专题14 短文填词（福建）-中考英语知识及解题技巧（仁爱版）

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福建省该题型有三种考查形式:音标填词(3空)、用所给提示词的适当形式填空(4空)和盲填(3空),共设空10处。
考点一 音标填词
因所考音标多为元音、长音、重读音节,所考词性均为实义词,如名词、动词、形容词、副词,且均为课标中的重点词汇,所以平时注意其音节和词汇拼写。
以下是国际音标表,供学生记忆(英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个):
另外常见字母组合发音,也是中考高频考点:
元音组合:ar—/aː/ r—/ɔː/ —/uː/或/ʊ/ ea—/e/ w—/aʊ/或/əʊ/ u—/aʊ/
辅音组合:ch—/tʃ/ th—/ɵ/或/ð/ sh—/ʃ/ qu—/kw/ ture—/tʃə/
考点二 构词法
英语中,构词法主要有三种:①合成;②派生;③转化。另外还有缩略法和缩写法等。
1.合成法
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,前一个词起修饰后一个词的作用。合成词有的用连字符连接,有的不用。合成词的词义通常能从单词表面看出来。合成词的主要构成方式有:
(1)合成名词
名词+名词:basketball篮球;bedrm卧室 形容词+名词:blackbard黑板;highway公路
动词+名词:playgrund操场 动名词+名词:dining rm餐厅;swimming pl游泳池
副词+名词:vercat长大衣 动词+副词:break-in闯入;get-tgether聚会
(2)合成动词
名词+动词:babysit照看小孩;sleepwalk梦游 形容词+动词:whitewash粉刷
副词+动词:vercme克服
(3)合成形容词
数词+名词:fur-hur四个小时的 数词+名词+形容词:five-year-ld五岁大的
形容词+名词:full-time全职的 名词+过去分词:man-made人造的
名词+现在分词:peace-lving热爱和平的 副词+现在分词:far-reaching影响深远的
副词+过去分词:well-knwn著名的 形容词+名词+-ed:fair-haired金发的
(4)合成副词
介词+副词:frever永远 动词+动词:maybe可能;大概
副词+名词:upstairs在楼上
2.派生法
在一个单词(词根)前面或后面加上一个词缀,构成一个新词,称为派生。词缀分为前缀和后缀。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀;加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
(1)前缀
①一般情况下,加前缀不改变词性,只改变原词的词义
dis-否定;相反;除去(加在动词前,表示否定)
appear出现—disappear消失
im-,in-,ir-,un- 不;非(加在形容词、副词前,表示否定)
regular规则的—irregular不规则的happy高兴的—unhappy不高兴的
mis- 误;错(加在动词前,表示否定)
understand明白—misunderstand误会
nn- 无;非;不(加在名词、形容词前,表示否定)
stp停止—nn-stp直达的,不停的
②能改变词性和词义的前缀
en- 使成为(加在名词、形容词前构成动词)
jy(n.)乐趣—enjy(v.)享受……之乐
③其他意思的前缀
fre- 先;前see看见—fresee预见
mid- 中day天—midday中午
re- 重新;再一次
build建设—rebuild重建tell告诉;讲述—retell复述
tele- 远的;电视的;通过电话的visin视力;视觉—televisin(缩写为TV)电视
(2)后缀(一般改变词性,加后缀构成的派生词与原词的词义有联系)
-able 能够;可……的(加在动词、名词后,构成形容词)
enjy喜欢—enjyable愉快的use使用—usable可用的
-age 状态;费用(加在动词或形容词后,构成名词)
pst邮寄—pstage邮资shrt短的—shrtage缺少
-ed ……的(加在名词后构成形容词,加在规则动词后构成过去式和过去分词)
interest使感兴趣—interested感兴趣的
-en 由……制成的(加在名词后构成形容词)
wd木头—wden木制的wl羊毛—wlen(wllen)羊毛的
-er,-r 人;动作者(加在动词后构成名词)
run跑—runner跑步者read阅读—reader读者
visit访问—visitr访问者invent发明—inventr发明者
-ern 方向(加在表示方向的名词后构成形容词)
nrth北—nrthern北方的
-es,-s 加在名词后构成复数,加在动词后构成第三人称单数
watch手表—watches(复数)手表say说—says(第三人称单数)说
-ese,-(ia)n 人;语言(加在国名后构成形容词和名词)
China中国—Chinese中国人Japan日本—Japanese日本人
America美国—American美国人Australia澳大利亚—Australian澳大利亚人
Canada加拿大—Canadian加拿大人
-ful 充满……的(加在名词后构成形容词)
care小心—careful小心的help帮助—helpful有帮助的
-hd ……时期;……状态(加在名词后构成名词,作后缀时可构成复合词)
child小孩—childhd童年brther兄弟—brtherhd兄弟关系
-in 动作;状态(加在动词后构成名词)
invent发明—inventin发明(物)
-ist 主义者;人(加在名词后构成名词)
science科学—scientist科学家Marx马克思—Marxist马克思主义者
-less 无……的;没有;不(加在名词后构成形容词)
care小心—careless粗心的use使用—useless无用的
