必刷卷04-2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（北京专用）

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绝密★启用前
2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷04
北京地区专用


北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。第一次考试将于2021年12月11日进行，第二次考试将于2022年3月19日进行。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+ 短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+ 阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）



本套试卷完形填空是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ella建立了一个非营利组织。短文填空（A篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国“高考”SAT迎来大改；B篇是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了人类首次成功接受猪心脏移植；C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空探索）。阅读理解（A篇是是一篇应用文。介绍了欧洲四个廉价旅馆；B篇是一篇记叙文。介绍了Jennifer Williams志愿捐书的爱心故事；C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能城市的优势和发展前景；D篇是议论文。讨论了各个学校是否应该禁止学生们使用发光的塑料小亮片）。七选五是一篇说明文。讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁。阅读表达是一篇说明文。介绍了二手屏幕时间的概念和危害。书面表达是应用文。

（满分100分；考试时间：90分钟）
第一部分　知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.
Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.
Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.
Ella contacted her parents’ friends, asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.
Watching those in need receive a bed, a table — whatever — was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”
“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.
Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.
1．A．plan B．job C．way D．task
2．A．occasionally B．completely C．frequently D．slightly
3．A．explain B．understand C．expect D．recall
4．A．met B．built C．meant D．kept
5．A．arrange B．sell C．fix D．donate
6．A．left B．found C．improved D．thanked
7．A．looked up B．reached out C．held on D．gave in
8．A．quiet B．cold C．small D．empty
9．A．promising B．puzzling C．amazing D．pressing
10．A．purpose B．freedom C．hope D．guidance
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ella意识到今后将要依靠自己，独立生活后，建立了一个非营利组织，以此帮助那些脱离寄养的年轻人，为他们提供家具，给他们的生活带来希望和信心。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然计划没有成功，但Ella经常发现自己在想那个孩子。A. plan计划；B. job工作；C. way方式；D. task任务。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”可知，Ella的父母考虑收养一个孩子。故推知想要收养一个孩子是Ella父母的计划，故选A。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我和我的家人真的很亲近，无法想象在18岁时要完全靠自己，”她说。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. completely完全地；C. frequently频繁地；D. slightly稍微地。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”及“I’m really close with my family”可知，Ella和家人很亲近，直到父母说收养一个孩子时，她才意识到要离开父母，一个人生活。故推知Ella此前完全没有想过在18岁时，要完全靠自己，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Ella访问了儿童服务中心，并列出了一系列问题，试图了解长大了是什么样子。A. explain解释；B. understand了解；C. expect期待；D. recall回想，回忆起。根据““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being 　　2　　 on my own at 18,” she says.”及“One question was “What’s not being 　　4　　 for these young people?”.”可知，Ella没有独自生活过，所以通过提问题，来了解长大后的样子，故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是“年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？”A. met遇见；B. built建造；C. meant意味着；D. kept继续。根据上文““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being 　　2　　 on my own at 18,” she says.”可知，Ella从未想象离开父母，自己独自生活。故推知Ella不知道独自生活后会遇到什么事，所以她想知道，年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella联系了她父母的朋友，问他们是否有闲置的家具可以捐赠。A. arrange安排；B. sell卖；C. fix安装；D. donate捐赠。根据下文“As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people.”可知，这些床等家具都是别人捐的，故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她成立了Chair-ity，这是一个非营利组织，为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具。A. left离开；B. found发现；C. improved改善；D. thanked感谢。根据“Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to 　　3　　 what aging out looked like.”可知，Ella想要了解离开寄养的年轻人是什么样子，并要帮助他们。故此处Ella想为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具，故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当汉娜联系Chair-ity时，Ella问她需要什么。“一切，”她回答。A. looked up找；B. reached out联系；C. held on抓紧；D. gave in屈服。根据“Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture.”可知，汉娜买不起任何家具，希望得到帮助，所以联系能捐赠她家具的Chair-ity，故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她发现她曾经空荡荡的公寓里有一套齐全的厨房设备，一张床和一张桌子时，她说：“这真的减轻了我的压力。”A. quiet安静的；B. cold冷的；C. small小的；D. empty空的。根据上文“When Hannah 　　7　　 to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied.”可知，汉娜需要所有的东西，故推知她的新房子是空的，什么都没有，故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“想到多年来从未想过的事情可以给某人带来如此多的幸福，真是太令人惊喜了，”Ella说。A. promising有希望的，有前途的；B. puzzling使人困惑的；C. amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据上文“When she found her once 　　8　　 apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望和幸福。故推知为他人捐赠家具会带给人幸福和惊喜，故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信这些捐献物给这些年轻人带来了希望和信心。A. purpose意图；B. freedom自由；C. hope希望；D. guidance指导。根据“When she found her once 　　8　　 apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望。故捐赠物给年轻人带来了生活的希望和信心。故选C。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的
空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
The maker of a test some colleges use to decide who to accept, the SAT, said it will stop offering students paper tests by 2024.The SAT is a standardized test. That means it is the same for everyone who ____11____ (take) it on the same date. The College Board in New York City creates the SAT and PSAT tests. Most American students take these tests ____12____ applying to college. The organization said it will no longer provide paper tests for international students in 2023 and, a year later, for American students. The company that produces the SAT said Tuesday the test will move to a computer version in future years. The test also will be one hour ____13____ (short) and given to students on a computer, the organization said. However, students will still need to take the test at a school or testing center.
