专题12 七选五之五年高考真题+思维导图 (2021+2016题组)--2022年高考英语第二轮复习小题狂练

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2021年真题题组
Passage 1
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swap, Dn’t shp!
Yu keep hearing abut recycling, right? But it desn't end with bttles, cans, and paper. Clthing takes a huge amunt f natural resurces（资源）t make, and buying lads f new clthing (r thrwing ut ld clthing) is nt healthy fr the envirnment. S what t d with all thse perfectly-gd-but-yu're-maybe-a-little-sick-f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr? 1 . It's the best way t get rid f yur used clthes, scre clthes frm yur friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
●Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. 2 , and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
● 3 . They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme.
●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm. 4 . Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
●Set a starting time. Maybe yu say “g,” r turn n a certain sng, r whatever. 5 . And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F. Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
1. B。上文提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hld a clthing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。
2. A。上文说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“mre than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less peple than that”和下文中“mre than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。
3. G。下文说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin.”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的als也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyne。所以G项符合语境。
4. F。上文指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n.”提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts.”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。
5. D。上文指出打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing thrughut.”承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意。
Passage 2
Accrding t Jessica Hagy, authr f Hw t Be Interesting, it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party.
1 , if yu’re ut f yur cmfrt zne r if yu’re wandering int smebdy’s huse fr the first time. S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers.
Peple lve t talk abut themselves. If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living?”, yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t. 2 , it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
3 ? If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. 4 .
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment(赞扬). 5 . Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”
S being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. Hw d yu knw the hst
B. The first step is t g explring
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F. What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
G. He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
1. B。根据上文可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is t g explring”承上启下，符合题意。
2. C。根据下文可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”能够承接下文，符合题意。
3. F。根据下文可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What abut the persn wh has had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。
4. E。根据上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。
5. G。根据上文可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst”承上启下，符合题意。
Passage 3
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 1 S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked. 2 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. 3 French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
4 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency (效率). Yu can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crwded. 5 When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历，体验了巴黎人的生活方式，不仅有昂贵的公寓、美味的食物，还有舒缓的生活节奏和令世人羡慕的35小时周工作制。
1. F。结合下句“ first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment...”可知，作者租赁了在六楼的公寓，暗示开始像法国人那样生活。
2. C。结合下句中的“even had a tiny lift”可知，这里谈的是公寓的设施，厨房、床、微型电梯等都属于这个范围。
3. G。结合上文中的“great fd”与下句中的“explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs”可知，这里描述的是食物的美味及带给人的愉悦。
4. E。上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因，本段继续说另一个原因，故选E承上启下。
5. A。结合下句，作者提出“When d these peple wrk”的疑问，暗示这里的顾客并不都是游客，很多是法国人。
Passage 4
If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly. 1
Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable. Yu need a seat which supprts yur back and the bk shuld be at the right distance frm yur eyes. 2
3 Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. This will help yu t decide whether yu really need t read the whle bk r nly certain parts f it. Ten minutes spent in this way culd save yu quite a lt f time in the lng run.
If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time. 4 A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects. In the frmer case yu may be able t read a chapter. In the latter yu may nly be able t read ne page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu. 5 . Nte als the facts imprtant fr yur purpse as well as anything which leads yu t further research. Yu dn't have t write these things in detail. It is enugh t put the page number and ne r tw wrds as a reminder.
A. Stp t have a rest nw and then.
B. Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.
C. This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.
D. Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.
E. Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.
F. Yu may find yurself having t learn smething by heart.
G. Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
1. D。根据上文“If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。
2. G。根据本段主题句“Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。
3. B。空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。
4. C。根据上文“If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。
5. E。根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。
Passage 5
Yu’ve gt mail…and it’s a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme’s Clsseum. Or Africa’s Victria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 1
"I ften send pstcards t family and friends." he says t China Daily, "but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it 2 ” Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline. Many wuld say the Internet is a place fr peple wh have given up n the traditinal pstal service, but Paul’s hunch（直觉）paid ff.
