高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness习题

必修Book 1 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness

必备知识基础检测

一、词汇知识检测

I、写作词汇知其形[注意英译汉]

1.                 vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人

2.                 n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

3.                 n. 奖章；勋章

4.                 n. 伤害；损伤

5.                 vi. & vt. 假装；装扮

6.                 vi. 作弊；舞弊 vt. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段；骗子

7.                 adj. 苗条的；单薄的

8.                 n. 健康；健壮；适合

9.                 adv. 相当；有点儿

10.                 n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食

II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]

1.                 n. 运动员；运动健儿→                adj. 运动的；运动员的；体格健壮的；行动敏捷的

2.                 n. 冠军；优胜者→                 n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号

3.                 n. 力量；体力→                v. 加强；巩固→                adj. 强壮的

4.                 n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)→                v. 失败；不及格

5.                 n. 决心；决定→                v. (使)下决心；(使)做出决定→                 adj. 有决心的；坚定的；坚决的

6.                 vi. 竞争；对抗→                n. 竞争； 比赛→                n. 竞争者；对手→                adj. 有竞争力的；竞争的；竞争性的

7.                 num. 一百万→                n. 百万富翁；大富翁

8.                 n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→                adj. 压力重的；紧张的→                adj. 有压力的

9.                 n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美→                adj. 光荣的

10.                 adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→                adv. 乐观地；积极地；肯定地

11.                 vt. 使受伤；损害→                adj. 受伤的；有伤的→                n. 伤害；损伤

III、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]

1. soccer n.                　　　　　　　　　

2. stadium n.               

3. boxing n.                 

4. badminton n.               

5. marathon n.                  

6. event n.               

7. ski adj.                　vi.                 

8. track n.                　vt. & vi.               

9. gym n.                 

10. gymnastics n.               

11. sweat vt.                　vi.                　n.               

12. legend n.                 

13. master n.                　vt.               

14. apart adv.                 

15. captain n.               

16. graceful adj.                 

17. audience n.               

18. push­up n.                 

19. jog vi.                　n.               

20. error n.                 

21. glory n.               

IV、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]

1.                 锻炼；计算出；解决

2.                 获得成功；准时到达

3.                树立榜样

4.                 放弃；投降

5.                 即使；虽然

6.                破裂；破碎；崩溃

7.                丧失信心；泄气

8.                而不是

9.                有时；偶尔

10.                 跟随；到达；进步；赶快

11.                 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

12.                 与……比较

13.                 有作用或影响

V、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]

1. injure vt. 使受伤；损害

单句语法填空

①(2019·天津卷)A war                 (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.

②(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles                 (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.

句式升级

(普通表达)My left foot was seriously injured, so I can't go with you as planned.

③(高级表达)                                                ,I can't go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)

2. strength n. 力量；体力

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Write a poem about how courage, determination, and                 (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.

②To make members of the team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their                 (strong) and weaknesses.

③The new manager                 (strength) the side by bringing in several younger players recently.

④Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength                 (do) the most difficult thing in my life.

完成句子

加强意志力(willpower)的最好方法就是把它变成一种习惯。

⑤The best way                                          is to make it into a habit.

(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质， 还能培养一个人的品性。

⑥Practising Chinese kungfu can not only                                         ,but also develop one's character.

3. compete vi. 竞争；对抗

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete                 people's spare time and money with other amusements.

②Life is like a long race where we compete                 others to go beyond ourselves.

③There is now intense                (compete) between schools to attract students.

④(北京卷)I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my                 (compete).

⑤Nobody can entirely keep away from this                 (compete) world.

完成句子

(天津卷)我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。

⑥We can                                          debate contests or speech contests.

4. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮

单句语法填空

①(浙江卷)He would ask who we were and pretend not                 (know) us.

②(2019·天津卷)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend                 (read).

③When her mother came in, she pretended                 (fall) asleep.

④(浙江卷)I had been lying to myself,                 (pretend) that everything was fine.

一句多译

我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很难过。

⑤She                                          when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句)

⑥She                                          when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)

5. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安

单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress                 the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.

②(全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel                (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.

③(江苏卷)It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and                (stress) society.