-ly 以……方式;具有……性质;每隔……时间(加在名词后构成形容词或副词;加在形容词后构成副词)
friend朋友—friendly友好的week星期—weekly每周的,每周
easy容易的—easily容易地true真的—truly真实地
slw慢的—slwly慢慢地quick迅速的—quickly迅速地
-ness 状态;性质(加在形容词后构成抽象名词)
careful小心的—carefulness小心kind好心的—kindness友善
-self(-selves) 自己(词根-self可作后缀,作后缀时通常构成反身代词)
my我的—myself我自己him他—himself他自己
-ship 状态;身份(加在名词或形容词后构成抽象名词)
friend朋友—friendship友谊hard难的—hardship苦难
-th 动作;过程(加在形容词、动词后构成抽象名词)
true真实的—truth真理grw生长—grwth成长
-ty 性质;状态;程度(加在形容词后构成抽象名词)
safe安全的—safety安全difficult困难的—difficulty困难
-y (充满)……的;有……倾向的(加在名词后构成形容词)
clud云—cludy多云的rain雨—rainy多雨的
sun太阳—sunny晴朗的snw雪—snwy下雪的
3.转化法
(1)转换前后的单词读音不变,只转换词性。判断某个单词的词性要看单词在句子中的功能。
answer(n.)回答—answer(v.)回答(名词转化为动词)
hand(n.)手—hand(v.)传递(名词转化为动词)
pen(adj.)开着的—pen(v.)打开(形容词转化为动词)
range(n.)橘子—range(adj.)橙色的(名词转化为形容词)
(2)读音变化引起词性变化
clse/kləʊs/(adj.)近的—/kləʊz/(v.)关上
excuse/ɪkˈskjuːs/(n.)借口;理由—/ɪkˈskjuːz/(v.)原谅
4.缩略法
把原词省略一部分,使其缩短,写法和读音都用新的形式。
examinatin—exam考试
phtgraph—pht照片
5.缩写法
取一个词或几个词的代表部分,再进行组合。
televisin—TV电视
考点三 词类变化
1.名词:变复数;所有格;形容词。
2.形容词:变副词;级别变化。
3.副词:级别变化。
4.数词:序数词或基数词。
5.代词:主格变宾格、形容词性物主代词或反身代词。
考点四 无提示词填空
无提示词填空题型常见类:介词、冠词、连词、代词等。
1.介词:根据语境或者固定搭配填写合适的介词。
2.冠词:判断表示泛指还是特指,确定填不定冠词还是定冠词。
3.连词:判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等。
4.代词:根据语境判断用什么形式的代词。
解题技巧
主语 During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme m。re and mre ppular.（名词）
We ften speak English in class.（代词）
Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）
The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）
It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
表语
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）
Is it yurs?（代词）
The weather has turned cld.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
His jb is t teach English.（不定式）
His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）
I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.（宾语从句）
宾语补足语：
His father named him Dngming.（名词）
They painted their bat white.（形容词）
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词）
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）
He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
1.考生需要分析句子结构,找出句中所缺成分,确定所填词的词性。
①若句子缺少主语,则要考虑填名词、代词、动名词。
②若句子缺少谓语,则要考虑填动词。
③若句子缺少宾语,则要考虑填名词、代词、动名词等。
④若句子缺少表语,则要考虑填名词或形容词。
⑤若句子缺少定语,则要考虑填形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、动词不定式、分词等。
⑥若句子缺少状语,则要考虑填副词、动词不定式、分词等。
⑦若句子缺少补语,则要考虑填名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词等。
2.若词性吻合,再结合实际语境、语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式,得出最终答案。
①如果所填词是名词,且空前为a/an/ne等表示单数概念的词,或该句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,则直接填单数名词或不可数名词;若空前有many,sme,a few等表示复数概念的词,或该句谓语动词为复数形式,则要填名词的复数形式;或者根据语境判断此处填该名词的另一种名词形式(如:science→scientist,music→musician,art→artist,Japan→Japanese,friend→friendship)。