Tday his hbby has develped int the website pstcrssing.cm, a scial netwrk that has grwn t 575,217 registered users in 214 cuntries and regins since he started it 10 years ag. 3 Running the website has almst turned int a full-time jb.
Language is certainly a barrier fr many peple. Fr pstcrssing t wrk wrldwide, a cmmn cmmunicatin language is needed s that everyne can understand each ther. As cl as it may be t receive a pstcard written in Chinese, the cncept desn’t wrk if ne desn’t understand it. 4 S a cmmn language is required and in pstcrssing that’s English since it’s widely spken.
"Many peple in China have limited expsure t English. 5 That said, we knw f many pstcrssing members, including Chinese, wh have actually imprved their English skills thrugh their use f pstcrssing," Paul says.
A. And that’s ttally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it.
C. He likes t think f sending pstcards as a family-friendly hbby.
D. Many lve t make a cnnectin with smene frm acrss the wrld.
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍Paul Magalhaes创建pstcrssing.cm的过程及目前所取得的成就。
1. G。由上文可知，该段在描述 Paul Magalhaes 喜欢打开邮箱收到照片的事实，所以G项“简而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋”，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为G。
2. A。根据上文中和下文“Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline.”可知，Paul Magalhaes 收到的明信片并没有寄出去的多，并意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样，但是他没有气馁，而是转而在网上寻找其他志同道合的人，所以A项“这完全没问题”，承上启下，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
3. E。根据上文可知，此处主要在描述 Paul Magalhaes 创建的网站所取得的成就，所以E项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为E。
4. F。根据上文可知，此处在描述语言障碍，所以F项“同样，如果你只会说中文，那么收到瑞典语的卡片就会失去一部分乐趣”，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为F。
5. B。根据上文“Many peple in China have limited expsure t English.”可知，此处在描述一些人对英语并不熟练这一现象，其导致的结果便是他们使用 pstcrssing 会比较困难，所以B项“这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难”，承接上文，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
Passage 6
Yu run int the grcery stre t pick up ne bttle f water. Yu get what yu need, head t the frnt, and chse the line that lks fastest.
Yu chse wrng. Peple wh yu swear gt in ther lines lng after yu are already checked ut and ff t the parking lt. 1
It turns ut, it’s just math wrking against yu; chances are, the ther line really is faster.
Grcery stres try t have enugh emplyees at checkut t get all their custmers thrugh with minimum delay. 2 Any small interruptin— a price check, a chatty custmer—can have dwnstream effects, hlding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the stre, delays will happen randmly at different registers. Think abut the prbability: 3 S it’s nt just in yur mind: Anther line prbably is mving faster.
Researchers have a gd way t deal with this prblem. Make all custmers stand in ne lng, snaking line — called a serpentine line — and serve each persn at the frnt with the next available register. 4 This is what they d at mst banks and fast-fd restaurants. With a serpentine line, a lng delay at ne register wn’t unfairly punish the peple wh lined up behind it. Instead, it will slw dwn everyne a little bit but speed up checkut verall.
5 It takes many registers t keep ne line mving quickly, and sme stres can’t affrd the space r manpwer. S wherever yur next wait may be: Gd luck.
A. Why des this always seem t happen t yu?
B. S why dn’t mst places encurage serpentine lines?
C. Sme f them may have std in a queue fr almst an hur.
D. The chances f yur line being the fastest are nly ne in three.
E. Hw high is the prbability that yu are in the fastest waiting line?
F. With three registers, this methd is much faster than the traditinal apprach.
G. But smetimes, as n a Sunday afternn, the system gets particularly busy.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，分析了在杂货店排队结账是出现的一种现象并提出了解决办法。
1. A。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的 It turns ut, it’s just math wrking against yu; chances are, the ther line really is faster.点明了结论，所以空白处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配。
2. G。空白处前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故G项符合语境。G项中的busy呼应下文的small interruptin, hlding up an entire line。
3. D。空前的 prbability与D项中的 chances和 ne in three I呼应同时D项与空后一句“S it’s nt just in yur mind: Anther line prbably is mving faster”意义一致，符合语境。
4. F。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法:让所有人排成一队，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F项能很好地承接上文，同时F项中的this methd是空后This的指代对象。
5. B。空后一句解释了很多商店不采用只排一个队伍结账的办法的原因。故B项符合语境。
Passage 7
Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple. ____1____ The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued. Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes.
