third
解析　考查序数词。“every＋序数词＋day/month/year”表示“每几天/月/年”。故填third。
9．But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for
(industry) use.
答案　industrial
解析　考查形容词。根据空前的介词for和空后的名词use可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词。注意industry变形容词时，要变y为i，再加-al。
10．Have you ever been (embarrass) because of forgetting something important?
答案　embarrassed
解析　考查形容词。根据语境可知，空处所填词修饰人，表示“窘迫的，尴尬的”，故应用-ed形式的形容词。
11．The the students learn about the university，the easier it will be for them to adapt to the environment.
答案　more
解析　考查比较级。本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，故填more。
12．The world’s population is increasing at a (surprise) rate and we are in danger of destruction.
答案　surprising
解析　考查形容词。此处表示“世界人口以惊人的速度增长”，修饰物，故此处要用-ing形式的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”。
13．Nowadays it’s the second (large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic，educational and cultural center.
答案　largest
解析　考查形容词的最高级。由空前的the second和空后的表示范围的in Bulgaria可知，空处应用最高级形式。
14．Indians start practicing yoga at a very young age，so their bodies are even (strong)．
答案　stronger
解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空前的修饰语even可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。
15．There isn’t much traffic on Sunday，so (hope) we’ll arrive in time for the concert.
答案　hopefully
解析　考查副词。空处在此修饰so后面的整个句子，应用副词形式。
层级二　高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．Filled with (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案　curiosity
解析　考查名词。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
2．The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.(2018·天津)
答案　possibility
解析　考查名词。句意为：宇宙的其他星球上存在着生命，这一可能性总是激励着科学家们去探索外太空。定冠词the后面应该为名词，故填possibility。
3．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
答案　causes
解析　考查名词的单复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时，是可数名词，前面有all，故用cause的复数形式。
4．My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
答案　scientist
解析　考查名词。由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。
5．Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江)
答案　dishes
解析　考查名词的单复数。此处指中国菜，为可数名词，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
6．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.(2018·浙江)
答案　weight
解析　考查名词。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems，weight problems意为“体重问题”。故填weight。
7．She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
答案　invitations
解析　考查名词的单复数。several修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填invitations。
8．Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
9．Data about the moon’s composition，such as how ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案　much
解析　考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
10．Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. (certain) during the holiday period，this plant is a must.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
答案　Certainly
解析　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，用副词certainly；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Certainly。
11．On our way to the house，it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
答案　so
解析　考查副词。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住想还要多久才能到达那里”。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
12．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20,000－25,000 polar bears worldwide.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
答案　poorly
解析　考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词，故填poorly。
13．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
答案　longer
解析　考查副词的比较级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。
14．He screams the (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
答案　loudest
解析　考查最高级。根据空前的the和空后的of all可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
15．Even (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
答案　worse
解析　考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
层级三　语篇提能练
语法填空
名词篇
(改编自2020·全国Ⅱ)
Decorating with Plants，Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2. (begin) of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special 3. (significant)．They represent the earth coming back to 4. (live) and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：
Oranges：Orange trees are more than 5. (decorate)；they are a symbol of good fortune and 6. (wealthy)．They make great gifts and you see them many 7. (time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period，this plant is 8. must.Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great 9. (present)．
10． (branch) of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。

1．答案　celebration
解析　考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebration。
2．答案　beginning
解析　考查名词。和前面的the end of winter并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。
3．答案　significance
解析　考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。
4．答案　life
解析　考查名词。作介词to的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。
5．答案　decoration
解析　考查名词。根据句意可知，应用名词形式，故填decoration。
6．答案　wealth
解析　考查名词。与good fortune共同作of的宾语，所以用名词形式，故填wealth。
7．答案　times
解析　考查名词的单复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many 之后，故填times。
8．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
9．答案　presents
解析　考查名词的单复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。
10．答案　Branches
解析　考查名词的单复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。

1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：
be important＝be of importance　be beneficial＝be of benefit　be valuable＝be of value　be helpful＝be of help　be useful＝be of use　be interesting＝be of interest
典例　(2017·北京，书面表达)这里是我关于这次旅游的一些建议，希望会对你有益。
Here are some suggestions about this trip，which I hope will be of benefit to you.
运用　(2018·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)首先，准时是非常重要的。
First of all，being punctual is of great importance.
2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：
angrily＝with anger　anxiously＝with anxiety　curiously＝with curiosity　comfortably＝in comfort　peacefully＝in peace　hurriedly＝in a hurry　joyfully＝with joy
典例　(2020·1月浙江)当Poppy看到小狗时，她欢快地叫了起来。
When Poppy saw the small puppy，she barked with joy.
运用　(2020·7月浙江)我们万分焦急地等待着救援的到来。
We waited for being rescued with great anxiety.
3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越有劲。
The more encouragement I heard，the more energetic I felt.
运用　(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)你知道，我们练习得越多，比赛时我们表现得就越好。
As you know，the more we practice for it，the better we will perform in the match.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)John认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。
John thought nothing was more meaningful than helping others earn a living by themselves.
运用　(2017·11月浙江)没有什么比去露营忘记带帐篷更糟的事了，没有比我妈妈更健忘的人了。
Nothing was more terrible than forgetting to take the tent when going camping and nobody was more forgetful than my mom.