②如果所填词是动词,则要根据主语的人称、数,具体的时态、语态判断所填词的正确形式。
一般现在时的标志词有:always, ften, usually, smetimes, every week, nce a mnth等。若主语为第一、二人称或第三人称复数,谓语动词用原形;若主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
一般过去时的标志词有:just nw, ag, in 1980, yesterday, last night等。
一般将来时的标志词有:tmrrw, in the future, sme day, in ten minutes, sn, next week等。
现在进行时的标志词有:nw, at present, these days, lk, listen等。
现在完成时的标志词有:yet, already, recently, lately, since then, s far, fr+一段时间,in the past 5 years等。
过去进行时的标志词有:at 1:00 last night, at that mment, at this time yesterday等。
如果句子主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,则需用被动语态。
③如果所填词是形容词,则要判断用原级还是用比较等级。形容词比较级的标志词多为than,还有much, even, a lt等;最高级的标志词有the, in, f, amng等。
④如果所填词是代词,则需要判断此处是用代词的哪种形式,作主语时用代词的主格或者名词性物主代词;作宾语时用宾格或者反身代词;作定语时用形容词性物主代词。
⑤如果所填词是数词,则要判断用基数词还是序数词。一般(大于1的)基数词后的名词为复数形式,序数词后的名词为单数形式,且序数词前加the。
3.若词性不吻合,则要将其转化为正确的形式。
①名词的转化
若句子缺少定语,则要将名词转化为形容词。常见的名词变形容词有:health→healthy,interest→interested,snw→snwy,sun→sunny,surprise→surprised等。
②动词的转化
若句子缺少主语、宾语、补语等,则要将动词转化为名词。常见的动词变名词
有:sing→singer,decide→decisin,invent→inventr等。
若句子缺少定语,则要将动词转化为形容词。常见的动词变形容词
有:break→brken,excite→excited,help→helpful,thank→thankful,disappint→disappinted等。
③形容词的转化
若句子缺少状语,则要将形容词转化为副词。常见的形容词变副词
有:lucky→luckily,happy→happily,usual→usually,careful→carefully,slw→slwly,plite→plitely等。
若句子缺少主语、宾语、补语等,则要将形容词转化为名词。常见的形容词变名词
有:safe→safety,imprtant→imprtance,happy→happiness,healthy→health,pleasant→pleasure等。
4.针对固定搭配,考生须在平时的学习过程中注重短语的积累与运用,如:
①at the end 2014,考查介词短语at the end f(在……结尾);
②many places f ,考查名词短语places f interest(名胜古迹);
③ a bike instead f taking a car,考查动词词组ride a bike(骑自行车);
④It was than an ancient internatinal trade rute...,考查词组mre than(不仅仅);
⑤nt nly... als help them,考查词组nt als...(不仅……而且……)。
5.针对语境逻辑,考生需要理解上下文语境,如:
①连词:表示条件或假设可用if;表示转折用but;表示顺承或并列用and;表示让步用althugh/thugh等。
②代词:根据指代的人称;, ther...,等一些固定搭配。
③冠词:表示特指,用the;表示泛指,用a/an。
④副词:表示频度,用ften,usually,always,seldm,never等。
⑤形容词:根据生活常识和语境判断, culd be red, and yellw.分析可知是说交通灯,根据生活常识可知交通灯是红绿黄三色,故填green。
⑥数词:根据顺序来判断,如:First,... ,,...可判断空格处应填Secnd。
⑦从句:如果空后是从句,先判定具体是宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句还是其他从句,从而确定应填入什么词,如:I really wanted t knw is singing in the next rm.分析该句子成分可知,knw为及物动词,其后跟宾语,而knw后是一个句子,因此此处引导一个宾语从句,从而可知应填wh来充当宾语从句的主语。
⑧感叹句:根据空后中心词来判断感叹词,如Hw+形容词/副词+其他!,What+(修饰词)名词+其他!。
练一练
主语（考名词和ving）
1. in the US will leave their parents' hme when they grw up.
2. is gd way t keep healthy.
谓语（考时态和被动）
1.Nt many families arund the village befre.
2.It usually abut half an hur t g frm Lftn t Manchester.
3.Du’s hands were cby the man .