【答案】
11．takes 12．before 13．shorter
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国“高考”SAT迎来大改：取消纸质考试。
11．考查动词时态。句意：这意味着在同一天参加考试的人都是一样的。由主句谓语动词means可知，空处定语从句的谓语动词也需用一般现在时态，先行词是不定代词everyone，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填takes。
12．考查介词。句意：大多数美国学生在申请大学之前都要参加这些考试。结合句意和常识可知，美国学生申请大学前，需要参加SAT和 PSAT考试，由此可知，此处需用介词before。故填before。
13．考查形容词比较级。句意：该组织说，考试时间也将缩短一个小时，而且是在电脑上进行的。结合文章第一句话可知，因为将要进行无纸化考试，所以考试时间比以前缩短一个半小时，所以空处形容词需用比较级。故填shorter。
B
The first successful organ transplant using a pig's heart to a living human patient has taken place, leading to hopes that one day "xenotransplantation"(异种器官移植) ____14____ (become) a game-changer. In a world ____15____ many desperately ill people die each day waiting on the organ donor list, technology that enables kidneys and hearts grown from animal sources would be a huge breakthrough. Advances in genetic engineering in the last few years have been pivotal in making this a reality. The gene editing tool CRISPR has made it easier for scientists ____16____ (edit) the genes of the pig's heart, making it less likely to express a particular protein that will lead it to be rejected by the human body.
【答案】
14．will become 15．where 16．to edit
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了人类首次成功接受猪心脏移植，患者术后状况良好。
14．考查动词时态。句意：首例将猪心脏移植到活人身上的器官移植已经成功，人们希望有朝一日“异种移植”能改变局面。由时间状语one day可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时，表示将来要发生的动作。故填will become。
15．考查定语从句。句意：在这个世界上，每天都有许多绝望的人在等待器官捐赠名单时死去，用动物器官培育肾脏和心脏的技术将是一个巨大的突破。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是world，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
16．考查动词不定式。句意：基因编辑工具CRISPR使科学家更容易编辑猪心脏的基因，使其不太可能表现导致人体排斥它的特定蛋白质。make it+ adj+ to do sth.使做某事……，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to edit。
C
Space exploration began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin ____17____ (become) the first person to orbit(环绕) the earth in 1961. In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk ____18____ the moon. Since then, space exploration has advanced very ____19____ (rapid). It has produced, much ____20____ (amaze) technology that brings changes to the world.
【答案】
17．became 18．on 19．rapidly 20．amazing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空探索及其它的的变化。
17．考查时态。句意：在1961年，Yuri Gagarin成为第一位环绕地球轨道的人。根据时间状语in 1961可知，时态应是一般过去时，故谓语动词变过去式，故填became。
18．考查介词。句意：1969年，Neil Armstrong是第一个在月球上行走的人。根据句意可知，此处考查短语on the moon，表示“在月球上”。介词on表示“在……上”，故填on。
19．考查副词。句意：从那时起，太空探索取得了非常快速的进展。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词rapidly，作状语，修饰advanced，表示“讯速地”，故填rapidly。
20．考查形容词。句意：它产生了许多令人惊叹的技术，为世界带来了改变。根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词amazing，作定语，修饰名词technology，表示“令人惊叹的”，故填amazing。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A special place to stay can make a holiday — but also break the bank. We have picked new affordable places across Europe for €150 a room a night or less.
