主题10 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练

这是一份主题10 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练，共13页。试卷主要包含了____________ 2，____________ 7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练10 001   A阅读理解     越来越多的青少年感到孤独  002   B阅读理解     想提高阅读能力？你可能只需要更多“间距” 003   C阅读理解     科学家通过测试空气中的DNA来识别动物 004   D任务型阅读   北京开创学生体育考试新模式005   E完形填空     应急救援人肖文儒获得“时代楷模”称号006   F短文填空     小鸭们在妈妈身后游成一排之谜 A阅读理解主题：越来越多的青少年感到孤独Lonely? You're hardly alone, Since COVID-19 came, people of all ages have struggled（斗争）with this. Fewteens have been able to spend as much time at school or with friends as they used to.* But even before the pandemic, loneliness was becoming a growing problem for teens-especially girls. That's the finding of a new study.Take the United States. There, the share of lonely teens jumped from 18 percent in 2012 to 37 percent in 2018. Overall, during those years, the share of girls reporting loneliness basically doubled in the countries studied. The increase in boys was somewhat smaller.The new study linked（联系）rising loneliness to a greater use of smartphones and the Internet over the same years.Jean Twenge and her team shared their new findings in the July 20 Journal of Adolescence． A psychologist（心 理学家），Twenge works at San Diego State University in California. Since 2012, US teens have been spending less time together face-to-face, her team has found. So this increase in loneliness started long before a pandemic made such meetups unsafe.“Smartphones can help us keep in touch with friends,” says Twenge.“But they can also make people feel excluded（被排斥）.”Girls， especially， may feel this way. One reason may be that they like to post more photos than boys. Studies have shown that if those photos don't get a lot of“ likes＂， it can affect （影响） a teen＇s mental health.The data for the new study comes from a survey called the Program me for International Student Assessment (PISA). Some 1 million 15- and 16-year-old students from 37 countries took this survey in 2000,2003,2012,2015 and 2018.The questions were mainly about education. But they also included six statements （表述） about loneliness， such as, “I feel terrible and out of place in my school.” Students could strongly disagree, disagree, agree or strongly agree with each statement.The good news: Even in 2018,most teens around the world still felt liked and included at school. But in fact, more and more people report that loneliness is worrying.1 What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "increase" in Paragraph 2?A.降低B.增长C.加速D.减慢2 Why do most teenagers feel lonely, according to the study?A. Because they like spending more time together face-to-face.B. Because they think meeting together is unsafe during the pandemic.C. Because they spend more time on their smartphones and the Internet.D. Because they like to post more photos on their smartphones and the Internet.3 Where did the researchers get the data for the new study?A. From a report shared in a journal in 2012. B. From an interview made in recent five years.C. From a survey containing some statements about loneliness.D. From the news reported in 2018 about teens around the world.4 What is the writer＇s purpose（目的）to write this passage?A. To let people know more about loneliness.B. To ask people to know better about their children.C. To advise people to pay more attention to teens' mental health.D. To tell people not to ask their children to use smariphones and the Internet B阅读理解主题：想提高阅读能力？你可能只需要更多“间距”Have you ever tried to pick out the face of a friend in a group photo? Sometimes it is hard, especially wheneveryone crowds together. It can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together. In fact, a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster, and probably with better understanding.Dyslexia（诵读困难） is a common reading disorder （障碍）. Past research had shown that crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read. So researchers at Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, wanted to see how much help an increase in the spacing between letters would provide.Steven Stagg's team found 59 students between 11 and 15 years old: 32 had dyslexia and 27 did not. While the researchers recorded them, each student read two passages out loud. One passage was in its original format（原先的 版式）．