非谓语(d 和ding)
1.I learned hw t sbth happiness and sadness with thers.
2.At that time，they decided t stp sSpanish at hme and nly cmmunicate in English.
3.It made me fhappy and warm.
定语(形容词，代词）
1.Mst American families are smaller than the families in cuntries.
2.Parents usually let their children chse their jbs.
3.D yu ften help yparents d husewrk?
表语（形容词，名词）
1.S life in Lftn may nt be s eas the life in the bcities, but it can be just as interesting.
2.Since we did nt knw what happened, we were very f.
3.It was the eautumn f my first year at a middle schl，and my ld schl was far away.As a result，n ne knew wh I was.I was very l，and afraid t speak t anyne.
副词（修饰动词，形容词和句子）
1.We ran as qas we culd.
2.Furteen –year-ld girl Du Bingzi was walking twards her hme. S, a man stpped her.
3.It is very sad that many peple dn't try t learn anther language.It's ewrse when peple 5.let themselves frget their mther language and becme silenced.
介词（考词组和固定搭配）
1.They usually live far ftheir parents because they want t find gd jbs.
3.And in many families, children are paid (付钱) ding sme husewrk s that they learn hw t make mney fr their wn use.
4.There was a big earthquake under the India Ocean Area December 26th 2004
6.One advantage f speaking mre than ne language is that yu can cmmunicate with mre peple athe wrld
连词（用于句和句，词和词之间）
1.D yu want t live with yur parentsyu grw up ?
2.Mst f them are fand helpful.
3.Then we talked there uit gt dark.
4.Then ne day，my classmates were talking happily with their friends，I was sitting at my desk unhappily as usual.
真题训练
一、
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
A yung cuple decided t g camping in the muntains t celebrate the 1 (ne) year f their marriage. They tk with them all the things they wuld need t g camping—warm 2 (clth), fd and a tent.
They went up t the muntains and 3 /faʊnd/a perfect place t set up their tent. After that, they decided t g 4 a hike t see mre f the muntains.
After a lng hike, they went back t their camp, built a fire and cked 5 /ˈdɪnə/. Finally, it was time t g t sleep.
Smetime in the middle f the night, the wife wke her husband 6 and said,“Lk up at the sky. What d yu see?”
Her husband answered withut 7 (think),“I see millins f stars.”
His wife said,“That’s right. What des that mean t yu?”
The husband said,“Well, if there are 8 many stars ut there, that means there might als be a planet just like 9 (we). And if that’s true, then there culd be life n ne f thse planets. That’s kind f exciting.”
His wife said,“Yu are 10 /rɒŋ/. It means that smene has stlen ur tent.”
二
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Ntre-Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院)in central Paris was built between the 12th and 14th centuries. It is ne f the wrld?s best-knwn mnuments. Unfrtunately, 1 the evening f April 15, it was damaged by a serius fire.
The fire 2 (seem)t have started n the rf at the back f the cathedral. It spread quickly, sending flames 3 smke high int the sky abve Paris. The spire(教堂塔尖)at the center f the cathedral glwed(发光)red and fell dwn 4 (final). Thusands f peple gathered alng the 5 (bank) f the Seine(塞纳河). They were all deeply shcked by the scene.
“It is like 6 (lse) a member f ne?s wn family,” a 45-year-ld marketing directr said.“Fr me, there are s 7 memries abut it.”
Abut 500 firefighters battled the fire thrugh the night. After nearly 8 /faɪv/hurs, they managed t bring the fire under 9 /kənˈtrəʊl/. French fficials said they had saved the 10 /stəʊn/structure f the building. Hwever, tw-thirds f the rf was destryed.
Restratin(修复)wrk was under way at the cathedral. The cathedral will rise again in time.
三
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Frm deserts and beaches t playgrunds, sand is a cmmn sight. But yu might nt knw that sand is als a useful resurce.
Sand is the secnd mst-used resurce in the wrld after water, the BBC reprted. Hwever, the UN said that sand is nt limitless and that we might be running ut f 1 .
Sand is made up f very small 2 (piece)f rck, sil and minerals(矿物质). It can take tens f thusands f years t frm. But nw we are using sand mre 3 (quick) than it is being frmed. Accrding t the BBC, we use abut 15 billin tns f sand every year 4 build huses, rads and ther things.
Peple als put sand in the 5 [siː]t make new islands. Fr example, the Palm Islands are made up f three 6 [lɑːdʒ]man-made islands in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. In 2010, they 7 (take)94 millin cubic meters f sand t build.
