2023版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit4NaturalDisasters教师用书新人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural DisastersⅠ. 词块记单词1. the rescue workers 救援人员2. damage the buildings 损坏建筑物3. 2，400 homes destroyed 2，400所房屋被毁4. no deaths, no injuries 没有人员伤亡5. shelters set up by the government 政府搭建的避难所6. useless pieces of metal 无用的金属块7. bury the dead 掩埋死者8. the tireless efforts of the city's people 全市人民的不懈努力9. the wisdom to stay positive 保持乐观的智慧10. provide the supplies 提供物资11. stay calm 保持冷静12. crash into coastlines 袭击海岸线13. huge waves 巨大的海浪14. strike a match 划火柴15. deliver food and supplies  运送食物和物资Ⅱ. 语境记单词1. He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked look on his face. (shock)2. You must learn to breathe regularly. Otherwise, you will feel out of breath after such a long run. (breath)3. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors. (survive)4. After he came to power, everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter. (power)5. The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers decide to lengthen it. (long)Ⅲ. 语境记短语1. Her life has not come to an end (结束), and she also doesn't know what is waiting for her ahead.2. Although it was Sunday yesterday, Lily got up early as usual (和往常一样)．3. Always have your dictionary on hand (在手头) when you study because it is very convenient for you to refer to it.4. We haven't cleaned the house for a few days, because we don't want to sweep away (彻底消除) good luck.5. It was reported that an American couple had dug out (挖出) a lot of gold coins from their own yard.6. The city lay in ruins (成为废墟) after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.7. Suddenly, a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Seeing this, I was in shock (震惊)．Ⅳ. 公式练句型1. 这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这块沉重的石头。(too ... to ...)The little boy is too young to raise the heavy stone.2. 他好像已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。(as if)It seemed as if he had known about what happened just now.3. 她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。(be doing ... when ...)She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.4. 众所周知，山里的空气呼吸起来很舒服。(be＋adj.＋to do)As we all know, the air is comfortable to breathe in the mountainous areas.5. 它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)They not only make it difficult for people to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest. 1. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动[素养佳句]With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people's life in all respects.随着社会的发展，网络投票已经变得越来越流行，逐渐在各方面影响人们的生活。(1)be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动be affected with high fever发高烧(2)effect n. 作用；影响；效果；结果have an effect/influence on对……产生影响(3)affection n. [U]喜爱；钟爱；慈爱 have an affection for 喜欢；喜爱——单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.②Affected (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.③I feel much affection (affect) for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. ④(2022·浙江卷1月)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was affected．(affect)——句式升级Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.⑤Deeply affected by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)2. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏[素养佳句]Some bad factors are ruining the future of film industry, so great efforts should be made to attract more audience.一些不好的因素正在破坏着电影产业的未来，因此电影产业应该做出巨大努力来吸引更多观众。(1)(lie/be) in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪be reduced to ruins  沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途——单句语法填空①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.——句式升级He made a mistake, which ruined his chance of going abroad.③He made a mistake, ruining his chance of going abroad. (动词­ing形式短语作状语)ruin, damage, destroy的用法区别：(1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用于下面的短语中：in ruins“严重受损，破败不堪”；(2)damage表示不一定全部毁坏，且损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用于do/cause damage to“对……造成损害”；(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction。3. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬[素养佳句]Though buried in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.虽然这些天我埋头读书，但我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部以提高自己。(1)be buried in/bury oneself in埋头于；专心于be buried in thought沉思(2)bury one's face in one's hands  双手掩面——单句语法填空①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left.②Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.③She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.——句式升级He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.④He sat at a wooden table, buried in reading. (过去分词短语作状语)⑤He sat at a wooden table, burying himself in reading. (动词­ing形式短语作状语)4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦[素养佳句]Though having suffered a lot in Zhazi Cave, Jiang Zhujun would rather die than give in.虽然江竹筠(江姐)在渣滓洞集中营遭受了非人的折磨，但仍然宁死不屈。(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from 遭受；患病(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦难；折磨；让人痛苦的事sufferer n. 患难者；患病者——单句语法填空①(2020·江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.②It is hard to imagine the pain and sufferings (suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.——句式升级John has suffered from lung cancer for many years. He has decided to give up smoking.③Having suffered from lung cancer for many years, John has decided to give up smoking. (动词­ing形式短语作状语)(1)suffer用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语。(2)suffer用作不及物动词，其后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。5. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给[素养佳句]Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的其他学生建立友谊。(1)supply sth. to sb.＝supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物(2)be in short supply 短缺a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应——单句语法填空①The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country.②What happens when food and gasoline supplies (supply) run low?——一句多译我们学校网站每天为我们提供大量的信息。③Our school website supplies much information to us every day. (supply ... to ...)④Our school website supplies us with much information every day. (supply ... with ...)【联想发散】 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：①provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.②offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.6. survive vi.  生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过[素养佳句]To help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. 为了帮助它们生存，我们需要保护它们的栖息地。(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来(2)survivor n. 幸存者survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物——单句语法填空①After the plane crash, what the survivors (survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.②If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)．——句式升级After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.③Having survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (动词­ing形式短语作状语)survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。7. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力[素养佳句]Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them.人类社会有能力解决他们面临的问题。(1)be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态)come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)in/within one's power 在某人的能力/权力范围之内out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力do all/everything in one's power 尽力而为；竭尽全力have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事(2)powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的——单句语法填空①Unfortunately，it's beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.②After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people's life.③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Jennifer is a first­generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful (power)．④Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.——词汇升级(2019·全国Ⅰ卷写作)I'll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job.⑤I'll do all/everything in my power to perform well in the volunteer job.