In the other，there was an increase of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters. Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing. These kids also made fewer mistakes. Students without dyslexia read faster, too, although only by 5 percent.What did surprise this scientist was that wider-spaced letters helped even kids without dyslexia. This is very good news. It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra（额外的）spacing between letters knowing it will help everyone, Readers with dyslexia won't feel unhappy with having to use special reading material.Certain text-writing and document-processing（文件处理）software can easily add extra spacing between letters. Web designers can add space to the text on their pages, too. Although it may take some time for techniques（技术）like these to become widely used, people are trying to get tech companies to make changes that should ease reading.' This could even be personalized. Stagg is optimistic that wider spacing between letters will catch on1 What is TRUE about the past research?A. Crowded text was easy for people to read.B. Dyslexia was very common among students.C. An increase in the spacing usually provided no help.D. Crowded text was very hard for people with dyslexia to read.2 How many students had dyslexia in the research of Steven Stagg's team?A.15.B.27.C.32.D.59.3 What can we learn from the passage?A. Students with dyslexia can easily use certain software to read.B. Readers without dyslexia feel happy to use special reading material.C. Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text slower than the original text.D. The result shows that wider-spaced letters also help kids without dyslexia.4 What's the main idea of the passage?A. Stagg is optimistic that wider spacing will help students a lot.B. Computers can print material with extra spacing between letters.C. Companies found that making changes between letters could ease reading.D. Spacing the letters farther apart could help us read faster and better C阅读理解主题：科学家通过测试空气中的DNA来识别动物 Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying （识别） animals in an area by testing DNA breathed out into the air. The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track（踪迹）of animals that are hard to find, including endangered animals.Two teams of scientists-one in Denmark and one in the United Kingdom (UK)--came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating（飘 浮）in the air？Testing for eDNA isn't a new idea, but most of the time scientists looked for eDNA in the water. DNA in the air is usually so small that it would need a microscope（显 微镜）to see it. The scientists didn’t have high hopes for their experiment （试验）. “We did not think that collecting animal DNA from the air would work,” said Dr Kristine Bohmann.Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark's Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. However, both teams collected little pieces of DNA onto extremely high-quality filters（过滤器）.In the laboratory（实验室），they got the DNA from the filters and made copies of it to study. By comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos. The researchers in Denmark and in the UK identified 49 and 25 different kinds of animals separately （分别地）.The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had rare（稀有的）animals not naturally found in the area. As Dr Elizabeth Clare, who led the UK team said,“ There's no other way I would search DNA from a tiger, except for the zoo's tiger." But the researchers also researched some non-zoo animals, including humans, and a hedgehog that's endangered in the UK.Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering（干扰）with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. “The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature,” says Dr Bohmann.1 Where did the scientists collect animals' DNA in this passage?A. In the water.B. In the air.C. On animals' skin.D. In animals' brain.2 What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "samples" in Paragraph 4? A.