Scourie Hotel
Doubles from €129
Opened October 2015
This hotel has been adored by fishing fans for generations. When the Campbell family bought it six years ago, they updated it with gentle, stylish furnishings. There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.
Ho36 Hotel
Doubles from €109
Opened December 2017
This hotel offers the rarest of things — ski accommodation that is both affordable and stylish. Guests can ski or snowboard from the front door. There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.
Conscious Hotel
Doubles from €120
Opened April 2016
This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind. The restaurant is fully organic and the bedrooms simple with contemporary elements. The hotel overlooks the Westerpark, one of Amsterdam’s biggest green spaces.
Dock Hotel
Doubles from €150
Opened May 2014
This large hotel on the Baltic coast is made from shipping containers. The industrial theme continues inside,with concrete walls, exposed pipes, and more containers. The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.
21．Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A．Scourie Hotel. B．Ho36 Hotel. C．Conscious Hotel. D．Dock Hotel.
22．What is special about Conscious Hotel?
A．It is old-fashioned. B．It has the longest history.
C．It is environment-friendly. D．It offers the biggest green space.
23．What can the guests of Scourie Hotel and Dock Hotel do?
A．Update the furniture. B．Walk on the beach.
C．Appreciate architecture. D．Visit industrial fairs.
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇广告，介绍了欧洲四个廉价旅馆。
21．细节理解题。根据Ho36 Hotel部分的“There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.(这里有两个热闹的酒吧，有现场音乐和定期的DJ之夜，还有一家餐厅提供丰盛的阿尔卑斯美食和电影之夜)”可知，Ho36 Hotel有两间热闹的酒吧，还有供应美食和电影的餐厅，所以它适合那些喜欢活跃社交生活的人，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据Conscious Hotel部分的“This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind.(这家由荷兰可持续品牌意识设计的第四家酒店是第一家完全由风力驱动的酒店)”可知，Conscious Hotel的特殊之处是，它第一个完全由风力驱动的酒店，即环境友好型的酒店，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据Scourie Hotel部分的“There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.(这里有一系列壮观的海滩等着你去发现，包括有金色沙滩的斯科瑞湾)”以及Dock Hotel部分的“The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.(酒店距离海滩步行12分钟)”可知，这两个酒店的游客都可去沙滩上走走。故选B。
B
The Book Lady
It was Jennifer Williams's mother who got her hooked on books. A librarian, she read to her three children every day. “Not until we went to kindergarten,” Williams told vadogwood.com, a local news site. “Until we went to college.”

When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized that some kids had limited access to books.
“It's very obvious to teachers of young children which kids are read to versus kids who are not,” she said. “It's obvious at the end of the first day of school.” To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Danville, she gave away 900 used children's books over three days. Most people would be satisfied with that.
“I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that's going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.”
So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an unreachable number, but as Williams posted on Facebook: “Don't complain in the bleachers if you aren't willing to work hard out on the field.”
So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as news of Williams's project spread, strangers started leaving piles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools—free of charge—and also supplies books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also hosts a book club for prisoners in the local prison.
In the four years she's been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books—only 922,000 more to reach her goal! And she's not slowing down. It's too important for kids with few options.
“Reading can take you anywhere,” she told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.”
24．What made Willian interested in reading?
A．Her children's hobby. B．Her mother's influence.
C．A stranger's encouragement. D．A teacher's impact.
25．Why did William originally contribute so many books?
A．To satisfy most people. B．To celebrate the civic event.
C．To help students love reading. D．To stretch her faith and work ethic.
26．How did William collect books for her goal?
A．By asking her friends to buy books. B．By attaining books from the prison.
C．By getting donation from free libraries. D．By receiving donated books from strangers.
27．According to the passage, what words can best describe William?
A．helpful and ambitious. B．respectable and innocent.
C．hardworking and adventurous. D．determined and humorous.