____2____Hwever, fr the same reasn, music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain, music, peple say, can lwer stress and anxiety levels. This, f curse, can lead t less pain.
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed. ____3____While the validity f the idea is still being assessed, the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure. Similarly, accrding t researchers, listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels, thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety.
When it cmes t heart health, there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music, but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health. In ne Eurpean study, participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure. ____4____ On the ther hand, when the music slwed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit.
____5____But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr, which is what makes music s valuable.
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems.
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud.
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep.
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly, the mre cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
1. 空格后说“The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的）, F选项It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits, 因此F选项切合题意, 故选F。
2. 空格后说“Hwever, fr the same reasn, music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain”（然而, 出于同样的原因, 当一个人处于痛苦中时, 音乐是非常有益的）, Hwever表转折, 因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价, B选项Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud中的harmful就是负面评价, 因此B选项切合题意, 故选B。
3. 空格前说“Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐）, D选项They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep中的sleep和ging t bed相呼应, 因此D选项切合题意, 故选D。
4. 空格前说“In ne Eurpean study, participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中, 参与者听音乐, 研究人员监测他们的心率和血压）, G选项Interestingly, the mre cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应, 因此G选项切合题意, 故选G。
5. 空格后说“But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr, which is what makes music s valuable”（但是, 开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益, 这就是音乐如此有价值的原因）, 因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处, E选项The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的, 因此E选项切合题意, 故选E。
专题09 七选五之五年高考真题--2022年高考英语第二轮复习小题狂练
2016年真题题组
Passage 1
Secret cdes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, cmpanies, and gvernment agencies use secret cdes in ding business, especially when infrmatin is sent by cmputer.
Peple have used secret cdes fr thusands f years. 1 Cde breaking never lags (落后) far behind cde making. The science f creating and reading cded messages is called cryptgraphy.
There are three main types f cryptgraphy. 2 Fr example, the first letters f "My elephant eats t many eels" spell ut the hidden message "Meet me."
3 Yu might represent each letter with a number, fr example. Let's number the letters f the alphabet, in rder, frm 1 t 26. If we substitute a number fr each letter, the message "Meet me" wuld read "13 5 5 20 13 5."
A cde uses symbls t replace wrds, phrases, r sentences. T read the message f a real cde, yu must have a cde bk. 4 Fr example, "bridge" might stand fr "meet" and "ut" might stand fr "me." The message "Bridge ut" wuld actually mean "Meet me." 5 Hwever, it is als hard t keep a cde bk secret fr lng. S cdes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard t break a cde withut the cde bk.
