山东省潍坊市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-01完形填空

山东省潍坊市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

01完形填空

一、完形填空

（2022·山东潍坊）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are ___1___ human beings depend on for a living.

All natural waste is ___2___. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their ___3___. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them ___4___. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants ___5___ water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves ___6___ moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of ___7___. In this way, the water goes ___8___ to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again.

However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life ___9___, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or ____10____ to recycle. Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late.

1．A．how B．what C．which D．where

2．A．avoided B．allowed C．reduced D．recycled

3．A．food B．hobby C．method D．support

4．A．grow B．continue C．progress D．increase

5．A．put away B．give off C．take up D．hold on

6．A．like B．with C．in D．as

7．A．wind B．rain C．storm D．shower

8．A．forward B．about C．back D．away

9．A．slower B．easier C．heavier D．cheaper

10．A．helpful B．valuable C．impossible D．unnecessary

（2021·山东潍坊）

Space suits don’t just make astronauts look cool. Without these ___11___ suits, astronauts wouldn’t be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn’t be able to ___12___ on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.

Space is a ___13___ place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation(辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us ___14___. Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold ___15___ other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they ___16___ outside their spaceship without their suits. With a space suit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.

Space suits keep astronauts ___17___ sealed(密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 ___18___ astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast-moving space dust. ___19___ the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas(睡衣) with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to ___20___ astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!

11．A．private B．special C．plastic D．expensive

12．A．run B．walk C．live D．surf

13．A．funny B．natural C．beautiful D．dangerous

14．A．sick B．bored C．strong D．relaxed

15．A．after B．since C．before D．while

16．A．rushed B．jumped C．stepped D．escaped

17．A．safely B．quickly C．quietly D．terribly

18．A．who B．this C．that D．whether

19．A．Above B．Under C．Behind D．Between

20．A．wash away B．warm up C．cool off D．clean out

（2020·山东潍坊）A group called New Story is working with a company called Icon to quickly build lots of houses for poor people in Tabasco, Mexico. The way they are building the houses is ___21___-by 3D-printing technology.

New Story is a group ___22___ works to bring cheap but good houses to people who can't ___23___ them. The group has built over 2,700 houses in places ___24___ Bolivia, EI Salvador, Haiti and Mexico. In the past, New Story built ___25___ houses in a normal way. But it ___26___ a long time. That's ___27___ New Story began to work with Icon. Icon has developed a way to build houses ___28___ by 3D-printing them with concrete(混凝土). Some areas where New Story wants to build houses suffer from earthquakes, ___29___ Icon's houses have been designed to hold up in earthquake conditions.

The houses in Tabasco have two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. Because the houses are created with a computer design, it's easy to ____30____ the design to suit the needs of different families. They are expected to live in later this year.

21．A．common B．expensive C．unusual D．strong

22．A．these B．those C．this D．that

23．A．clean B．repair C．afford D．borrow

24．A．by B．with C．like D．between

25．A．its B．his C．her D．my

26．A．had B．took C．cost D．spent

27．A．why B．how C．what D．when

28．A．possibly B．quickly C．carefully D．suddenly

29．A．for B．so C．or D．as

30．A．share B．print C．change D．produce

参考答案：

1．B    2．D    3．A    4．A    5．A    6．D    7．B    8．C    9．B    10．C

【导语】本文主要讲述了大自然中产生的废物可以再次利用，但是科技和工业产生的废物很难再次利用，这就需要人类来处理这种污染问题。

1．句意：这些都是人类赖以生存的东西。how怎样；what什么；which哪一个；where哪里。此空作动词短语depend on的宾语，应填what，故选B。

2．句意：所有的自然废物都可以回收利用。avoided避免；allowed允许；reduced减少；recycled回收。根据“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures”可知，自然的废物都可以回收利用，故选D。

3．句意：这是它们的食物。food食物；hobby爱好；method方法；support支持。根据“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil”可知，动物的排泄物和尸体是小生物的食物，故选A。

4．句意：人类和动物呼出的二氧化碳被植物用来呼吸并帮助它们生长。grow成长；continue继续；progress进步；increase增长。根据“plants to breathe and help them ”可知，植物吸收二氧化碳然后生长，故选A。

5．句意：植物通过根吸收水分。put away收好，储存；give off 发出；take up占有；hold on继续。根据“water through their roots”可知，通过根部吸收水分，故选A。

6．句意：它们通过树叶把水分散发出去。like像；with带有；in在……里；as作为。根据“They pass it out through their leaves…moisture”可知，被当成水分从叶子上散发出去，故选D。

7．句意：较大的水滴以雨的形式落下。wind风；rain雨；storm暴雨；shower淋浴。根据“Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of”可知，较大的水滴形成了雨，故选B。

8．句意：通过这种方式，水会回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用。forward向前；about关于；back向后；away离开。根据“the water goes… to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again”可知，水回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用，故选C。

9．句意：科技和工业让生活变得更容易，但它们也产生了很多新的废物。slower更慢的；easier更容易；heavier更重；cheaper更便宜。根据“The technology and industry have made life”可知，科技让生活变得更容易，故选B。