【答案】
24．B 25．C 26．A 27．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jennifer Williams志愿捐书的爱心故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was Jennifer Williams's mother who got her hooked on books.”（是詹妮弗·威廉姆斯的母亲让她迷上了书。）可知，她母亲的影响使威廉对阅读产生了兴趣，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had.”（她希望她的学生像她一样爱上阅读）可知，为了帮助孩子们热爱阅读，她开始捐书，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第六段中“So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books.”（于是她开始工作，首先是拉拢朋友们捐书或出钱买书。）可知，她通过让她的朋友买书来收集书籍，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books.”（对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。）可知，她乐于助人；根据第五段中“So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books.”（所以她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。）可知，她是很有野心的，故选A。
C
With intelligent systems and new-age networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report.
These cities will use 5G networks to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Cities like Boston, Baltimore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve people’s lives.
But what exactly does a smart city do? Let’s look at a few examples. In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic jam as they ride.
Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never had in the past,” Mrinalini Ingram told Tech Republic.
Of course, it will take time and money to turn our present cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already using smart technology in small ways. China, for example, is making investments in big cities like Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施).
28．What can a smart city actually do in people’s daily life?
A．A real-time traffic jam can be reported. B．More and more people will live in big cities.
C．It can replace workers to empty a trash can. D．People can ride bikes in an easier way.
29．What does the author mean by saying “Smart cities will be interactive”?
A．People in big cities will benefit from intelligent systems.
B．More and more big cities will use smart technology.
C．We will show a deeper passion for building our new cities.
D．We will communicate with the environment in a new way.
30．What is the author’s opinion about smart cities?
A．Critical. B．Neutral. C．Positive. D．Negative.
【答案】
28．A 29．D 30．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能城市的优势和发展前景。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic jam as they ride.(在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑自行车的人在骑车时检查空气质量和交通堵塞情况。)”可知，智慧城市在人们的日常生活中可以报告实时的交通堵塞。故选A。
29．句意猜测题。根据第四段“we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never had in the past(我们可以以一种从未有过的方式与环境进行沟通)”可知，“Smart cities will be interactive,”指的是“我们将以一种新的方式与环境沟通”。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段“With intelligent systems and new-age networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report.(有了智能系统和新时代的网络，大城市的生活可能会更快乐、更有效率。毕竟，根据联合国的一份报告，到2050年，预计将有超过60%的世界人口居住在城市。)”可推断，作者对智慧城市发展是是积极的、乐观的。故选C。
D
Glitter has long been a staple of the primary classroom. Space topic art project? Time to break out the glitter. Making cards to send home to parents? Glitter is necessary.
And yet, recent research suggests that glitter is actually bad for the environment. Several schools have even proposed a ban on using glitter in the classroom as a result.
The problem is that microplastics, including glitter, do not break up. When these small plastic are washed down the drain and reach the ocean, they can be eaten by fish,seabirds and other marine life, causing them harm. Now, as a measure to protect marine environments, scientists such as Dr Trisia Farrelly have gone so far as to suggest that “all glitter should be banned”.
Is a ban on glitter really necessary? Kevin O'Brien, Year 6 teacher, said, “I believe it to be a good idea if only to reduce the mess and wastage caused from its use. Many a time I have been told off by my cleaner.” However,   Gaynor Bright, a teacher, believes that “Banning glitter in schools won't make a huge difference,” she says. “Producing environmentally safe glitter is the answer.” One thing that O'Brien and Bright agree on, though, is that children should be taught about the harmful impact plastic has on our environment.
Would schools be willing to accept the change? Of the l,092 nursery workers surveyed, only 22 percent were in favour of banning glitter. O'Brien points out that it is perhaps not down to teachers' desire for the glitter, but “I would suggest that there are many more important issues such as a finance for schools, teacher pay and workload that are much more important than whether glitter should be banned or not,” he says.
“A ban on glitter is a step too far,” Gaynor says, “Education, not banning, is the only way to get our next group of potential adults and leaders to think carefully about their environmental impact.”
31．Why do some schools not allow using glitter?
A．It costs students too much money. B．It is littered everywhere at schools.
C．It does harm to the environment. D．It does harm to students' health.