技术B.实验C.团队D.样本3 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Collecting DNA from air is easier than looking for DNA in the water.B. The scientists are from Copenhagen Zoo and Hamerton Zoo Park.C. Using the new method to protect endangered animals in nature will not work.D. The scientists in Denmark and in the UK identify 74 kinds of animals.4 Why did the scientists test the new method in zoos?A. Because they could find rare animals in zoos much easily.B. Because it was cheaper for them to do experiments in zoos.C. Because they didn't want to interrupt animals in nature.D. Because it was easier for them to make copies of DNA to study.5 What's the best title for the passage?A. Scientists identify animals by DNA in the airB. Scientists identify animals by DNA in ZOOSC. Scientists use different methods to protect animalsD. Scientists research endangered animals in nature  D任务型阅读主题：北京开创学生体育考试新模式  As awareness（意识）about children＇s health increases in China, a new system of teaching and testing PE (physical education） was pioneered（开创）in Beijing.From the fall term of 2021, seventh grade students became the first group of students in Beijing to take part in the new system for middle school students. In December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission announced changes to physical education, which would be put into use during all nine years of compulsory（义务的）school education in the end.Education authorities would add more progress assessments （过程 评价）for PE courses to encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it on a regular basis（定期地）.Li Yi，a speaker choose during their final tests. After the adjustments （调整），it will be easier for students to get higher or even full grades during their PE tests.”According to the new assessment rules, the junior middle students would be able to choose four sports for their PE exams from a list of 22 sports including running, jump rope, standing long jump, table tennis, badminton, swimming and so on. “The goal is to bring physical education into the whole process of a student's development when they go to primary school,” Li said. “All students will be encouraged to take part in physical education programs and their interests and personal differences will be taken into consideration to ensure the programs are fair.”Zhao Xing, a mother of two school-age children, was happy that swimming had been added to the program as her 5-year-old son loves the sport and can do well in his PE finals.Li also said that the list of 22 sports may be changed according to the social economic（经济的） growth, popularity of every sport, as well as the students' physical development.阅读短文，根据短文内容完成下列任务。任务一：补全下列句子，词数不限。1 Beijing has pioneered a new system to____________.2 Seventh grade students in Beijing joined in the new system for middle school students from_______________.任务二：简略回答下列问题。3 Why would education authorities add more progress assessments for PE courses?____________________________________________________________________________________________4 For the new PE exams, how many sports can students choose from?____________________________________________________________________________________________任务三：将画线的句子翻译成中文5___________________________________________________________________________________________ E完形填空主题：应急救援人肖文儒获得“时代楷模”称号In the past 38 years, Xiao Wenru has led or taken part in over 700 rescues, from which about 1,000 people were saved.* On November 3,2021,he was given the title “Role Model of the Times”.Every rescue he's joined in is full of  1  For example, in the 1990s, during a rescue in Datong, Xiao was  2  in a blast（爆炸） in a coal mine （煤矿）．“Without  3  ,I continued putting out the fire with a water gun because I knew the amount of oxygen （氧气）there was limited（有限的）and the  4  was good for me to stop the fire. If not, I might have died,” he said.Xiao graduated from a coal mine technical school in 1983.Four years into his service, one of his teammates died, making him realize the  5  that come with his job.A year later, Xiao's older brother, a police officer, died in the line of duty（执行公务） at the age of 29，which led Xiao's mother to ask him to  6  his team because of the high risk.