【联想发散】 表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：①make every effort to do sth. ②spare no effort to do sth.8. strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；敲；(使)突然想起 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击[素养佳句]All the international students were deeply struck by my introduction.所有的国际学生都被我的介绍深深地迷住了。(1)be struck by ... 被……打动/迷住了It strikes/occurs to/hits sb. that/... 某人想到……strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 strike sb. in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人某部位(2)be/go on strike 在/进行罢工——写出下列句中strike的词性及含义①She was practising surfing when a shark struck. v. 袭击②The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country. v. 打动；给……以印象③I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.  v. (钟)敲④It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.               v. (使)突然想起⑤The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.               n. 罢工——一句多译我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。⑥It struck me that the phone number I had told them was wrong. (strike)⑦It occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong. (occur)⑧It hit me that the phone number I had told them was wrong. (hit)9. put up 提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴；留宿[素养佳句]A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth.地球日的前一周，我们的学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入绿化地球的行动中。put up with 容忍；忍受put forward 提出(意见、建议) put on 穿上；上演put off 推迟；延期put away 放好(某物)；储存put down 放下；写下；镇压put aside ... 储存……备用；留下……供专用——写出下列句中put up的含义①First he opened a shop and then put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.              张贴②Those who know the answer to the question, please put up your hands.举起③They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer. 留宿④The government has promised that taxes will not be put up again this year.              提高——完成句子⑤I can put up with the house's being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。⑥The students have put forward a lot of questions that need to be solved at once.学生们提出了许多需要马上解决的问题。⑦Every year children put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year's presents.每年孩子们都会拿出一些零花钱来买新年礼物。 10. 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式[素养佳句]This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就可以学会使用。 “主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式有以下特点：(1)不定式说明主语在哪些方面存在形容词所表示的特点或性质。(2)不定式所表示的动作虽与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但通常以主动形式表示被动含义。(3) 如果不定式为不及物动词，则后面要有相应的介词。(4)该句式中常用的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, (im)possible, pleasant, interesting, exciting, important等。——单句语法填空①The problem looks rather easy, but in fact it is very hard to deal with．②The story is very interesting for the students to read (read)．——完成句子③Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is good to breathe．在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。④Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard to get along with．尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。11. be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，这时突然……[素养佳句]Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。 (1)be about to do sth. when ... ＝be on the point of doing sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时突然……(2)had (just) done sth. when ...刚做了某事，这时突然……——单句语法填空①He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.②The children were playing (play) football on the playground when it began to rain.③She had finished (finish) her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday. ——同义句转换They were on the point of giving up when the captain encouraged them fiercely to save the ship.④They were about to give up when the captain encouraged them fiercely to save the ship.选词填空rescue; damage; in shock; on hand; sweep away; come to an end; as if; trap; in the open air; effort1. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, both parents and schools should make an effort．2. The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.3. All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were in vain.4. Some people worried that the rapid development of tourism might cause damage to the local environment.5. Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.6. The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she were their own mother.7. There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need.8. I'm still in shock after hearing that bad news.9. In China, people believe fire can sweep away bad luck, so, red means good luck.10. Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.Ⅰ. 语境猜词义1. (2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.              v. 提供2. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.              n. 庇护处3. (2020·天津卷7月)The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.              vt. 使镇静4. (2017·北京卷)Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work.              vt. 使受电击Ⅱ. 一词多义1. (2021·全国乙卷)Indeed, the researchers found that face­to­face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.              AA. vt. 影响　　　B. vt. (疾病)侵袭　　　C. vt. 深深打动 2. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville, New Jersey.              CA. v. 发表　　B. v. 传达　　C. v. 递送Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. (2021·浙江卷6月写作)It seemed as if something unpleasant happened．好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。2. (2020·天津卷7月写作)It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.确实我们有时可能遭受失败。然而，重要的是我们永远不要失去继续努力的热情。3. (2015·江苏卷写作)Too many traffic jams have done damage to our daily life, so every one of us should obey the rules on the way.太多的交通堵塞破坏了我们的日常生活，所以我们每个人在路上都应该遵守交通规则。4. (2015·江苏卷写作)The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, but may also threatens people's lives.交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活，而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。Ⅰ. 单词拼写1. In spite of great efforts (努力), we failed to carry out our plans through.2. Too much drinking will do damage (损害)  to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.3. If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm (镇静的) in the face of darkness, loneliness and the unknown. 4. In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a trap (陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.5. A small plane crashed (碰撞) into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.  6. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (摧毁)．7. After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (救援) team to look for them.8. The government appealed to the International Red Cross to help the people suffering from the floods (洪水)．9. As far as I'm concerned, following others' advice without thinking will affect (影响) our own decision.10. They asked the little boy to sweep (打扫) the room clean.Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. The accident caused 3 deaths (die) and 20 got injured, which happened previous to his arrival there.2. It struck (strike) me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.3. Though the soldiers have been working for fifteen hours, they carry on looking for survivors (survive) in ruins. 4. Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and gradually increases in the length (long) of the runs.5. The country is becoming richer and more powerful (power) than ever before.6. What's more, it is another effective (effect) way to deal with the problem.7. I was having a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.8. All the listeners were greatly shocked (shock) when they heard the terrible news on the radio.Ⅲ. 补全句子1. 我正在看布告栏上的照片，这时我听到身后有个声音。(be doing ... when ...)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.2. 虽然李萍不健谈，但与她相处很容易。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ... )While Li Ping is not a talkative girl, she is easy to get along with．3. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。(ruin) The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. 4. 全球变暖正对世界各地数百种植物和动物产生巨大影响。(effect) Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.5. 他埋头看报纸，没有注意到发生了什么事。(bury)Burying himself in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.