10．句意：大自然发现这种新的废物很难或不可能回收利用。helpful有帮助的；valuable有价值的；impossible不可能的；unnecessary不必要的。根据“Nature finds this new waste hard”可知，发现很难或不可能再次利用，故选C。

11．B    12．B    13．D    14．A    15．D    16．C    17．A    18．C    19．B    20．C

【分析】本文主要介绍了宇航服对宇航员的作用以及它的构造。

11．句意：没有这些特殊的宇航服，宇航员就不能离开他们的宇宙飞船。private私人的；special特别的；plastic塑料的；expensive昂贵的。根据“astronauts wouldn’t be able to leave their spaceship”可知，这些特别的宇航服能让宇航员成功地离开飞船，故选B。

12．句意：也就是说，他们不能在月球上行走，也不能在国际空间站之外工作。run跑步；walk行走；live居住；surf冲浪。根据“they wouldn’t be able to … on the Moon”及常识，可知，此处是指宇航员在月球上行走，故选B。

13．句意：太空对人类来说是一个危险的地方。funny搞笑的；natural自然的；beautiful漂亮的；dangerous危险的。根据“Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation”可知，太空是危险的地方，故选D。

14．句意：能量可以通过我们的身体，使我们生病。sick病态的；bored无聊的；strong强壮的；relaxed放松的。根据“Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation”可知，这些辐射能让人们生病，故选A。

15．句意：第三，太空的一些部分很冷，而其他部分很热。after在……之后；since自从；before在……之前；while然而。根据“some parts of space are really cold”及“other parts are very hot”可知，这是将两部分进行对比，一些部分很冷，而其他部分很热，故选D。

16．句意：因此，如果宇航员不穿宇航服走出飞船，他们可能会在几秒钟内死亡。rushed冲出；jumped跳跃；stepped行走；excaped逃跑。根据“they …outside their spaceship without their suits.”可知，不穿宇航服就在飞船外行走会有生命危险，故选C。

17．句意：太空服将宇航员安全地密封在里面。safely安全地；quickly快速地；quietly安静地；terribly糟糕地。根据“let astronauts breathe normally”可知，这种衣服会让他们安全地待在里面，故选A。

18．句意：与此同时，宇航员呼出的二氧化碳也被吸走了。who谁；this这个；that引导定语从句；whether是否。此处是定语从句，先行词CO2指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句，故选C。

19．句意：宇航服下面还有一套看起来像紧身睡衣的宇航服，里面有小管子。above在……之上；under在……之下；behind在……之后；between在……之间。根据常识，宇航服有很多层，在下面的一层是看起来像睡衣一样的宇航服，故选B。

20．句意：水通过这些管道给宇航员降温，因为穿宇航服会让宇航员很热。wash away冲走；warm up热身；cool off冷却；clean out清除。根据“because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot”可知，这个可以让宇航员降温，故选C。

21．C    22．D    23．C    24．C    25．A    26．B    27．A    28．C    29．B    30．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍New Story团队和ICON见智科技公司用3D打印技术帮助穷人建造房子。

21．句意：他们建造房子的方式很不寻常，是通过3D打印技术。

common普通的；expensive昂贵的；unusual不寻常的；strong强壮的。根据“3D-printing technology”可知3D打印技术建造房子不寻常，用形容词unusual。故选C。

22．句意：新故事是一个团队，给那些付不起钱的人带来便宜又好的房子。

these这些；those那些；this这个；that那个。a group后面是定语从句，先行词是group，定语从句缺主语，用关系代词that。 故选D。

23．句意：新故事是一个团队，给那些付不起钱的人带来便宜又好的房子。

clean清理；repair修理；afford支付得起；borrow借。根据“bring cheap but good houses to people”可知此处表达的是付不起钱用couldn’t afford。故选C。

24．句意：这个团队在像玻利维亚、萨尔瓦多、海地和墨西哥这样的地方建造了超过2700栋房子。

by通过；with和；like像；between在二者之间。根据“Bolivia, EI Salvador, Haiti and Mexico”可知是在举例子，用like。故答案为C。

25．句意:在过去，新故事用正常的方式建造它的房子。

its它的；his他的；her她的；my我的。根据“New Story”可知此处用its表示“它的”。故选A。

26．句意：但是要花很长时间。

had有；took拿走，做某事花某人多长时间；cost某人花费钱；spent某人花费时间或金钱在某物上或做某事。主语是it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词“建造房子”，谓语动词用took。故选B。

27．句意:那是为什么新故事开始用Icon来工作。

why 为什么；how怎样；what什么；when什么时间。前面解释了原因，此处用why来说明“那就是为什么……的原因”。故选A。

28．句意：Icon发展了一种方法用3D打印和混凝土来建房子。

possibly可能；quickly迅速地；carefully小心地；suddenly突然。根据“by3D-printing them with concrete”可知此处用副词carefully表示细心地。故选C。

29．句意：新故事建造房子的一些地区受到地震的侵袭，因此Icon的房子被设计出来能承受住地震。

for为了；so因此；or否则；as因为。前面讲述的是原因，此处用连词so表示“因此”。故选B。

30．句意：因为这些房子用电脑进行创作，很容易改变设计来满足不同家庭的需要。

share分享；print打印；change改变；produce生产。根据“suit the needs of different families”可知此处用动词change表示根据需要对设计进行改变。故选C。