32．The attitude of Kevin towards the ban of glitter is ________.
A．Neutral B．Doubtful C．unconcerned D．supportive
33．Who does Gaynor Bright think should be responsible for glitter?
A．Producers. B．Students. C．Teachers. D．Parents.
34．Which of the following is cared least by most schools?
A．Teacher pay. B．The ban of glitter. C．Workload. D．A finance for school.
【答案】
31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了各个学校是否应该禁止学生们使用发光的塑料小亮片，从而避免塑料对海洋动物造成危害。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And yet, recent research suggests that glitter is actually bad for the environment.( 然而，最近的研究表明，闪光粉实际上对环境有害)”可知，有些学校不允许使用闪光粉是因为对环境有害。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I believe it to be a good idea if only to reduce the mess and wastage caused from its use. Many a time I have been told off by my cleaner.(我相信这是一个好主意，如果只是为了减少使用它造成的混乱和浪费。我多次被我的清洁工骂了一顿)”可推知，Kevin对禁用闪光粉的态度是支持的。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, Gaynor Bright, a teacher, believes that “Banning glitter in schools won't make a huge difference,” she says. “Producing environmentally safe glitter is the answer.”(然而，Gaynor Bright，一位老师，相信“在学校禁止闪光粉不会有很大的区别，”她说，“答案是生产对环境安全的闪光粉。”)”可知，Gaynor Bright认为闪光粉应该由生产商负责。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I would suggest that there are many more important issues such as a finance for schools, teacher pay and workload that are much more important than whether glitter should be banned or not(我认为，有许多更重要的问题，如学校的财政，教师的工资和工作量，比是否应该禁止闪光粉更重要)”可知，禁止闪光粉是大多数学校最不关心的。故选B。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. ____35____ But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.
This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. ____36____
As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. ____37____ But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. ____38____ Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions.
____39____ It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.
A．The technology is thought advanced.
B．These can’t be caught by the human eye.
C．They recorded various activities of the people in the room.
D．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow.
E．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight.
F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.
G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.
【答案】
35．B 36．E 37．D 38．C 39．G
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及人们的活动等。
35．上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections.( 但是一项新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射。)”提到了一项可以扫描阴影和发射的新技术，下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.( 但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他们正在做什么在内的细节。)”说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由but可知，空处与下文是转折关系，B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，these指代上文“shadows and reflections”，与下文是转折关系。故选B。
36．上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner.( 这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动。)”阐述了这个工具的功能，可以在角落里监视，收集信息，E项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断E项“它还可以监控那些避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选E。
37．上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls.(当人们在房间里走动时，他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁上创造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”。)”讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，D项“cast a light reflected glow”话题一致，因此推断D项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，故选D。
38．上文“Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time.( Sharma和其他研究人员做了这个实验，他们拍摄房间里的一堵墙，让墙里的人四处走动，随着时间的推移，平均这些帧数。)”讲述实验人员拍摄下人们走动的情况下的墙面，讲述实验过程，下文“Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior.( 然后，该团队将这些视频输入机器学习模型，教它哪种柔软的阴影模式表示哪种行为。)”也是讲述实验过程，因此推断空处是讲述实验，因此推断C项“他们记录了房间里的人的各种活动。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。
39．下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.( 它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准的数码相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。)”说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G项“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各2 分，第42 题3 分，第43 题5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Many parents are watchful about their kids’ use of electronic devices and set strict limits for them to protect their children from the potentially harmful effects of too much screen time. But parents may be overlooking another device-related danger — secondhand screen time. It’s meant to mirror the danger in regard to secondhand smoking. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence.
Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive (过度的) device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.
Secondhand screen time is an issue parents need to be aware of regardless of their children’s age. Parents can take the following tips to reduce its impact.
➢Focus on quality time
A child’s cognitive, communication, social and emotional development happens via their relationships with their care providers. The more time parents spend looking at electronics, the less time they can devote to giving the kids their full attention. This doesn’t mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention.
➢Set an example
Parents often tell kids it’s important to control device use, but if their experience with parents from early age is watching parents use devices frequently, children are much more likely to follow that model. By setting a good example, parents are sending to their kids the message “do as I do”, which is more effective than “do as I say”.
