2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：词性转换（构词法）课件

这是一份2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：词性转换（构词法）课件，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了知识导图，构词法，转化法，派生法，考点精析，动词转化为名词后缀，­-ing，­-y，形容词转化为名词后缀，­-age等内容，欢迎下载使用。
动词、形容词转化为名词
名词、动词转化为形容词
形容词转化为副词的规律
表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
名词 → 动词water(n.水 → v.浇水)
动词 → 名词dream(v. → n.)梦想
形容词 → 动词slw(adj.慢的 → v.减慢)
形容词 → 副词hard(adj.难的 → adv.努力地)
考点一　派生法在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的词缀叫作后缀。一、动词、形容词转化为名词
动词转化为名词后缀­-al
apprve → apprval　 赞成；批准.arrive → arrival 到来；到达survive → survival 幸存 prpse → prpsal 提议；建议
动词转化为名词后缀­in/­tin/sin/­atin
expect → expectatin　 期望crrect → crrectin 改正attract → attractin 吸引discuss → discussin 讨论；辩论admit → admissin 接纳；准许入学cmpete → cmpetitin 比赛，竞争prnunce → prnunciatin 发音describe → descriptin 描写decide → decisin　　　　 决定celebrate → celebratin 庆祝；庆祝会cnclude → cnclusin 结论invite → invitatin 邀请graduate → graduatin 毕业 explain → explanatin 解释
动词转化为名词后缀-­er/­-r
read → reader　读者drive → driver 司机；驾驶员annunce → annuncer 广播员 cnduct → cnductr 指挥；售票员
动词转化为名词后缀­ment
punish → punishment　　惩罚achieve → achievement 功绩；成就treat → treatment 对待；治疗equip → equipment 装备；设备gvern → gvernment 政府 argue → argument 辩论；论据
动词转化为名词后缀­ance/­ence
appear → appearance　　出现；外貌perfrm → perfrmance 表演；节目exist → existence 存在；生存prefer → preference 偏爱refer → reference 参考；查阅 guide → guidance 指引；指导
begin → beginning　 开始
­-ure/­ture
fail → failure　 失败；倒闭press → pressure 压力depart → departure 离开；出发mix → mixture 混合；混合物 expse → expsure 暴露
recver → recvery　恢复；痊愈 discver → discvery 发现
chse → chice　 选择vary → variety 多样化；种类 tend → tendency 趋向；趋势
shrt → shrtage　　不足；短缺
accurate → accuracy　 准确性private → privacy 隐私；私密efficient → efficiency 效率；功效fluent → fluency 流利；流畅 frequent → frequency 频率
free → freedm　自由；自主bred → bredm 厌烦 wise → wisdm 明智；智慧
weak → weakness　虚弱；弱点kind → kindness 仁慈；好意careless → carelessness 粗心大意 tired → tiredness 疲劳
形容词转化为名词后缀­th
warm → warmth　温暖；热情deep → depth 深度lng → length 长度wide → width 宽度 strng → strength 力气；强项
形容词转化为名词后缀­y/­ty/­ity
hnest → hnesty　 诚实difficult → difficulty 困难safe → safety 安全cruel → cruelty 残酷；残暴disable → disability 无能；伤残 respnsible → respnsibility 责任
名词、动词转化为形容词后缀­able
accept → acceptable　 可接受的cmfrt → cmfrtable 舒适的fashin → fashinable 时髦的suit → suitable 合适的 reasn → reasnable 有道理的
名词、动词转化为形容词后缀­al
music → musical　音乐的rigin → riginal 最初的persn → persnal 个人的；私人的center → central 中央的；中心的 nature → natural 自然的；天生的
名词、动词转化为形容词后缀­ful
dubt → dubtful　 怀疑的frget → frgetful 健忘的harm → harmful 有害的hpe → hpeful 有希望的 peace → peaceful 和平的
名词、动词转化为形容词后缀
scare → scared　 感到恐惧的cnfuse → cnfused 感到困惑的 underline → underlined 加下划线的
surprise → surprising　 令人惊讶的cnvince → cnvincing 令人信服的 satisfy → satisfying 令人满意的
access → accessible容易取得的hrrr → hrrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terrr → terrible 可怕的
act → active　积极的；活跃的effect → effective 有效的；生效的attract → attractive 有吸引力的 impress → impressive 给人印象深刻的
名词、动词转化为形容词后缀­us
cntinue → cntinuus不断的；持续的anxiety → anxius 忧虑的cautin → cautius 十分小心的；谨慎的curisity → curius 好奇的 humr → humrus 幽默的
tire → tiresme 令人厌倦的 truble → trublesme 麻烦的
taste → tasty 美味的；可口的health → healthy 健康的 wealth → wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
east → eastern 东方的；向东的 west → western 西方的；向西的
child → childish　孩子气的fl → flish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self → selfish 自私的
以“辅音字母加­y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­ly
词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y
词尾为­ue的形容词，去掉e再加­ly
clear → clearly　清楚地 great → greatly 很，大大地
happy → happily高兴地 heavy → heavily 沉重地
terrible → terribly可怕地；极度地 gentle → gently 轻轻地
true → truly　　真实地
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加­y
词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally
full → fully充分地；完全地 dull → dully 迟钝地
basic → basically　主要地；基本上scientific → scientifically合乎科学地autmatic → autmatically自动地
shy → shyly 害羞地 whle → whlly 完全地dry → dryly/drily 干燥地
rudely、plitely、widely、nicely、clsely、frtunately、surprisingly、increasingly、 hurriedly
agree → disagree　 不同意advantage → disadvantage 缺点appear → disappear 消失cmfrt → discmfrt 不舒适的 hnest → dishnest 不诚实的
legal → illegal　 不合法的 lgical → illgical 不合逻辑的
plite → implite　　　 无礼的patient → impatient 不耐烦的 mral → immral 不道德的
frmal → infrmal　　　非正式的cnvenient → incnvenient 不方便的 direct → indirect 间接的
regular → irregular　　 不规则的respnsible → irrespnsible 不负责任的
lead → mislead　 误导understand → misunderstand误解
