(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．tutor n．(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师

2．cite vt.引用；引述

3．messenger n．送信人；信使

4．culture shock文化冲击

5．zone n．(有别于周围的)地区；地带；区域

6．setting n．环境；背景；(小说等的)情节背景

7．tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的

8．mature adj.成熟的

9．boom vi.& n．迅速发展；繁荣

10．perspective n．(思考问题的)角度；观点

11．envoy n．使者；使节；代表

12．outlook n．前景；可能性；观点

13．belt n．腰带；地带

14．initiative n．倡议；新方案

15．Rome罗马(意大利首都)；(史)罗马城；罗马帝国

16．the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的

2．recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起

3．firm n．公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的，坚硬的；牢固的；坚定的

4．insight n．洞察力；眼光

5．grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧

6．expense n．费用；花费；开销

7．deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝

8．gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加 n．好处；增加

9．angle n．角；角度；立场

10．sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地

11．budget n．预算

12．outcome n．结果；效果

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的；称职的

2．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的

3．adaptation n．适应；改编本→adapt vt.(使)适应；改编

4．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.令人舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的

5．participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者

6．presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→present vt.颁发；赠送；呈递 n．礼物 adj.现在的；出席的

7．engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；(使)参加；吸引；雇用→engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagement n．订婚；约定

8．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；投入的→involvement n．参与

9．edition n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次→edit vt.编辑；剪辑→editor n．编辑；编者

10．overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒

11．homesickness n．思乡病；乡愁→homesick adj.想家的；思乡的

12．motivated adj.积极的；主动的→motivation n．动力；积极性；动机→motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励

13．advisor n．(also -ser)顾问→advise vt.& vi.建议；劝告→advice n．建议；忠告

14．reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的→reasonably adv.有理地；合理地→reason n．原因；道理 vi.推理 vt.推断→unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的

15．expectation n．期望；预期；期待→expect vt.预料；期望

16．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请 vt.应用；适用；涂；敷→application n．申请；申请书→app n．应用程序

17．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)

18．departure n．离开；启程；出发→depart vi.& vt.离开；启程；出发

19．dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧(般)的→dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→drama n．戏剧；戏剧性事件

20．behave vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behaviour/behavior n．行为；举止

21．surroundings n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕

22．depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁→depression n．沮丧；抑郁

23．strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．体力；优点

24．optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n．乐观主义

25．competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj.有能力的；称职的

26．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→cooperation n．合作；协作

27．logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logically adv.逻辑上地→logic n．逻辑(学)；道理

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．participate in参加；参与

2．speak up大声点说；明确表态

3．feel at home舒服自在；不拘束

4．engage in(使)从事；参与

5．get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联

6．comfort zone舒适区；舒适范围

7．cost an arm and a leg(使)花一大笔钱

8．side with支持；站在……的一边

9．as far as I know据我所知

10．as far as I am concerned就我而言；依我看来

11．in summary总的来说；总之

12．generally speaking一般来说

1．independence n．独立

independent adj.独立的；有主见的

2．indicate vt.指示；表明

3．industry n．产业

4．influence n．& vt.影响

5．informal adj.非正式的

6．innocent adj.清白的；无辜的

7．insert vt.插入

8．inspect vt.检查；检验；审视

1．It was the first time that she had left China.(It was the first time that＋过去完成时)

这是她第一次离开中国。

2．I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.(疑问词＋不定式)

我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。

3．At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.(what引导的同位语从句)

刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。

4．Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.(状语从句的省略)

在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。

5．To sum up，one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages，so when you think about studying abroad，you should consider these many factors.(one cannot deny the fact that...某人不可否认……)

综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是：留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