If peple keep 8 (use)this much sand, it will run ut in many places. Fr example, Vietnam may run ut f cnstructin sand by 2020, Live Science nted.
9 [sɪns]peple need s much sand, they are trying t mine(开采)mre f it. But this is bad fr the envirnment. Mining sand may 10 beaches t disappear and mre flds t happen in places clse t the sea. Als, this may affect the habitats(栖息地)f many plants and animals.
四
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Hw many birthdays d yu have each year? Mst f yu just have 1 , right? Well, the Queen f Britain is different. This special 2 /ˈleɪdɪ/has tw birthdays each year!
The Queen?s 3 /ˈriːəl/birthday is in April. She usually celebrates it 4 (private)with her family. Her fficial birthday is always in June. This fficial birthday is nt decided by the Queen 5 the weather. On this day, the Queen always has a parade(游行)fr her birthday 6 (call)Trping the Clur. This big utdr parade 7 (start) in 1748. Hwever, in April, the weather in Britain is very 8 (rain) and cld. S in the 1900s, the ryal head mved it 9 June, when the weather is nicer. The Queen decided that her June birthday shuld always be n a Saturday. That’s because it is mre cnvenient(方便的)fr peple t 10 /əˈtend/it n that day. Her fficial birthday may be different every year, but it is always n the Saturday clsest t June 11.
五
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个设空处填入一个适当的词,要求所填的词意义准确,形式正确,使短文意思完整,行文连贯。
Once, peple dreamed f a language that everybdy in the wrld culd understand. Nw, fr the first time in human histry, 1 /pəˈhæps/there is ne—English. English is the fficial language in mre than 50 2 (cuntry) and 250—300 millin peple speak it as a secnd language. Sme say that English will be 3 (use) by half f the wrld’s ppulatin in the year 2050.
English is nt the 4 (easy) t learn amng all languages. It has a large vcabulary—at least 200,000 wrds are in 5 /ˈkɒmən/use. Their prnunciatin and written frm are als very different, even a little hard. 6 sme things make it easy. Fr instance, there is nly ne frm t speak t smene directly—“yu”.
English is used 7 many different areas. It is the language f transprt. At sea, English is the internatinal language f 8 (cmmunicate). It is als the first language f science, technlgy and educatin—80 percent f the infrmatin 9 /stɔːd/n the Internet is in English and 90 percent f schlchildren in Eurpe study 10 as their first freign language.
六
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个设空处填入一个适当的词,要求所填的词意义准确,形式正确,使短文意思完整,行文连贯。
Wu Yishu is a student in Shanghai. She became the subject f ht discussin n the Chinese Internet during the Spring Festival hlidays. She beat the thers in the 1 (tw) seasn f the Chinese Petry Cnference n China Central Televisin 2 Feb. 7th.
This 16-year-ld girl has 3 (win) the Chinese petry cmpetitin because she has much knwledge f the cuntry’s ancient 4 [ˈkʌltʃə]and wrks.“I get feelings frm ancient petry that mdern peple cannt give me. I pay little attentin 5 the cmpetitin?s result, but I lve petry, and it is enugh as lng as I enjy the 6 (happy) brught by the petry,”Wu said. In the final, Wu perfrmed strngly in many sectins, such 7 cmpetitins recalling pems by lking at 8 [sænd]paintings and reciting pems as many as they culd think f.
Wu’s strng perfrmance in the Chinese ancient rhythm wrks earned her lts f 9 [fænz]and encuraged thers t learn ancient wrks. She is 10 (knw) amng her classmates and teachers as she lves reading pems and wearing ancient Chinese clthes.
七
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个设空处填入一个适当的词,要求所填的词意义准确,形式正确,使短文意思完整,行文连贯。
Mst Chinese students wrk really hard t get “A” grades in schl. But in the United States, if yu 1 [dʒʌst]study all the time and dn’t scialize(社交), yur life wn’t be cmplete. S, hw des ne scialize with students in the US?
Lts f high schl sccer games are usually held 2 fall. I didn’t knw anything abut sccer, but I jined in sme f the sccer games in rder t have fun with my friends. I 3 (think) I culd learn the rules frm thers. Hwever, t my 4 , sme American students dn’t even knw the rules but still g t the games in rder t scialize. They 5 [tʃɪə]fr the sccer players and have fun tgether.