B. In any language, sme letters are used mre than thers.
C. Only peple wh knw the keywrd can read the message.
D. As lng as there have been cdes, peple have tried t break them.
E. Yu can hide a message by having the first letters f each wrd spell it ut.
F. With a cde bk, yu might write dwn wrds that wuld stand fr ther wrds.
G. Anther way t hide a message is t use symbls t stand fr specific letters f the alphabet.
文章大意：文章主要介绍了与密码学相关的编码与破解知识。
1. D。根据后面一句"Cde breaking never lags(落后) far behind cde making"可知，此空该选D（只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们）。
2. E。上句提到:有三种主要的密码设定方式。下句提到:例如，“ My elephant eats t many eels”的首字母就拼出了“ Meet me”这隐藏起来的信息。由此可知本句应该为一种密码的设定方式，根据下句举到的例子可知E项正确，意为“你可以用每个单词的首字母拼写出一条信息，以此来隐藏它。
3. G。上段指出有三种主要的密码设定方式，并且已经提到了种，本段应该指出另外一种。下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式，由此可知G项能起到统领本段的作用，意为“另外一种隐藏信息的方式就是用符号来代替字母表中特定的字母。”
4. F。上句指出:要解读某个真实密码的信息，你必须要有密码本。本句是对上句的解释说明，结合下文举到的例子，可推断出本句主要解释如何利用密码本来破解隐藏起来的信息。F项符合语境，意为“拥有了密码本，你也许就能写出代表其他单词的单词。”
5. A。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。A项是总结上文内容得出的结论，意为“没有密码本就很难破解密码”，而且根据下句…… it is als hard t.”的句型结构也可得知A项符合语境。
Passage 2
A garden that's just right fr yu
Have yu ever visited a garden that seemed just right fr yu, where the atmsphere f the garden appeared t ttal mre than the sum (总和) f its parts? 1 . But it desn't happen by accident. It starts with lking inside yurself and understanding wh yu are with respect t the natural wrld and hw yu apprach the gardening prcess.
● 2
Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants, flwers, patterns and masses f clr. Others are cncerned abut using gardening methds that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 . Hwever, there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. One f them cmes frm ur earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) yur childhd memries
Our mdel f what a garden shuld be ften ges back t childhd. Grandma's rse garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be gd r bad, but that's nt what's imprtant. 4 — hw being in thse gardens made us feel. If yu'd like t build a pwerful bnd with yur garden, start by taking sme time t recall the gardens f yur yuth. 5 . Then g utside and wrk ut a plan t translate yur childhd memries int yur grwn-up garden. Have fun.
A. Knw why yu garden
B. Find a gd place fr yur wn garden
C. It's ur experience f the garden that matters
D. It's delightful t see s many beautiful flwers
E. Still thers may simply enjy being utdrs and clse t plants
F. Yu can prduce that kind f magical quality in yur wn garden, t
G. Fr each f thse gardens, write dwn the strngest memry yu have
文章大意：本文介绍了如何搭建一个正好适合你的花园，亲近自然，体验园艺快乐，重温童年时代美好记忆。
1. F。根据文章首句及下文的"But it desn’t happen by accident"可知，这里是在讲"你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的"。故F项"Yu can prduce that kind f magical quality in yur wn garden, t"符合语境。
2. A。根据下文中的"a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden"可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。
3. E。根据上文的"Sme peple may think..."和"Others are cncerned abut..."可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的"Still thers may simply enjy..."与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。
4. C。根据上文的" that’s nt what’s imprtant"和下文中的"hw being in thse gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。
5. G。上文的"the gardens f yur yuth"以及下文的"yur childhd memries"与G项中的"thse gardens"和"the strngest memry yu have"相呼应，故选G项。
Passage 3
Everyne knws that fish is gd fr health. 1 But it seems that many peple dn't ck fish at hme. Americans eat nly abut fifteen punds f fish per persn per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at hme. Buying, string, and cking fish isn't difficult. 2 This text is abut hw t buy and ck fish in an easy way.
3 Fresh fish shuld smell sweet: yu shuld feel that yu're standing at the cean's edge. Any fishy r strng smell means the fish isn't fresh. 4 When yu have bught a fish and arrive hme, yu'd better stre the fish in the refrigeratr if yu dn't ck it immediately, but fresh fish shuld be stred in yur fridge fr nly a day r tw. Frzen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh ne.
There are many cmmn methds used t ck fish. 5 First, clean it and seasn it with yur chice f spices (调料). Put the whle fish n a plate and steam it in a steam pt fr 8 t 10 minutes if it weighs abut ne pund. (A larger ne will take mre time.) Then, it's ready t serve.
A. D nt buy it.
B. The easiest is t steam it.
C. This is hw yu can d it.
D. It just requires a little knwledge.
E. The fish will g bad within hurs.
F. When buying fish, yu shuld first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thught t help prevent heart disease.