“Sometimes I did consider leaving my job in the past, until I  7  in another unforgettable rescue 30 years ago in Datong,” Xiao said. On that mission, as soon as Xiao  8  out from a coal mine fire, a woman in her 80s knelt （跪下） in front of him and thanked him for saving her son.“I was really  9  .At that time, I realized how great my job is. Nothing can bring the same happiness as that you get from saving people's lives,”Though he is older now and the danger is still high, Xiao said he isn't  10  about working on the front line of a rescue. He said he is more experienced, and if he is at the scene（现场），young rescuers will feel more confident1A.funB. dangerC. surpriseD. excitement2A.caughtB. lostC. takenD. hurt3A.hopeB. joyC. smileD. fear4A.weatherB. temperatureC. conditionD. experience5A.pointsB. resultsC. risksD. mistakes6A.loveB. leaveC. followD. accept7A.handedB. gaveC. arrivedD. joined8A.droppedB. cameC. hungD. broke9A.nervousB. stressedC. relaxedD. touched10A.shyB. strongC. friendlyD. angry F短文填空主题：小鸭们在妈妈身后游成一排之谜Baby   hard   it   they   but   this   know   work   with   whose   slow   aThere's seience to having your ducklings in a row.Baby ducks are known for paddling（划水） in an orderly line behind  1  mother. Now scientists know why． The  2  take a ride on their mom＇s waves（波浪）．That can save the ducklings＇energy（能量）Earlier research studied how much energy ducklings burn while swimming. That showed that the youngsters saved energy when swimming behind their mom. But how they saved energy wasn't  3  So Yuan Zhiming made computer simulations （模拟） of waterfowl waves. Yuan，a famous researcher，  4  at the University of Strathclyde. It's in Glasgow, Scotland. Yuan and his friends found that a duckling in just the right place behind its mother has  5  easier swim.When it swims on its own, a duckling makes waves behind it. This uses up some energy that would otherwise push it ahead. Called wave drag（波浪阻力），  6  stops the duckling's movement.  7  wave drag is opposite（相反的） for ducklings in the best place. They feel a push instead of drag.Like good brothers or sisters, the ducklings share  8  one another. Each duckling in the line passes along waves to those behind. So all the ducklings get a free ride.But for the benefits， the youngsters need to keep up with their mom. If they fall out of position （位置），swimming gets  9  ． That＇s fair punishment for ducklings that swim  10  behind.根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺（方框中有两词是多余选项）1.____________  2. ____________  3. ____________  4. ____________  5. ____________  6.____________  7. ____________  8. ____________  9. ____________  10. ____________   答案解析A阅读理解一项新的研究发现越来越多的青少年感到孤独，尤其是女孩。本文通过各种研究数据说明了青少年感到孤独的原因。1．B 词义猜测题。由第二段的 the share of girls reporting loneliness basically doubled中的 doubled 和The increase in boys was somewhat smaller.中 的smaller可推断，increase意为“增长”。2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知答案是C。3．C 细节理解题。结合倒数第二段第一句中的The data for the new study comes from a survey 以 及第四句中的But they also included six statements about loneliness 可知，研究人员从一项调查中获得了新研究的数据，该调查包括一些关于孤独的陈述。4．C 推理判断题。第一段抛出问题；第三段揭示了这项新研究将日益增长的孤独感与更多地使用智能手机和互联网联系起来；第四至六段给出实例；最后一段 But in fact，more and more people report that loneliness is worrying.点题，说明作者想让更多人关注越来越多的青少年感到孤独这一问题以及青少年的心理健康。★难句分析Few teens have been able to spend as much time at school or with friends as they used to.很少有青少年 能像过去那样花那么多时间在学校或与朋友在一起。Few teens是主语，have been able to spend 是谓 语部分；as..as是固定表达，意为“与··一样···.”；used to do sth 也是固定表达，表示：过去常常做（但现在已不做了）。B阅读理解一项研究表明，加大字母之间的间距可以帮助人们读得更快，而且能获得更好的理解。1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，过去的研究表明，挤在一起的文本对于有诵读困难的人来说尤其困难。2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Steven Stagg的研究小组找到了59名年龄在11到15岁之间的学生，其中32人有诵读困难，27人没有。3．D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，令科学家惊讶的是，宽间距的字母甚至对没有诵读困难的孩子也有帮助。4．