40．What is secondhand screen time according to the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41．What problems does secondhand screen time bring to children?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43．Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways can you think of to reduce secondhand screen time? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
40．It is a device-related danger that children experience when parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children.
41．Secondhand screen time can cause addictive behaviours, a breakdown in the parent-child relationship and exposure to overly stimulating content.
42．➢ Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.
According to the passage, it’s not that parents should never use devices when a child is present. Parents just need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices.
43．Parents can install a software on their phones that can control how much time they spend on the devices. At the set time, their devices will automatically turn off, thus reducing the effect of secondhand screen time on their children.
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了二手屏幕时间的概念和危害，并就如何减少其危害，提出了一些建议。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“parents may be overlooking another device-related danger — secondhand screen time. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence(父母可能会忽视另一个与电子设备相关的危险———二手屏幕时间。当父母被电子设备分散注意力，只给予孩子部分关注时，孩子实际上正在遭受它的影响)”可知，二手屏幕时间实际上是一种与电子设备相关的危险。当父母被电子设备分散注意力，只给予孩子部分关注时，孩子就会遭受到电子设备的影响。故答案为It is a device-related danger that children experience when parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children.
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive (过度的) device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.(二手屏幕时间会带来负面影响。 如果孩子的父母花太多时间在他们的电子设备上，那么他们在成长过程中更有可能对电子设备上瘾。 过度使用手机还会让人觉得手机和手机上的活动比孩子更重要。 这可能会导致亲子关系的破裂。 当父母全神贯注于他们的设备时，他们可能没有意识到他们的孩子接触的是暴力或成熟的内容，或快速移动的图像，这些对孩子的大脑来说过于刺激)”可知，二手屏幕时间可能会使孩子对电子设备上瘾，家长和孩子关系破裂，让孩子接触过度刺激性的内容，比如暴力或成熟的内容等等。故答案为Secondhand screen time can cause addictive behaviours, a breakdown in the parent-child relationship and exposure to overly stimulating content.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This doesn’t mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention(这并不意味着父母和孩子在一起时绝不应该使用电子设备。 家长需要意识到，在没有电子设备的情况下，他们与孩子充分互动的频率有多高，并确保它们提供高质量的互动和关注)”可知，父母和孩子在一起时可以使用电子设备，而不是绝对不能使用电子设备。因此，so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children这种说法是错误的，应该根据题目要求在其下面画线。因此，父母和孩子在一起时并不是不可以使用电子设备。但是，父母要意识到在没有电子设备的情况下，他们与孩子的互动频率有多高。故答案为According to the passage, it’s not that parents should never use devices when a child is present. Parents just need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices.
43．考查推理判断。除去文章提到的建议，家长可以通过科技手段，强制减少自己对电子设备的使用，从而减少二手屏幕时间对孩子的影响。故答案可以为Parents can install a software on their phones that controls how much time they spend on the phone. At the set time, their devices will automatically turn off, thus reducing the effect of secondhand screen time on their children.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim给你发来邮件，提到他申请2022年北京冬奥会志愿者落选，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.建议以其它方式关注冬奥会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear Jim,
I'm really sorry to hear that you didn't make it. It is natural to feel disappointed. However, there is no need to worry, as there are various ways to get involved.
Even if you can't come in person, you can log onto the official website or apps to enjoy live or recorded broadcasts, which allows you to follow the events almost in real time. Also you can find reports on everyday life of the athletes in Beijing.
What's more, the audience are encouraged to share their comments on social media while enjoying the games. I think it might be interesting to share your thoughts online and meanwhile interact with both fans and athletes.
I believe you will enjoy yourself, so have fun in a new way!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回邮件安慰他北京冬奥志愿者落选并建议其它方式让他关注冬奥。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
不同的：various→different
参与：get involved → take part in
而且：What's more→besides
与此同时：meanwhile→at the same time
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I'm really sorry to hear that you didn't make it.
拓展句：Hearing that you didn’t make it, I am really sorry.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Even if you can't come in person, you can log onto the official website or apps to enjoy live or recorded broadcasts, which allows you to follow the events almost in real time.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句；运用which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]What's more, the audience are encouraged to share their comments on social media while enjoying the games.（while引导状语从句使用了省略句）