文章大意：本文介绍了如何用简单的方法购买鱼和烹制鱼。
1. G。由第1空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。
2. D。空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选D"这只需要一点点知识就能做好"。
3. F。段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断F项正确。
4. A。第4空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。
5. B。本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用（以重约为一磅的鱼为例）。故选B项"最简单的方法是蒸"。
Passage 4
The Science f Risk-Seeking
Smetimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is wrth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth taking. 1 Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us. Why? Experts say it may have t d with hw ur brains wrk.
The reasn why any f us take any risks at all might have t d with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, r explring. 2 As the quality f risk-taking was passed frm ne generatin t the next, humans ended up with a sense f adventure and a tlerance fr risk.
S why aren't we all jumping ut f airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ag, t much risk-taking culd get ne killed. A few daring survived, thugh, alng with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans develped a range f character types that still exists tday. S maybe yu lve car racing, r maybe yu hate it. 3
N matter where yu are n the risk-seeking range, scientists say that yur willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years. 4 T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences. New experiences ften mean taking sme risks, s yur brain raises yur tlerance fr risk as well.
5 Fr the risk-seekers, a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.
As experts cntinue t study the science f risk-seeking, we'll cntinue t hit the muntains, the waves r the shallw end f the pl.
A. It all depends n yur character.
B. Thse are the risks yu shuld jump t take.
C. Being better at thse things meant a greater chance f survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped peple survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when yu start t mve away frm yur family and int the bigger wrld.
F. Hwever, we are nt all using the same reference standard t weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests ur brains wrk differently when we face a nervus situatin.
文章大意：本文讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。
1. F。选项F中的"weigh risks and rewards"与上文的"weigh the risk and the reward"相呼应，故F项符合语境。
2. C。选项C中的"Being better at thse things"与上文的"were better at hunting, fighting, r explring"相呼应，因此选C。
3. A。前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项"这完全是由你的性格决定的"符合语境。
4. E。根据上文的"yur years"及下文的"hunger fr new experiences..."可知E项符合语境。
5. G。根据空后的"Fr the risk- active"可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。
Passage 5
Bth men and wmen are living lnger these days in industrialized cuntries. 1 In general, they can expect t live six r seven years mre than men. One reasn fr this is bilgical.
One imprtant bilgical factr that helps wmen live lnger is the difference in hrmnes between men and wmen. 2 Between the ages f abut 12 and 50, wmen prduce hrmnes that are invlved in fertility (生育能力). These hrmnes als have a psitive effect n the heart and the bld flw. In fact, wmen are less likely t have high bld pressure r t die frm heart attacks.
3 They help the bdy defend itself against sme kinds f infectins. This means that wmen generally get sick less ften and less seriusly than men. The cmmn cld is a gd example: wmen, n average, get fewer clds than men.
4 Scientists are still nt exactly sure hw genes influence aging, but they believe that they d. Sme think that a wman's bdy cells have a tendency (倾向) t age mre slwly than a man's. Others think that a man's bdy cells have a tendency t age mre quickly. 5
A. Hwever, wmen, n average, live lnger.
B. The bilgical factr plays an imprtant part.
C. Wmen are als helped by their female genes.
D. The female hrmnes als prtect the bdy in anther way.
E. Recent research seems t supprt bth f these pssibilities.
F. Therefre, wmen are mre healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hrmnes are chemicals which are prduced by the bdy t cntrl varius bdy functins.
文章大意：文中分析了女性比男性长寿的原因。
1. A。根据空格后的"In general, they can expect t live six r seven years mre than men"可知，空格处讲的是平均来看，女人的寿命更长。同时，空格处所表达的内容与文章第一句构成转折关系。所以A项正确。
2. G。此处为过渡句，解释什么是荷尔蒙并谈及它的作用。所以G项正确。
3. D。由空格后的"They help the bdy defend itself against sme kinds f infectins"可知，该段讲的是荷尔蒙的其他功能。所以D项正确。
4. C。由空格后的"Scientists are still nt exactly sure hw genes influence think that a wman’s bdy cells have a tendency (倾向) t age mre slwly than a man’s"可知，本段主要讲了基因与衰老的关系。所以C项正确。
5. E。空处的前两句谈及了两个观点。所以E项正确。
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