The ther 6 [ˈkɒmən]way t scialize is t jin after-schl clubs. Yu can chse clubs that yu like and make a lt f new friends. Fr example, ne f my 7 (classmate) started a drawing club. I was 8 (interest) in it and jined the club. I met lts f students there wh were fnd f 9 (draw). We sn became friends with each ther.
Scializing is an imprtant thing in the US. But grades are still 10 , t. A cmplete student shuld have the ability t balance(平衡) his r her studying and scializing.
八
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Lk at yur calendar.There are many slar terms(节气)n a Chinese lunar calendar.
On Nv. 30,2016,UNESCO 1 (add)“the 24 Slar Terms”int the list f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity(人类非物质文化遗产). 2 an imprtant part f Chinese culture,the 24 slar terms 3 /ɡaɪd/peple?s farming and daily life.
Abut 2,000 years 4 ,Chinese peple studied natural changes such as air 5 /ˈtemprətʃə/,water and crp grwth(农作物生长).They then made 24 slar terms t shw the changes in 6 /ˈsiːzn/and weather.
Fr instance,they named the day in a year with 7 lngest daytime as xiazhi.The 8 (shrt) ne was called dngzhi.In many parts f China,it’s usually 9 (snw) arund xiaxue every year.
The slar terms als help farmers make 10 (they) plans.When lichun cmes,it’s getting warm.Farmers are ging t sw seeds. When mangzhng cmes,the harvest time is cming.
九
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Bb was in hspital. His legs were badly hurt in a terrible mtrcycle accident. After several 1 (week) f treatment, the dctr knew that Bb’s legs needed t be cut ff.
The dctr was 2 [əˈfreɪd]t give Bb the bad news. 3 , he gave the srry jb t Bb’s wife. He hped she wuld 4 [nəʊ]hw t gently break the bad news t him.
“Hney,”Bb’s wife Eva said the next mrning,“I have gt sme gd news and sme bad news. 5 ne wuld yu like t hear first?”
Bb answered in his 6 [juːʒuəl]grumpy(发牢骚的)vice,“What d I care?Just give me the bad news!”
“Well, dear,”said Eva,“I hate t tell yu this, but it 7 (seem)like yur legs are ging t have t be taken ff.”
Bb cannt stp his vice 8 trembling(颤抖). “What’s the gd news?”
“The gd news,” said Eva 9 (happy), “is that the gardener said he might be interested in 10 (buy)yur shes!”
十
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Last year, fur children waited fr their schl bus every day fr ten minutes, n the same dirty street crner. Old bttles, parts f ld bikes, and 1 [ˈempti] sda cans culd be seen here and there 2 [əˈraʊnd] the bus stp. The trees were brwn and had n 3 (leaf),and there weren’t any flwers at all.
One Friday, ne f the children lked at the crner and 4 (decide) t d smething abut it. The next Mnday, she brught a bag and cllected sme f the ld bttles t recycle. On 5 , she went with her best friend Judy. She spent anther ten minutes 6 (pick) up ld bttles, while Judy picked up sda cans and put them in different bags fr recycling. On Wednesday, all the children jined tgether. The crner became much 7 (clean)than befre!
The crner lked better, but it was still ugly. 8 the next day, the girl brught sme flwer seeds. She planted the seeds and watered 9 , and watered the trees, t. It nly tk ten minutes a day but that was enugh.
A few mnths later, this crner became a beautiful 10 [ˈgɑːdn] with many flwers and trees.
It nly tk ten minutes a day. D yu have ten minutes a day t help yur city?
十一
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Befre paper was invented, peple wrte r drew n materials such as bamb, 1 /sɪlk/, animal hide, and wden blcks. Writing materials were 2 (real) expensive and few peple learned t read. Therefre, few peple wrte. This all changed, thanks 3 a man named Cai Lun.
Paper had already existed(存在) in China, but the prcess fr 4 (prduce) it was difficult and the paper was f lw quality. Cai Lun began experimenting(试验) with many different materials and different 5 (methd) t turn thse materials int paper. In the year 105, he made it frm tree bark, bamb, clth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was 6 (strng) and cheaper than any paper that had been made befre.
With Cai Lun’s papermaking methd, Chinese culture 7 /ɡruː/ mre rapidly ver the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier t share 8 mre peple learned t read. The use f paper spread abrad, helping 9 /ˈʌðə/ cultures recrd and spread their ideas. Tday, Cai Lun is cnsidered a natinal her in China. But 10 whle wrld shuld remember the clever Chinese papermaker frever.
