完形填空40分钟专练03 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解名校模拟题重组练

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一、巧取语篇层次题
语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[典例] [2021·浙江卷节选]
[2]I was sent t the Crnad Natinal Frest fr my first 8-day __42____. We had t 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles t where we wrked. It may nt seem like a 44.lng way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were n fire.
……
[6]53.Needless t say, I suffered a lt. But I knw whatever I have t face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much 55.strnger fr having taken part in the prject.
42．A.tur B．prject
C．campaign D．curse
解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。
分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the prject”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Crnad Natinal Frest是为了一个8天的“项目”。
自主解答：________
名师点津：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。
技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题
[典例] [2021·全国卷乙]
[1]Simply saying thank yu desn't seem enugh in certain situatins. I was cnsidering this while wrking as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ag. And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different 42.grades f gratitude (感谢).
[2]My thughts were sn __43__. We had a wman patient wh was 44.recvering frm a knee replacement peratin. One afternn, while 45.attempting t get int bed she cllapsed (倒下) frm what was 46.eventually discvered t be a heart attack. The cllapse was disastrus, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk. But she recvered, thugh 48.slwly,__and was ready fr discharge (出院) after fur weeks.
43．A.brushed aside
B．put t the test
C．brught under discussin
D．taken int accunt
解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。
分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put t the test“使受考验，使受检验”；be taken int accunt“被考虑进去”。
自主解答：________
名师点津：
二、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
[典例] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes fr all its 42.stres thrughut Cleveland. It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr __43__ help during ur spring break, fr which I had n 44.plans beynd listening t my favrite recrds.
43．A.generus B．financial
C．technical D．temprary
分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“fr three whle days”和下文中的“during ur spring break”可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generus“慷慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temprary“临时的，暂时的”。
自主解答：________
易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
[典例] [2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit respnsibility fr my 56.actins，” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 57 ,t aplgize fr the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and t ask yu t 59.recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
57．A.hands in pckets B．nse in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet n the grund
分析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“... aplgize fr the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选hat in hand 恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项不符合语境：hands in pckets双手插兜；nse in the air目中无人；feet n the grund脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。
自主解答：________
易错点3 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[典例] [2021·天津卷]“It's a really great 33.experience fr kids，” said a neighbr in an interview with the lcal newspaper. “Pruitt is certainly prviding a 34.service,__but it's nt just the bikes. It's the relatinships in the cmmunity. It's the __35__ he can make n peple.”
35．A.cmprmise B．impressin
C．impact D．prgress
分析：本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项“cmprmise 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
自主解答：________
易错点4 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例1] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Our __48__ in the factry were simple：Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and bunny frm the belt.
48．A.jys B．ideas
C．rles D．chices
分析：根据下文中的“Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) the belt”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。rle除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用”。
自主解答：________
[典例2] [2018·浙江高考]One day I 46.met a frmer classmate f mine wh was 47.making a lt f mney running a sideline (副业).Since his regular jb was 48.bring,__I asked him why he just didn't d his sideline full-time. He said withut the jb, he wuld __49__ have t much time and wuld just d what I did back in 50.cllege. He said that if he 51.quit the jb, he wuld lse his 52.drive t wrk and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hpefully D．simply
分析：根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。由此可知正确选项。
自主解答：________
易错点5 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用“succeed t d sth.”来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait fr这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择fr。但在“He stpped his car t wait at the red light.”中就不用fr。
[典例] [2021·天津卷]Fr Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing t d was __19__ his stlen bike. But when he went bike shpping, he fund few available, which gt him thinking: What if the 20.lack f bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the persn wh'd taken his bike really needed 21.transprtatin t get t wrk?
19．A.ride B．lck
C．repair D．replace
分析：考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，“replace”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
自主解答：________
Test 1
[2021·南昌市一模]The rles we ften expect ur fathers t play, prtectr r prvider, can make them seem unapprachable. That's hw it was with my dad. He was a __1__ persn, wh was never much f a talker. I didn't want t __2__ his hard shell and had gtten used t it. That brught bth him and me the sense f __3__.
But when my life tk a hit a year ag, things had t __4__. I needed t knw hw he had fund his way, because I felt like I had __5__ mine. In a mment f desperatin, it ccurred t me that sending an email might be the __6__. I culd speak at a cmfrtable distance and give him rm t __7__.
S I wrte t him, telling him abut my regrets and fears, and asking him t __8__ the similar experience he had undergne.
Tw weeks later, an email __9__ in my inbx. Dad had carefully __10__ my message, reached back int his memry and made a __11__. I clsed the email and started t cry. I cried because I wished I had __12__ my heart earlier but was grateful it wasn't t late. I cried because I hadn't been able t ask him anything abut his life in all this time; __13__， I had fcused n nt sharing anything abut myself with him. I cried because at 33, in the middle f my wn struggles, his letter instantly put me __14__. And I cried because in the end, it was s __15__： I just had t hit “send”．
We've since had many __16__. Better yet, he ffers stries __17__ withut me asking. My prblems haven't been magically __18__， but getting t knw my dad better and learning t __19__ him mre has made the tugh stuff mre manageable and life sweeter.
