中考英语专项复习专题三：冠词
展开中考英语专项复习专题三：冠词
1.不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法
用法 | 示例 |
在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 | This is a book. |
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类 | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
泛指某人或某物 | A young man is waiting for you. |
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等 | There’ll be a strong wind in South China. |
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 | a knife and fork |
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一” | The cake is delicious and I would like a second one. |
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思 | five lessons a week |
2.不定冠词a,an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 | a teacher,a good student |
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前 | an apple tree,an interesting story |
注意:①判断一个名词前用a还是用an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。
②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。
③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ʌ/音时,单词前用an,如an umbrella,an unhappy boy;当“u”发/juː/音时,单词前用a,如a university,a useful book。
3.含有a的常见固定词组
a few/little/bit一点儿;have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息;have a cold感冒;have a good time玩得高兴;in a hurry匆忙;for a while一会儿;keep a diary记日记;do sb a favor帮助某人
4.当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词a或an的位置应注意:
(1)当名词被such,half,what,many等修饰时,不定冠词要放在这些词之后。
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了关门。
It took me half an hour to write the letter.写那封信花了我半个小时。
What an interesting book it is!这是一本多么有趣的书啊!
Many a man has gone to big cities for work.许多人都到大城市去打工了。
(2)当单数名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是这么好的一个女孩,她把那位盲人带到了车站。
How nice a film this is!这是一部多么好的电影啊!
(3)当名词前面有形容词和quite或very时,不定冠词置于quite之后,very之前。
quite a good book一本十分好的书
a very interesting story一个非常有趣的故事
2定冠词基本用法
1.定冠词(the)的基本用法
用法 | 示例 |
用于双方都知道的人或事物前 | Give me the book,please. |
用于特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物前 | Do you know the girl in red? |
表示世界上独一无二的事物 | The moon moves around the earth. |
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 | The first lesson is very easy.He is the younger of the two boys. |
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 | The Greens are watching TV now. |
用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 | The orange is orange. |
与某些形容词连用表一类人 | We should help the old. |
用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前 | the Great Wall,the Summer Palace |
用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前 | I like playing the piano. |
记忆口诀:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独无二,序数最高级,普通专有名,习语及乐器。
2.用于某些固定短语中
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;
in the daytime在白天;
in the end最后;
all the time一直;
at the same time同时;
by the way顺便说一下;
in the open air在户外;
at the age of在……岁时;
at the beginning of在……开始时;
on the other side of在……的另一边;
in the middle of在……中间;
at the moment现在
3.定冠词和不定冠词易混点
(1)序数词前用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“the+序数词”表示“第几……”;“a+序数词(first除外)”表示“又一,再一”。
The apple is delicious,and I would like a second one.苹果很好吃,我想再吃一个。
(2)a number of,the number of
a number of的意思是“一些”;the number of的意思是“……的数目,……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.一些学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
The number of the students in our school is about 1,500.我们学校学生数目大约是1,500。
3零冠词
1.下列情况用零冠词
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时 | Animals can’t live without water. |
某些专有名词,如人名、地名、国家名等前 | China is a great country.Mary lives in New York. |
名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等时 | Every student likes English in our class. |
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 | This is Professor Li. |
在三餐、球类运动及名词之前 | I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays football after school. |
在由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词之前 | Nanjing RoadHainan Island |
在与by连用的交通工具名词前 | by car by train |
在公共假日、节日名称前 | New Year’s Day Women’s Day |
2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中,用零冠词
day by day一天天;
face to face面对面;
side by side肩并肩;
hand in hand手拉手;
from beginning to end从头到尾;
day and night日日夜夜;
sooner or later迟早;
husband and wife夫妻;
at home 在家;
by mistake 错误地;
learn by heart 背诵;
in sight看见;
at first起初;
at last最后;
at once 立刻;
by way of经由;
at noon 在中午;
on time准时;
on foot 步行;
on business出差;
on holiday 在度假;
in class 在课上;
on show展览;
go home回家;
for example 例如;
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
3.有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
(1) go to school 去上学（是学生）
go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）
(2) at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
(3) at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里面
(4) in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里
(5) in front of （……外部的）前面
in the front of （……内部的）前面
(6) by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
(7) in prison 在坐牢
in the prison 在监狱里面（不一是犯人）
(8) by day 在白天
by the day 按天计算