I have studied for business qualification at Peking University for one year.I recall that faced with complex surroundings and dramatic changes，I suffered from tremendous pressure and homesickness，which made me 1.depressed in the beginning.But being an ambitious，optimistic and mature student，I managed to 2.motivate myself to step out of my comfort zone.I grasped every chance to speak up and offer logical presentations in class，enabling myself to become 3.competent.I engaged in the Literature Club to strengthen my literary outlook on life.I got involved in the Basketball Association so that I could learn to 4.cooperate with others.I participated in some other meaningful activities.There is no denying that all of them could make me see things from different angles and have more reasonable insights into daily affairs.As far as I’m concerned,5.exposed to the surrounding settings，I gradually felt at home.Just as the old saying goes，“No pains，no gains.” Now I can behave perfectly at university.Furthermore，because I was on a tight budget，I took up a position as a tutor to cover my daily expenses and tuition fees，which cost my family an arm and a leg.Now my ambition is to become an advisor for exchange students to broaden my global perspective.Among so many 6.applicants，I believe that I am qualified for the job because I have firm determination.Whatever the outcome is，I’ll side with the school’s decision.In summary，now I am confident in my expectation of setting my own firm in the future.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

comfort n．舒适；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰；抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的)

(1)My ambition is to live comfortably(comfort) in the suburbs of the city in the future.

(2)每当我感觉低落的时候，我妈妈总是用鼓舞人心的话语安慰我。

Whenever I feel down，my mother always comforts me with inspiring words.

(3)就我个人而言，在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真是一种安慰。

As far as I am concerned，drinking a cup of hot milk in cold nights is a real comfort.

(4)看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。(读后续写之动作链描写)

Seeing I was uncomfortable，my father rose to his feet，came up to me and gathered me into his arms to comfort me.

participate vi.参加；参与(participant n．参加者；参与者 participation n．参加；参与)

(1)For all the participants，the activity is a good opportunity and the participation in the activity will further strengthen your overall competence.(participate)

(2)那些想参加比赛的人应该在5月21日前交上相关材料。(应用文写作之通知)

Those who want to participate in the competition are supposed to present relevant materials before May 21.

(3)为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校于9月10日组织了一项活动——攀登泰山。(应用文写作之活动安排)

In order to increase participation in outdoor activities，our school organized an activity—climbing the Mountain Tai on September 10.

engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；聘请；从事(engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的；占线的；使用中的 engagement n．订婚；婚约；约会)

(1)Mary will be engaged to Tom，and their engagement(engage) attracts many people’s attention.

(2)No one can deny the fact that no one can engage children to do(do) any work.

(3)尽管你忙于你的学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。

Although (you are) engaged in your study，you should set aside some time to engage (yourself) in outdoor activities.

involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加(involved adj.参与的；卷入的 involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连)

(1)As far as I am concerned，the involvement(involve) of the foreign ministers was itself a sign of progress.

(2)得知你欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。

Learning that you welcome students from different countries，I’d like to involve myself in/be involved in the summer camp.(应用文写作之申请信)

expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)(exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露)

(1)Generally speaking，there is a direct link between exposure(expose) to sun and skin cancer.

(2)我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。

①I have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age，so I can communicate freely with others in English.

②Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age，I can communicate freely with others in English.(用having done作状语改写)

behave vt.表现 vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌 [behaviour n．(＝behavior)行为；举止；习性]

(1)What do you think of our advisor’s behavio(u)r(behave) at the meeting that day?

(2)强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。(应用文写作之传统习俗)

It is highly suggested that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well-behaved guest，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others.

　 It was the first time that she had left China.

这是她第一次离开中国。

(1)This is the second time that the teaching assistant has been blamed(blame) by our headmaster.

(2)这是双胞胎第一次为母亲做早餐，因此他们既激动又紧张。

(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

This was the first time that the twins had prepared a breakfast for their mother，so they were excited and nervous.

(3)到了政府应该采取措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。

①It is high time for the government to take effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction.(It is high time for...to do)

②It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction.(It is high time that...)

I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。

(1)由于他们流露出极强的兴趣，我开始教他们如何泡中国茶。

With their interest greatly sparked，I began to teach them how to make Chinese tea.

(2)如果你能给我们一些如何改进机器人的建议，我会感激不尽的。(应用文写作之征求建议)

I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.

(3)我真不知道是否该接受她的邀请。

I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.

(4)为何不参加讨论小组，以便你能找到志同道合的朋友呢？(应用文写作之建议信)

Why not join in discussion groups so that you can find friends with similar interests?

　Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.

在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。

(1)If I am accepted，I will introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which can help them know more about Chinese culture.(应用文写作之传统文化)

→If accepted，I will introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which can help them know more about Chinese culture.