It's hard t talk t dads smetimes. I'm glad that I have fund a __20__ t talk t mine.
1．A.private B．reasnable
C．cnfident D．sensitive
2．A.questin B．clarify
C．break D．withdraw
3．A.respnsibility B．security
C．shame D．guilt
4．A.relieve B．cnfirm
C．accmplish D．change
5．A.ignred B．lst
C．sught D．discvered
6．A.key B．target
C．rutine D．stage
7．A.assume B．avid
C．adjust D．admit
8．A.btain B．deliver
C．braden D．share
9．A.remained B．displayed
C．appeared D．apprached
10．A.checked B．cnsidered
C．cnveyed D．cnsulted
11．A.judgment B．prmise
C．cmment D．respnse
12．A.reflected n B．appealed t
C．pened up D．settled dwn
13．A.meanwhile B．instead
C．therefre D．hwever
14．A.at ease B．in peace
C．under pressure D．in a dilemma
15．A.bvius B．apprpriate
C．imprtant D．simple
16．A.debates B．exchanges
C．secrets D．memries
17．A.ccasinally B．instantly
C．eventually D．rarely
18．A.explred B．cncluded
C．slved D．recgnized
19．A.lve B．cnvince
C．frgive D．cmfrt
20．A.cnnectin B．reasn
C．benefit D．way
Test 2
[2021·开封市高三第一次模拟]
Hw much d yu knw abut athletes? Many peple regard watching sprts games as a frm f __1__ . But fr athletes, they are challenging the __2__ f human beings and breaking bundaries. Intensive training is a task which they d every day as a matter f __3__ . On May 6, 1954, Rger Bannister, wh ran a mile in 3 minutes and 59.4 secnds, __4__ the whle wrld's attentin. Peple believed that it was __5__ imaginatin fr a persn t run a mile within 4 minutes. Bannister made a(n) __6__ in what peple believed was impssible. In the years since, mre and mre athletes have vercme the fur­minute­mile __7__. Tday, the recrd—held by Hicham El Guerruj f Mrcc since July 7, 1999—__8__ at 3 minutes and 43.13 secnds.
Recrds are __9__ at a lwer and lwer rate in bth running and ther fields. When new recrds are set, they're changed by a small prprtin f a(n) __10__ . The decimal pint (小数点), set at ne­tenth f a secnd fr Bannister's recrd, nw __11__ ne­hundredth f a secnd. __12__， we'll have t g t a third decimal place, and then a furth.
The clser athletes get t being __13__， the harder it is t make imprvements. Even thugh they are __14__ the best perfrmances f human beings, excellent athletes can still __15__ prprtins f secnds ff existing recrds. They have a real __16__ t break recrds. The gaps between new and ld recrds decrease __17__ . Athletes are getting clser and clser t __18__ physilgical perfrmances all the time. It will be tugher and tugher __19__ . Hwever, excellent athletes never __20__ trying.,
1．A.attentin B．cntributin
C．recreatin D．cmmunicatin
2．A.beliefs B．rights
C．strengths D．limits
3．A.rutine B．situatin
C．experience D．pinin
4．A.required B．avided
C．attracted D．disturbed
5．A.beynd B．within
C．frm D．by
6．A.cut B．divisin
C．invlvement D．breakthrugh
7．A.difference B．barrier
C．habit D．fear
8．A.aims B．shts
C．wrks D．stands
9．A.updated B．held
C．checked D．established
10．A.minute B．hur
C．secnd D．day
11．A.cntains B．measures
C．means D．cvers
12．A.Instead B．Sn
C．Meanwhile D．Besides
13．A.hnest B．strng
C．perfect D．rdinary
14．A.assessing B．affecting
C．expecting D．appraching
15．A.shave B．keep
C．pay D．knck
16．A.histry B．struggle
C．change D．inspiratin
17．A.quickly B．finally
C．nrmally D．gradually
18．A.satisfying B．peak
C．cnsistent D．fair
19．A.making sense B．taking effect
C．making prgress D．lsing heart
20．A.stp B．remember
C．start D．suggest
Test 3
[2021·郑州市第一次质量预测]
Many evlutin caches seem t agree that great things happen the minute we step utside f ur cmfrt zne. Fr me, ne f the mst imprtant things we shuld always remember is that grwth and __1__ can't cexist.
The persnal develpment expert Naplen Hill nce said, “Whatever the mind can believe, it can achieve __2__ hw many times yu may have __3__ in the past r hw great yur aims and hpes may be. “This statement is __4__ because it reminds us that we're the nly nes wh can be __5__ fr hw far we'll g. T reach any __6__， we're usually required t __7__ the way we d things.
Hwever, stepping utside f ur cmfrt zne is prbably the mst imprtant step tward __8__ real changes. But persistence (坚持) and cntinuing t mve frward are __9__ imprtant, as it's extremely easy t slide back int ld __10__ withut realizing it.