④(牛津词典)Things can easily go wrong when people are                 stress.

一句多译

老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。

⑤Teachers often                                          diligence in the approach to success. (stress v. )

⑥Teachers often                                          diligence in the approach to success. (stress n. )

6. determination n. 决心；决定

单句语法填空

①(2020·江苏卷)He proved that it's not what happens to us that                 (determine) our lives — it's what we make of what happens.

②(2019·天津卷)Driven by heaven­knows­what motives, he determines                 (write) a book.

③Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the                 (determine) to push further and keep on going.

④(2018·天津卷)She was a brave and                (determine) girl with rich imagination.

⑤(江苏卷)                (determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

句式升级

(普通表达)(天津卷)I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.

⑥(高级表达)I                                          to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.

⑦(高级表达)                                         in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语)

7. make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

单句语法填空

①(2018·浙江卷)His strange habit                 (make) sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.

②There is no sense in                 (complain). We should take action now.

③                no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.

词汇升级

(普通表达) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.

④(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly                                          them at all.

8. make a difference有作用或影响

单句语法填空

①(北京卷)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a                 (differ) in the world.

②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference                 them.

词汇升级

(普通表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviours will work.

③(高级表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviours will                                         .

9. compare ... with/to ... 与……比较

单句语法填空

①                (compare) with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.

②Comparing Chinese cultures                 overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it.

一句多译

比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。

③                                         the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句)

④                                         the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice.(分词作状语)

VI、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]

1. rather than 连接两个并列成分

单句语法填空

①(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems rather than                 (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.

②Rather than                 (discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer                 (focus) on the impact of the heavy snow.

③Mary, rather than you,                 (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.

完成句子

我在星期五晚上很晚见到了他，更确切地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。

④I met him very late on Friday night,                                         ,early Saturday morning.

除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？

⑤Does anybody                                          know this?

2. who引导的定语从句

我们都尊敬这位为世界做出了巨大贡献的著名科学家。

We all respect the famous scientist                                         .

3. by＋doing

通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病，我们中国人民最终战胜了它。

                                        ,our Chinese people finally defeated it.

二、语法知识检测

Ⅰ.用恰当的附加疑问句填空

1．The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing,               

2．Let's ask him his opinion about it,               

3．Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college,               

4．You have a new bike,               

5．She doesn't have any money in her pocket,               

6．Let us go out for a rest,               

7．Tom dislikes the book,               

8．Everyone enjoyed the party,               

Ⅱ.用恰当的附加疑问句补全下面的对话

Tom: There is a table tennis game in the stadium this afternoon,               

Mike: Yes. It will be an exciting game,               

Tom: I hear that the champion last year will compete against a player from our school. That will be really interesting,               

Mike: Yes. Let's go to see the game,               

Tom: Great idea. When shall we meet?

Mike: I'd like to meet you at the school gate at two in the afternoon. You can come by bike,               

Tom: No. My bike has to be repaired, so I have to go there by bus. Why don't we meet in front of the stadium?

Mike: That's settled.

三、语篇知识检测

假定你是李华，因为常吃零食并且整日坐着变得很胖。为了变得苗条健康，你开始改变饮食习惯并锻炼。现在你变得健康并快乐。请写一篇文章介绍你的变化经历。

注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局

第二步：核心词汇　想周全

1．熬夜                

2．变得健康                

3．富含脂肪                

4．去慢跑                

第三步：由词及句　雏形现

1．我过去经常吃零食和熬夜，所以我很胖，经常感到累。

2．为了变得健康和苗条，我决定改变。

3．我尽量在午餐和晚餐时吃更健康的食物，避免吃那些富含脂肪的食物。(定语从句)

4．我每天按时起床，慢跑30分钟。(主谓)

5．我也变得更快乐，自我感觉更好。(主系表)

6．这让我更有信心结交新朋友，尝试新事物。

第四步：扩展升级　造亮点

1．在句4前加介词短语“而不是在周末睡懒觉”。

2．在句5前加原因状语从句“因此我变得更健康”。

第五步：合理过渡　完美卷面

利用适当的过渡衔接词语如firstly, what's more等连句成文