(2)If it is possible，I am going to visit some homes of the old in the city.

→If possible，I am going to visit some homes of the old in the city.

(3)工作的时候，我意识到在烈日下在田间工作是多么地辛苦。(2019·北京，书面表达)

When working，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．firm

(1)He opened a law firm in the center of the city last month.  D 

(2)He is firm in his purposes，so he will achieve his goal.  C 

(3)Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.  B 

(4)The city walls are as firm as a rock.  A 

2．engage

(1)Only 10% of the students engaged in the qualification examination.  C 

(2)No one can deny the fact that this moving film engages both the mind and the eye.  E 

(3)His father engaged a tutor to motivate him to improve his maths.  A 

(4)In summary，I was so engaged in my study that I paid no attention to my mother’s feelings.  B 

(5)She was engaged to Peter，which was beyond our expectations.  D 

3．involve

(1)As far as I am concerned，the work of a teacher involves love and devotion.  C 

(2)If your work involves other people，you’d better think more from other people’s angle.  B 

(3)I grasp every chance to involve myself in afterclass activities.  A 

4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.地带

(2)Initially，we didn’t fully grasp the importance of what had happened.理解

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The brilliant student is longing to get this job to better qualify(qualification)himself and help others as well.(应用文写作之求职信)

2．I really want to obtain this precious opportunity and I am sure that I can live up to your expectations(expect)．(应用文写作之求职信)

3．I am writing to ask for your substantial assistance with my application(apply)and resume.(应用文写作之求助信)

4．I feel greatly honoured to give a presentation(present) about the MidAutumn-Festival，one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals.(话题写作之传统文化)

5．There is no denying(deny) that we should shift our unhealthy living habits such as going to bed late and taking irregular exercise.(话题写作之健康)

6．As an old saying goes，“No pains，no gains(gain)．” So we should always link our study to hard work.

7．Being exposed(expose) to foreign surroundings strengthens the mechanic’s general competence and his ability to cooperate with others.

8．The assistant walked to me with great depression(depress)，with the light in her eyes darkened.(读后续写之沮丧心理描写)

9．Whatever happens in our life，above all，we should be optimistic about life.

10. Thanks to your reasonable words，I was motivated(motivate) to stick to my dream.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

新闻报道——在敬老院做志愿劳动

1．上周六是我们在高中阶段第一次去附近的敬老院做志愿劳动。(It was the first time that...)

It was the first time that we had done voluntary work in a nearby nursing home in Senior High school last Saturday.

2．所有学生都完全知道该为老年人做些什么。(疑问词＋不定式)

All of the students were fully aware of what to do for the elderly.

3．一些学生忙着帮老年人做家务。(engage)

Helping the elderly do the housework was what some students were engaged in.

4．此外，当其他学生浇花草的时候，他们欣赏了自然之美。(状语从句的省略)

Besides，when watering the flowers and plants，the other students appreciated the beauty of nature.

5．不可否认，通过这次活动，我们学生不仅更好地了解了社会而且学会了如何帮助周围的人。(one cannot deny the fact that...)

One cannot deny the fact that through this activity，we students not only have a better understanding of the society but also learn how to help people around us.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰

overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒

depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的

optimistic adj.乐观的

sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地

feel at home舒服自在；不拘束

2．动作描写

grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧

gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加

participate vi.参加；参与

motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励

expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)

strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固

side with支持；站在……的一边

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。

暴露于完全陌生的环境中，我被一种孤独感淹没。我是如此沮丧，以至于我感觉好像自己被扔进了黑暗的世界。我整天愁眉不展。幸运的是，热心的同学真诚地激励我参加集体活动。逐渐地我不仅不拘束了，而且我也增强了我的信心。有我的同学支持我、安慰我，我变得越来越乐观。我脸上露出了快乐的微笑。

Exposed to the completely unfamiliar surroundings，I was overwhelmed by a sense of loneliness.So depressed was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.I had a slight frown on my face every day.Luckily，the warm-hearted classmates sincerely motivated me to participate in group activities.Gradually not only did I feel at home but also I strengthened my confidence.With my classmates siding with me and comforting me，I became more and more optimistic.A smile of happiness appeared on my face.