Fr lng, I wanted t live in Argentina, s halfway thrugh my Bachelr's degree, I bught a ne­way ticket there. While I was there, I was able t __11__ the last tw years f my degree nline befre flying hme fr graduatin. I still live in Argentina nw, and I can prudly say that taking the __12__ steps t make it a __13__ was ne f the mst imprtant things I ever did. Certainly, I'm nt suggesting we shuld all buy ne­way tickets t freign cuntries and just see what __14__ . But it's imprtant fr us t __15__ what we want and try t bring ur __16__ t life.
Living in a cmfrt zne can trick us int __17__ we have enugh time, but years can fly by withut us having accmplished what we really wanted t. We wn't __18__ have tmrrw t d what we culd have dne tday. S, accept the discmfrt and allw it t __19__ yu t try new things. Yu never knw what yu culd be missing ut n by remaining __20__.
1．A.hpe B．safety
C．cmfrt D．happiness
2．A.regardless f B．in terms f
C．as a result f D．in cnsideratin f
3．A.struggled B．succeeded
C．missed D．failed
4．A.cnsistent B．pwerful
C．plain D．challenging
5．A.ready B．intended
C．suitable D．respnsible
6．A.level B．state
C．gal D．destinatin
7．A.change B．knw
C．discver D．fllw
8．A.cmparing B．experiencing
C．accepting D．cnfirming
9．A.equally B．nrmally
C．slightly D．ptentially
10．A.times B．memries
C．habits D．cncepts
11．A.plan B．value
C．cmplete D．require
12．A.direct B．effective
C．quick D．necessary
13．A.mtivatin B．reality
C．wnder D．pssibility
14．A.happens B．exists
C．helps D．matters
15．A.recgnize B．create
C．appreciate D．gain
16．A.thughts B．chances
C．effrts D．dreams
17．A.expecting B．admitting
C．believing D．understanding
18．A.eventually B．always
C．even D．certainly
19．A.encurage B．teach
C．guide D．remind
20．A.mdest B．self­cnfident
C．independent D．self­cntent
Test 4
[2021·郑州市第二次质量检测]
Success lies behind a lcked dr, but nt everyne has the right key.
Many years ag, I met an ld friend f mine, wh had __1__ himself t acting, but had never been quite __2__ . In his middle age, he seemed t be defeated and sad. I thught f his perseverance (毅力). Certainly, ur __3__ desn't lk kindly upn quitting. Failure is perfectly __4__ as lng as it eventually results in success. We ften chant “Winners never __5__ ” and “If yu d nt succeed at first, try again”. We jump at stries f perseverance, f the authr wh submitted stries fr years befre her __6__ were published, r f the athlete wh has trained since childhd t win gld medals at the Olympics.
Perseverance __7__ when it's rewarded with success, but it desn't reward every persn. Fr every J．K. Rwling, there are thusands f ambitius writers wh will __8__ get anything published. Fr every Olympic athlete, there are cuntless thers wh __9__ every day f their lives but never made it. We all agree that ding the same thing and __10__ a different result is unwise. S, why d we believe that persevering thrugh failure after failure is a gd __11__ ?
We ften cnsider quitting in the face f failure t be __12__. We believe that perseverance is the key t success. Perseverance is nly ne part f success. Yu __13__ talent r skill, as well as enthusiasm and drive. Luck and timing are als key t any great success. Our sciety believes that anything is pssible __14__ yu believe, but nt everyne can make it. Quitting when yu're nt ahead is smetimes a __15__ thing t d.
__16__， if yu enjy a pursuit, regardless f its utcme, yu shuld __17__. If yu knew yur stry wuld never be published, wuld yu want t write? If yu culd never be a champin swimmer, wuld yu still practice? Smetimes, it's wise t put yur __18__ int smething else. Failure is nt always the __19__ t success. Smetimes, it is the dr t smething __20__.,
1．A.expsed B．led
C．adapted D．devted
2．A.successful B．pwerful
C．ambitius D．cnfident
3．A.life B．virtue
C．culture D．gal
4．A.practical B．acceptable
C．necessary D．pssible
5．A.lk back B．give up
C．fall ff D．settle dwn
6．A.experiences B．pinins
C．reprts D．nvels
7．A.takes ff B．sets ff
C．pays ff D．shws ff
8．A.never B．indeed
C．just D．even
9．A.planned B．trained
C．cmpeted D．thught
10．A.expecting B．creating
C．predicting D．prmising
11．A.result B．style
C．idea D．design
12．A.wise B．painful
C．nrmal D．weak
13．A.develp B．need
C．discver D．appreciate
14．A.if B．since
C．unless D．thugh
15．A.hard B．natural
C．bad D．smart
16．A.Als B．Eventually
C．Anyway D．Frtunately
17．A.start B．cntinue
C．decide D．cnsider
18．A.energy B．belief
C．failure D．cncern
19．A.secret B．slutin
C．lessn D．path
20．A.simple B．flexible
C．new D．accessible
解题策略
遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与前文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想