十二
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Lnnie Jhnsn always lved taking things apart(分开).He 1 /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/put them back tgether. Other times he made new things frm different 2 (part). He learned hw t use tls frm his dad.
At 13, Lnnie put an ld engine(发动机)n a hmemade g-cart. He lved driving it arund. He dreamed f being 3 inventr. By high schl, Lnnie built a remte-cntrl rbt frm sme waste things. This wn him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called 4 “The Little Scientist”.In cllege, Lnnie was an excellent student. After that, he 5 (becme)an Air Frce fficer, rcket scientist and business leader. 6 he never stpped inventing. Yu may have played with his mst famus inventin—the Super Saker, a kind f water gun. Lnnie gt the idea fr this 7 /tɔɪ/while wrking n anther inventin. When he tested a hmemade part in his bathrm, it sht water 8 /əˈkrɒs/the rm.
Tday, Dr. Lnnie Jhnsn has mre than 100 9 (use)inventins. Hwever, he still keeps 10 (try)new things.
十三
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
The Chngyang Festival is a traditinal Chinese festival. It is celebrated n the ninth day f the ninth lunar mnth. It?s als 1 (call)the Duble Ninth Festival.
The festival started as 2 /ˈɜːli/as the Warring States Perid(475—221 BC). It has a histry f mre than 1,700 years. Amng the numbers frm zer t nine, nine is the 3 (high) dd number(奇数). Peple believe that tw“nines”meeting tgether stand fr a lng life. S it is a special hliday 4 Chinese peple t shw lve and respect fr their elders. They hld many 5 (kind)f activities in hnr f ld peple, wishing them gd 6 /helɵ/and a lng life.
The festival cmes during the glden time f 7 /fɔːl/. On the day, peple traditinally drink chrysanthemum(菊花)wine, eat Duble-Ninth Cakes 8 climb muntains. They als carry a kind f plant named dgwd. Peple in ancient times believed that 9 plant culd drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them frm 10 (catch)an illness in winter.
十四
阅读下面短文,根据中文、首字母、音标或语境的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,要求所填的单词意义准确,拼写正确。
In New Yrk City public schls, 176 different languages are spkena 1 mre than ne millin students. Fr 160,000 children, English is nt their first language. New Yrk’s Department f Educatin makes learning b 2 fr these students by prviding dual-language(双语)prgrams. Students are taught in tw languages, English and 3 ne, such as French, German r Japanese. Math, scial studies, science and all ther regular curses are taught in bth languages. And they learn abut the 4 /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ f the ther cuntry.
Milady Baez, a headmaster, says these dual-language prgrams will help children succeed in the future. “The jbs f the future 5 /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ that ur students knw mre than ne language. They’re ging t travel 6 (在国外) and cmmunicate with peple frm all ver the wrld. This will pen drs fr them.”
Shuya Zhang 7 (教) a dual-language class. She says, “America started ecnmic relatinships with China. Lts f factries were b 8 ;cmpanies mved t China. They need peple with bth language skills.”
Anna, a Russian girl came t America 9 she was tw years ld. She says the Russian-English prgram keeps her cnnected t her heritage and her parents happy.
Nwadays, mre and mre 10 (外国人) cme t China. Perhaps in the future, yur schl will als prvide them with the dual-language prgram.
十五
阅读下面的短文,根据中文、音标或语境的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词。
On April 21, the Olympic flame (火焰) was lit at the Temple f Hera in suthern Greece. This 1 (mean) the 2016 Ri de Janeir Olympic Games in August is cming clse.
The flame was first lit at the 1928 games in Amsterdam. S far, abut 90 years has passed and the flame has traveled arund the wrld, reaching Munt Everest and even uter 2 /speɪs/.
The Olympic flame stands 3 the psitive ideas that man has always cnnected with fire. It is als a 4 /brɪdʒ/ between the ancient and mdern Olympic Games.
It is a traditin t pass the flame arund 5 the start f the Olympic Games. This is called the trch relay. Fr the Ri Olympics, there will be abut 12,000 trchbearers (火炬手) during the relay. The special thing is, fr the first time in 6 /ˈhɪstri/, a Syrian refugee (叙利亚难民) was amng the trchbearers wh passed the trch in Greece. It wanted t shw a message:sprts can 7 the wrld better. There are als sme Chinese faces that yu may knw, fr example, Chinese 8 (act) Yang Yang, wh just finished passing the flame in Greece.