D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了加大字母之间的间距可以帮助人们读得更快，而且能获得更好的理解。★难句分析Although it may take some time for techniques like these to become widely used, people are trying to get tech companies to make changes that should ease reading，虽然这样的技术被广泛应用还需要一些时间，但人们正试图让科技公司做出改变，使阅读变得容易。although引导让步状语从句，主句中 that should ease reading 为定语从句，修饰先行词changes。Like these意为“像这样的（技术），like此处为介词，表示“像····一样”；ease为动词，意为“使容易”。C阅读理解科学家们通过测试空气中的DNA来追踪并搜寻那些很难找到的动物，包括濒危动物。两组来自不同国家的科研人员做出了令人振奋的研究。1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，科学家们想出了一种新方法来识别一个地区的动物，即测试空气中的DNA。2．D 词义猜测题。根据前三段可推断出，两组科研人员在两个动物园收集样本用于实验研究，因此samples意为“样本”。3．D 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可知，丹麦和英国的研究人员分别鉴定了49种和25种不同的动物，合起来是74种，因此D正确。4．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，科学家们选择在动物园里进行试验是因为动物园拥有一些在该地区的自然界所没有的珍稀动物。5．A 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了科研人员通过空气中的DNA来识别动物的实验。★难句分析The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to find, including endangered animals.研究人员相信，他们的 新方法可以帮助科学家追踪难以找到的动物，包括濒危动物。该句中 their new method could help scientists keep track of animals为省略了that的宾语从句，作 believe的宾语；help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词animals。D任务型阅读2021年12月9日，《北京市义务教育体育与健康考核评价方案》正式公布。新的体育考试模式增加了过程性考核积累，带动和督促孩子从小坚持锻炼。与以往相比，考试项目的增加让孩子们有了更多选择，使他们能够尽可能选择自己比较擅长、感兴趣的项目，大大增加了拿高分、拿满分的概率。1．teach and test PE 根据第一段的a new system of teaching and testing PE(physical education)was pioneered in Beijing 可知，把介宾短语 of teaching and testing PE（physical education）改为动词不定 式形式 to teach and test PE。2．the fall term of 2021 根据第二段第一句可知，从2021年的秋季学期开始北京市对七年级学生实施了新的体育教学与考试模式。3.To encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it on a regular basis. 根据第 三段第一句可知，教育部将增加更多的过程性考核，是为了鼓励孩子们从更早的年龄开始，并定期进行体育锻炼。4.22（sports）．根据第四段第一句可知，在体育考试改革方案中，学生是从22个项目中选择4个项目参加体育考试。5．赵星是两个学龄孩子的母亲，她很高兴游泳被选入了项目，因为她5岁的儿子热爱这项运动，并且能在体育期末考试中取得好成绩。★难句分析In December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission announced changes to physical education. which would be put into use during all nine years of compulsory school education in the end．12月，北京市 教委宣布了对体育教育的改革，这一改革最终将在九年义务教育中实施。In December作时间状语；to physical education 作后置定语，修饰 changes；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词changes。E完形填空在从事应急救援工作的38年时间里，肖文儒领导、参加了700多次救援，约1000人获救。2021年11月3日，中共中央宣传部授予肖文儒同志“时代楷模”称号。1．B 根据下文举例可知，救援行动充满了危险。此外，根据最后一段第一句也可知，此处为danger。2．A 根据下文引号中的内容可知，在一次救援中，肖文儒被困在煤矿爆炸中。catch意为“拦住；截住”，过去分词形式为caught。3．D 根据下文可知，肖文儒被困之后，立即采取行动灭火，没有畏惧或害怕。fear意为“害怕”，符合语境。4．C 上文说煤矿中氧气含量有限，由此可知，这是灭火的有利条件。condition意为“条件”，符合语境。5．C 队友的牺牲让肖文儒意识到工作的风险。此外，根据下一段最后一句中的the high risk 也可知此处为risks。6．B 根据下一段第一句可知，过去肖文儒确实考虑过离开这个岗位，由此推断，此处表示：肖文儒的母亲因为他的工作风险太高，要求他离开这个队伍，所以选leave。7．D 下文提及一个80多岁的老太太在他面前跪下，感谢他救了她儿子。这样的场面让肖文儒感动不已，他无法舍弃这份工作。因此，此处指他参与到另一次难忘的救援任务。join in意为“参加”。另外，根据第二段第一句可知，此处应为join。8．B as soon as．．．意为“就····．”。此处表示：肖文儒一从煤矿火灾中出来，一位80多岁的老太太就跪下致谢。come out 意为“出现；出来”，符合语境。9．D 上一段提到老人跪下致谢，由此推断，此时肖文儒被她的行为感动了。touched意为“受感动的”，符合语境。10．A 句意：尽管肖文儒现在年龄大了，工作仍然危险，但他不会因为继续奋战在救援一线而感到害怕。be shy about doing sth意为“害怕做某事；对做某事心怀顾忌”，符合语境。★难句分析In the past 38 years, Xiao Wenru has led or taken part in over 700 rescues, from which about 1,000 people were saved．在过去的38年里，肖文儒领导、参加了700多次救援，约1000人获救。from which about 1,000 people were saved为“介 词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rescues.F短文填空小鸭们排成一队在水中游是有科学依据的。它们会在鸭妈妈身后排成一队是因为可以借着波浪节省自身的能量，从而可以更容易在水面上游。1．their 此处指鸭宝宝们的妈妈，mother是名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。2．babies 根据空格后的谓语动词take及代词 their可知，该空为名词，应用复数，故填baby的复数形式 babies。3．known 上文提到节省能量，根据转折连词but可知，此处与上文形成反差，表示：它们是如何节省能量的还不得而知。系动词后跟过去分词表被动，故填known。4．works 根据语境可知，此处应选用work；由于该研究员工作在思克莱德大学是事实，所以用一般现在时；因主语是单数，故填works。5．an 此处考查短语 have a swim，因swim前有easier修饰，且easier是以元音音素开头的单词，故填冠词an。6．this 前面提到波浪阻力，那么肯定是波浪阻力阻止小鸭前行，故用指示代词this指代前面的wave drag。7．But 根据下文的opposite“相反的”和该段最后一句话“小鸭们感觉到的是推力而不是阻力”可知.该句与上句之间是转折关系，故填But。8．with 根据句子结构可知，谓语 share和宾语one another之间缺少介词。share with“与·····一起分享”。9．harder 句意：如果它们掉队了，游动就会变得更费力。应用形容词比较级，故填harder。10．slowly 修饰谓语动词swim应用副词，故填slowly。★难句分析That's fair punishment for ducklings that swim slowly behind.这是对在后面慢慢游动的小鸭的公平惩罚。that swim slowly behind 是定语从句，that为引导词，且在从句中作主语，该从句修饰先行词ducklings。