usual → unusual　　不寻常的willing → unwilling 不愿意的happy → unhappy 不高兴的 knwn → unknwn 不出名的
hpe → hpeless　绝望的end → endless 没完没了的care → careless 粗心的help → helpless 无助的 use → useless 无用的
able → enable　　使能够large → enlarge 扩大rich → enrich 使充实；使丰富danger → endanger 危及 curage → encurage 鼓励
weak → weaken削弱；减弱strength → strengthen 加强brad → braden 使变宽ripe → ripen 使成熟sharp → sharpen 使尖锐wide → widen 加宽shrt → shrten 变短deep → deepen 加深dark → darken 使变暗 hard → harden 使变硬
class → classify　把……分类just → justify 证明……有理terrr → terrify 使……害怕simple → simplify 简化 beauty → beautify 美化
aplgy → aplgize　　　道歉emphasis → emphasize 强调memry → memrize 记住real → realize 认识到；实现cmmercial → cmmercialise 使商业化 industrial → industrialize 使……工业化
考点二　转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。
face(n.脸 → v.面对)shulder(n.肩 → v.肩负)water(n.水 → v.浇水)back(n.背 → v.支持)name(n.名字 → v.命名)huse(n.房子 → v.收藏，安置，提供住所)fuel(n.燃料 → v.刺激，加强) engineer(n.工程师 → v.设制；制造；改变)
lk(v. → n.)看try(v. → n.)尝试dream(v. → n.)梦想 chat(v. → n.)聊天
empty(adj.空的 → v.倒空)slw(adj.慢的 → v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的 → v.弄脏) warm(adj.暖的 → v.使变暖)
hard(adj.难的 → adv.努力地)high(adj.高的 → adv.高)deep(adj.深的 → adv.深) wide(adj.宽的 → adv.宽)
【注意】high、deep、wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly、deeply、widely表示抽象。特别区分：(1)late adj.迟到的，later adv.后来， lately adv. 最近(＝recently)，latest adj.最近的；(2)beside 在……旁边，besides 除……以外；(3)hard adj.坚硬的、困难的、努力的，adv.努力地、艰难地、猛力地、猛烈地，hardly adv.几乎不。
如何突破词性转换？情况一　从句法功能上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”1.名词在句中作宾语时，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。She is determined t carry n with her ____________(educate)．Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, wh lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C., influenced the ____________(develp) f chpsticks.
2.形容词在句中作定语时，常放在名词之前。It was a relief and I came t a ____________(suddenly) stp just in the middle f the rad.
用形容词修饰后面的名词stp
3.形容词在句中作表语时，常放在be、get、becme、remain等系动词后。At ne time, I even felt my parents culdn't understand me s I hped I culd be ____________(freely) frm them.
4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语时，其前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。As I walked, I lked up, trying t realize what made this day s ____________(beauty)．
使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语
5.副词在句中修饰动词(短语)、形容词或其他副词，还可修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。The title will be __________(fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.Dad and I were ____________(terrible) wrried.____________(lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.
作状语修饰谓语动词will be given
应用副词terribly修饰形容词wrried
副词用于句首，表示状态
6.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如：amazed常修饰人的内心感受，意为“感到吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，意为“令人吃惊的”。There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and ____________(disappint)．
和anxius并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用­ed形式的形容词
disappinted
情况二　从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点，注意特殊的变化：以­e结尾的形容词变副词，需把e去掉加­ly；以­ble、­ple结尾的形容词都是去e加­y。另外需注意形副同形词。Instead，he hpes that his business will grw ____________(steady)．Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks ____________(regular)．
使用副词steadily作状语修饰grw
用副词修饰谓语动词短语take shrt breaks
1.Giants search fr plants, fish eggs, and ther treats at the bttm f the river r lake, which makes the water ___________(clud)．2.I culd end each day with a ___________ (glry) African (hpeful), the success f Sanjiangyuan will mark the start f a greener exhibitin, which prvided visitrs with sme knwledge f lng standing Chinese civilizatin, was ___________ (high) appreciated fr the individuality f each terractta warrir and the unbelievable creativity needed t build the army.
cludy glriusHpefully highly
5.Instead f being laid aside and ignred, cultural heritage shuld ___________ (rich) the public's knwledge and expand their stressed that as an ___________ (educate) it is right t g abve and beynd fr their students in this tugh its first ___________ (appear) n Sina Weib n Sept. 2nd, the BA Challenge has attracted millins f viewers and participants.
enrich educatr appearance
8.I gt ___________ (frighten) and I didn't knw what t d!9.If we are ___________ (satisfy) with nly a few rules we have memrized, we are nt really learning the said the last vice-­mnitr, Jey, had been very rude and ___________ (kind) t her.
frightened satisfiedunkind