十六
阅读下面短文,根据中文、首字母、音标或语境的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,要求所填的单词意义准确,拼写正确。
The Silk Rad is a histrically imprtant internatinal trade rute(路线)between China and the Mediterranean(地中海).It began 1 (在……期间)the Western Han Dynasty and has been a b 2 between East and West fr ver 2,000 years.
The ancient rad started frm Chang?an(nw Xi?an) and ended in Eastern 3 [ˈjʊərəp],near tday?s Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea.It was abut 6,500 kilmeters lng and went acrss ne-furth f the planet.
The Silk Rad gt its name b 4 Chinese silk used t be carried alng this rad.Silk,jade,ceramics and irn w 5 west t Rme.And frm the west came glass,gems and fd like carrts and sesame.
The Silk Rad was very imprtant t bth China and the rest f the wrld.It was 6 than an ancient internatinal trade rute.Besides trade, 7 [ˈnɒlɪdʒ]abut arts,science and literature,as well as crafts(工艺)and technlgies was 8 (分享)acrss the Silk Rad.In this way,languages and cultures 9 (发展)and influenced each ther.
Tday,alng the Silk Rad there’re many places f 10 ,such as the Terractta Warrirs in Xi?an and Mga Grttes in Dunhuang.Nw a new train line runs frm Beijing acrss the Silk Rad.
十七
阅读下面的短文,根据中文、音标或语境的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词。
The Milan Wrld Expsitin (博览会) started n May 1st, and will run until Octber 31st. Its theme is “Feeding the planet, Energy fr life”. There are 145 cuntries at the expsitin. They pay special attentin 1 fd safety and ther fd prblems. Yu can see this theme frm their pavilins(场馆).
Germany
The cuntry’s pavilin is the largest ne in the expsitin. It is 2 (称作) “Fields f Ideas”. Peple can get int the pavilin alng a slpe (斜坡). The slpe is made f different kinds f 3 /wud/. That makes it lk like a German field with wild grass and flwers. Inside the pavilin, there are shws including hw t 4 /ɡrəʊ / different kinds f fd. At the suthwest 5 (角落) f the pavilin, peple can enjy sme plays.
China
Lk at this pavilin. It has the theme “Hpeful farmland, the surce f life”. And it is the 6 (第二) largest pavilin in the expsitin. Peple used bamb 7 the rf f the building. This way, sunlight can shine thrugh. In the pavilin, sme shws are abut the traditinal ways f making fd such as tfu and 8 / tiː/. There are als shws abut China’s agriculture.
十八
根据短文内容和以下提示:1)首字母提示,2)语境提示,3)汉语提示,在每一个空格内填上一个适当的英语单词。所填单词要求意义正确,拼写正确。
These days ur gvernment is aiming t build an “ecnmized (节约) sciety”. 1 (作为) students, yu can d smething that yu can.
First, save things. Yu’d better walk t schl r 2 a bike instead f taking a car. Turn ff the l 3 as sn as yu leave the classrm. Remember t turn ff the tap right after washing yur hands. When yu g ut t eat in a 4 (餐馆), ask fr smaller dishes and take leftvers (剩菜) h 5 . Befre yu buy smething new, think 6 it is necessary r nt.
Secnd, use things fr as lng as p 7 . When yu buy things, make sure that they can 8 a lng time. Dn’t use a paper cup r a paper bag. It’s better t use a china cup because yu can use it again.
Finally, cllect what can be 9 (回收利用) in yur classrm, such as waste paper and sft drink cans. They can save mney and prtect the envirnment.
In general, I think ne thing we shuld keep in mind is that 10 matter what a small effrt we make, it will make a difference.
元音
单元音
前元音
[iː]
[ɪ]
[e]
[æ]
中元音
[ʌ]
[ɜː]
[ə]
后元音
[uː]
[ʊ]
[ɔː]
[ɒ]
[aː]
双元音
开合双
元音
[eɪ]
[aɪ]
[ɔɪ]
[əʊ]
[aʊ]
集中双
元音
[ɪə]
[eə]
[ʊə]
辅音
爆破音
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]
浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]
摩擦音
清辅音
[f]
[s]
[ʃ]
[ɵ]
[h]
浊辅音
[v]
[z]
[ʒ]
[ð]
破擦音
清辅音
[tʃ]
[tr]
[ts]
浊辅音
[dʒ]
[dr]
[dz]
鼻音
(浊辅音)
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]
舌侧音
(浊辅音)
[l]
[r]
半元音
(浊辅音)
[w]
[j]